...defined in several different ways. In terms of rehabilitation, the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) defines telehealth as “the use of electronic communications to provide and deliver a host of health-related information and health care services, including, but not limited to, physical therapy-related information and services, over large and small services” (Lee 2012). A simpler definition of telehealth is “the delivery of health-related services and information via telecommunication technologies” (Lee & Billings). Although many people may assume that telemedicine is a very new phenomenon, it dates back to the early 1990s (Brear, 2006). There is a significant proportion of the world’s...
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...paper will examine the use of Cognitive Restructuring in regards to Stroke Victims and Adolescent Interventions. It will also identify questions regarding interventions. It is an in depth look into interventions too help assist the victims suffering from stroke and adolescent issues. The paper includes an introduction, in depth analysis of backgrounds and interventions associated with stroke and adolescent behavior, intervention questions, and the conclusion. Cognitive Restructuring Definition The cognitive restructuring theory holds that your own unrealistic beliefs are directly responsible for generating dysfunctional emotions and their resultant behaviors, like stress, depression, anxiety, and social withdrawal, and that we humans can be rid of such emotions and their effects by dismantling the beliefs that give them life. Thought challenging–also known as cognitive restructuring–is a process in which you challenge the negative thinking patterns that contribute to your anxiety, replacing them with more positive, realistic thoughts. The cognitive restructuring model is a proven model in addressing behavioral issues concerning stroke victims and adolescents. Our focus will be addressing the insights into these interventions. Cognitive Interventions for Stroke Victims As most of us know behavioral changes are difficult. But for a stroke victim it can be even more difficult due to cognitive impairments after a stroke. These changes are not...
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...Use of Unobtrusive Human-Machine Interface for Rehabilitation of Stroke victims through Robot Assisted Mirror therapy Gautam Narangi, Arjun Narang2, Soumya Singhi luhani Lempiainen Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bharati Managing Director Vidyapeeth's College of Engineering, New Delhi, India Deltatron Oy Ltd. Department of Electronics and Instrumentation, Birla Helsinki, Finland Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India jle@deltatron.fi gautam2410@gmail.com, arjun.narang09@gmail.com, soumya.singh1001@gmail.com Abstract- Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability worldwide. Present techniques employed One technique employed to effectively rehabilitate stroke for victims, especially those suffering from partial paralysis or rehabilitation of victims suffering from partial paralysis or loss loss of function, is using mirror therapy. Mirror therapy is a of function, such as mirror therapy, require substantial amount of resources, which may not be readily available. In traditional mirror therapy, patients place a mirror beside the functional limb, blocking their view of the affected limb, creating the illusion that both the limbs are working properly, which strategy that has been used successfully to treat phantom pain after amputation and recovery from hemiplegia after a stroke. In traditional mirror therapy, patients place a mirror beside the functional...
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...The Usefulness of Stem Cell Therapy Biology 103 SUMMARY A potential treatment for stroke victims is stem cell therapy. Stem cell therapy has made great advancement in this area. However, it is still in the trial phase and has only been tested on animals. The research article I reviewed showed that regardless of which type of stem cell was used either allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) or adipose-derived-stem cells (AD-MSC) the results were incredible. The hypothesis was that if either BM-MSC or AD-MSC was given to a stroke victim within 30 minutes of the stroke that it would increase the effectiveness of their recovery. The method used to test the hypothesis was four test groups of ten rats. Each group was given different variables and then tested at the 24 hour mark after the stroke and at the 14 day mark after the stroke. The results validated the hypothesis, the two groups that had been administered either of the stem cells BM-MSC or AD-MSC showed vast improvements in their recovery. At the 24 hour mark they were functioning well ahead of the groups that did not receive the stem cells and at the 14 day mark they had made almost a full recovery. What is a stem cell? It does not matter the source of a stem cell, they are all unspecialized cells that are converted into more specialized cells (Biology Junction, ND). Stem cells have the capability of becoming one of more than 200 specialized cells in the body (Biology Junction, ND). The function of stem...
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...Anterograde amnesia is the inability to retain new information, after a mental shock or a brain injury, while the long-term information is retained. It is a subgroup of amnesia together with Retrograde Amnesia, which refers to a mental disorder that makes it impossible for the victim to remember the long-term memories for the events before the tragic incident while fresh memories are easily created. Amnesia refers to memory loss, both the past and new information, caused by factors that interfere with the memory storage parts in the brain, the limbic system with its subcomponents, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, the thalamus and the epithalamus. The incidences of the recent and current events are forgotten and made impossible to retrieve....
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...neurological issues, a variety of orthopedic injuries, spinal cord injuries, stroke or other traumatic brain injuries. Patients can be treated in either an inpatient or outpatient setting. This normally depends on the severity of their injury or illness. A patient who has suffered a stroke, for example will be treated within the hospital by therapists before being discharged and prescribed outpatient therapy. Stroke patients are also treated under more than one rehabilitation discipline. This means that they will see not only a licensed physical therapist but in many cases, an occupational and speech therapist as well. There are two main distinctions between physical therapists, orthopedic, neurological and pediatric. Orthopedic therapists work with a number of different diagnoses but the majority of their patients suffer from a muscle, joint or spinal injury. Advancements in medicine have allowed surgeons to perform joint replacement surgeries. Patients who have had a total knee, hip or shoulder replacement will more often than not end up in the hands of a physical therapist. According to the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) those therapists who decide to become a neurological physical therapist will specialize “in the evaluation and treatment of individuals with movement problems due to disease or injury of the nervous system” (2012). These conditions include traumatic brain injuries, stroke patients, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and vestibular disorders...
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...People Play. | |MeSH |D014152 | Transactional analysis, commonly known as TA to its adherents, is an integrative approach to the theory of psychology and psychotherapy. It is described as integrative because it has elements of psychoanalytic, humanist and cognitive approaches. TA was developed by Canadian-born US psychiatrist, Eric Berne, during the late 1950s. According to the International Transactional Analysis Association,[1] TA 'is a theory of personality and a systematic psychotherapy for personal growth and personal change'. 1. As a theory of personality, TA describes how people are structured psychologically. It uses what is perhaps its best known model, the ego-state (Parent-Adult-Child) model, to do this. The same model helps explain how people function and express their personality in their behavior[1] 2. It is a theory of communication that can be extended to the analysis of systems and organisations.[1] 3. It offers a theory for child development by explaining how our adult patterns of life originated in childhood.[1] This explanation is based on the idea of a "Life (or Childhood) Script": the assumption that we continue to re-play childhood strategies, even when this results in pain or defeat. Thus it claims to offer a theory of psychopathology.[1] 4. In practical application, it can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of...
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...Causes and Effects of Stroke Thesis: To gain better knowledge and understanding of the disease called stroke, one must be familiar with how it is caused, its forms, symptoms, facilitators, how it is diagnosed, treated, and prevented. I. Introduction II. Stroke A. Definition B. Types C. Causes III. Demographics IV. Symptoms V. Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention VI. Conclusion Causes and Effects of Stroke Many individuals know or have friends, relatives, loved ones, or someone close to them who have either experienced firsthand or have seen the effects of a stroke, in addition to the toll it takes on the victim and the victim’s life. However, what remains unclear to most families is exactly what the condition is and what causes it. To gain better knowledge and understanding of the disease called stroke, one must be familiar with how it is caused, its forms, symptoms, facilitators, how it is diagnosed, treated, and prevented. By definition, a stroke is a condition where a blood clot or ruptured artery or blood vessel blocks the flow of blood to a specific area of the brain. It is a lack of flowing oxygen and glucose to the brain that leads to the deterioration of brain cells and the start of brain damage, thus resulting in the person developing speech impairment, memory, and movement. There are two main categories in which strokes are classified, ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. The ischemic stroke is what accounts for...
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...which the patient could not understand. Beme disapproved of the then-prevalent ‘expert-impersonal object’ relationship between the therapist and the patient. It often tended to raise the therapist to a lofty position and to reduce the patient to the status of an inanimate object incapable of understanding the complex dynamics of the mind. In his treatment of patients, Beme made a conscious effort to develop a simple, high-impact language to explain to his patients their inner processes and to involve them actively in his line of therapy. His efforts led to the emergence of a new, powerful system of analysis of behavior called Transactional Analysis (TA). Beme first put forth his ideas on TA in a book titled Games People Play, which immediately became very popular. Beme and his associates in their subsequent work developed these ideas. Thus, with efforts of Beme and many other behavioral scientists, TA transcended the boundaries of therapy to enter the world of lay people, their lives on-the-job, and off-the-job. II. Ego States The unit of analysis used in TA for understanding human behavior is called ego state. An ego state is a consistent pattern of feelings and experiences relating to corresponding, consistent patterns of behavior (Beme, 1972). According to Beme, each person has three basic ego states, namely Parent, Adult, and Child. II.I. The Parent Ego State This reflects the attitudes, feelings and ideas absorbed by us in our childhood from our ...
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...by the age of three. Statistics show that on average every two to three children in one thousand fall victim to this disorder. The combined total of all children and adults in the United States living with Cerebral Palsy is estimated to be around 800,000. Symptoms vary from child to child as well as the age of onset. Some signs to look for are any disturbances in the development of learning. Such as if the child is having trouble learning to crawl, walk, rolling from side to side, or sitting by the appropriate age that developmental milestones should be achieved. If the child is only using one hand to grab things while keeping the other hand balled up into a fist. Another common behavior to look for is the child dragging one entire side of the body while trying to crawl with the use of only the opposite side. More causes for concern would be stiff muscles, exaggerated muscle reflexes, muscles not stiff enough resembling a flopping of the limbs, and difficulty with speech and eating. The website Cerebral Palsy Help http://cerebralpalsyhelp.com/causes_and_symptoms.html is a tool to help parents and with early detection, they offer a free evaluation along with signs and symptoms to look for. Some of the causes of this Cerebral Palsy are related to genetics, brain injuries that can happen during the delivery or within the first couple years of life. For example; a stroke or a fall, lack of oxygen during delivery, severe jaundice,...
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...to the hospital with the marks that coining leaves behind, may be suspected victims of child abuse. Healthcare workers are very suspicious of this method....
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...also known as stroke can broadly be described as an interruption of the blood supply to the brain. Without blood the brain cells are staved of oxygen, and can begin to die within minutes if the blood supply is completely cut off. It is this cellular death which has the greatest influence on the sequelae or after math of the stroke. Hemiplegia is the most common sequelae of stroke, this medical condition characterised by paralyses of one side of the body. It is similar to, but should not be confused with hemiparesis which is when one side of the body is weak but still mobile. While the leading cause of hemiplegia is a Cerebrovascular Accident, it is not the only cause, other neural conditions such as a unilateral pyramidal (UMN) lesion may also cause hemiplegia. It is difficult to discuss Hemiplegia without also discussing Stroke, similar to cause and effect, if stroke is the cause then hemiplegia is effect. A sudden stroke can be deadly, and how well someone recovers or if they recover depends largely on how fast they receive treatment. In Australia the most popular method for identifying stroke is the FAST test: * Face – Check their face. Has their mouth dropped? * Arms – Can they lift both arms? * Speech – Is their speech slurred? Do they understand you? * Time – Time is critical. If you see any of these signs Call 000 now! Thanks to implementation of tests such as this and advancements in emergency medical treatment of stroke, the numbers of stroke survivors is...
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...Many consider Virginia Henderson a legend in nursing. Henderson viewed nursing as “doing for others what they would do for themselves if they had the strength, will, and the knowledge; and also that the nurse helps the patient to carry out the plan of therapy prescribed by the physician” (Smith, 1989, p. 69). She saw the function of the nurse as helping the patient. Virginia believed a nurse should focus on helping the patient recover and rehabilitate quickly. She saw the practice of a nurse as being different from that of the physician, yet she believed both roles were an integral part of the rehabilitation phase. Henderson also believed the nurse should be independent from the physician and make independent judgments (Henderson, 1966, p. 22). Henderson proposed 14 basic human needs that help focus the nursing care (Alligood & Tomey, 2010, p. 56). She believed these 14 needs would help a patient return to independence. She believed only a dedicated and devoted nurse would help a patient fulfill these needs. According to Henderson, a nurse that helped a patient acquire independence or helped a patient accept their limitations was a successful nurse (Henderson, 1966, p. 23). The diagram below depicts Henderson’s 14 basic human needs. They are divided into four categories: physiological, psychological, social/moral, and sociological. Henderson claimed that the physiological needs are experienced by all human beings and are the most important for survival. If the physiological...
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...Marcus Altman Music Therapy 5/3/2017 MUS 161 VH Listening to Music Music therapy is a method that has been around as long as music itself. Music therapy is a type of treatment used in Naturopathy Medicine, the use of interventions to accomplish individual goals within a therapeutic relationship by a professional who has completed and approved music therapy program (American Music Therapy Association, 2014). Music therapy consists of a process where music therapists harness the many components of music in order to help clients improve their everyday physical and mental health. There are a few specific areas that music therapists help their clients with. These include cognitive functions, emotional development, motor skills, social skills,...
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...more than any condition in women over the age of 50, including cancer (1) and in fact is responsible for more than a third of all deaths in women (2). It is estimated that 370,000 women in the United States die from heart disease each year. However, our knowledge base regarding CVD in African American (AA) women has not kept pace with the accumulation of data on white females. Thus, there is a deficit of information about this subgroup and the prevalence of CVD despite the fact that black women have more risk factors for CVD than do white women (3). The purpose of this paper is to review the subject of CVD in African American women and to focus upon four principal CVD categories: Coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, stroke, and congestive heart failure (CHF).The impact of gender and race on each of these entities will be examined in comparison to white women, and a determination will be made as to whether a different approach to the management of these disorders should be made based on ethnicity and sex. Coronary Artery Disease It has long been held that men have much more of a problem with CAD than women do; the belief has been that men are more susceptible to the disease, whereas...
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