...of human life. The increase of population and the decrease of resources burden government with economic problem which can and shall ultimately pose danger to the peace and order condition of the community, country or nation. In the Philippines the tax department, popularly known as Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), is under the support of the Department of Finance. The tax department has enormous and wide ranging administrative and legislative powers when it comes to assessment, enforcing taxes and collection. It is considered to be the main revenue earning agency for the government of Philippines. Annually the bureau collects practically 80 percent of the total generated revenue. The BIR has monthly and annual targets for collection and this is determined by the Development Budget and Coordinating Council, which is an inter-agency council headed by the Department of Budget and Management. Today tax payers can directly pay taxes either to the BIR using channels like RDOs or authorized banks. In the Philippines, individual tax returns have to be filed by April 15 of the following year for the previous calendar year. There is the option of paying and filing taxes electronically using the Internet banking through Electronic Filing and Payment System (EFPS). This system was introduced in 2001. The Philippine Constitution requires the...
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...litigated in the case in question using the tax research steps outlined in Appendix A of your text. * Compare the American Institute of CPAs’ (AICPA) Statements on Tax Standards (SSTS) and the Treasury Department Circular 230 rules to practice before the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Suggest which document creates better guidance in the preparation of tax returns and written advice provided to taxpayers. From the e-Activity, evaluate the importance of the principal issue litigated in the case in question using the tax research steps outlined in Appendix A of your text. Determine the Facts: The respondent, Marshall R. Jones, determined deficiencies in Alacare Home Health Services Federal income tax of $136,895 for 1995 and $58,726 for 1996 and accuracy-related penalties under section 6662(a) of $27,379 for 1995 and $11,745 for 1996. Identify the issues: As a Medicare-certified home health care agency, Alacare must comply with accounting guidelines contained in the Medicare Provider Reimbursement Manual Publication. The respondent determined that Alacare’s policy of expensing assets that cost less than $500 was not a proper method of accounting, and that Alacare must capitalize the cost of the disputed assets over their useful lives. Locate applicable authorities: Medicare Provider Reimbursement Manual (HCFA Publication 15-1): Guidelines for Capitalization of Historical Costs and Improvements Costs of Depreciable Assets. Income Tax Regulations: SEC 446(a) General Rule...
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...Financial statement analysis Introduction Marianna Amirbekyan, ACCA What is the objective or role of Financial reporting and Financial statement analysis ? The objective of financial statements is to provide information about the financial position, performance and changes in financial position of an entity that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions. The role of financial analysis is to use the information in a company’s financial statements along with other relevant information to make economic decisions. What is the role of key financial statements ? Balance sheet Cash flow statement • Repots on the position of the firm at a point of time. Income statement • Repots on the firm’s cash receipts and payments. Statement of changes in equity • Reports on the financial performance of the firm over the period of time. • Reports the amounts and sources of changes in equity investors’ investments in the firm over a period of time. Notes • Include disclosures that provide further details about the information summarized in the FS. Elements of financial statements (FS) FS BS Assets PPE Intangible assets Buildings, Licenses Equipment Software IS Labilities Trade receivables Loans Trade payables Equity Income Share capital Revenue Expense Depreciation, Salary Assets = Labilities + Equity Non - current assets Current...
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...Makers Solutions to Chapter 2 Problem Assignments Check Your Understanding 1. Tax Planning vs. Compliance Distinguish tax planning from tax compliance. Solution: Tax compliance involves the gathering of relevant information, evaluating and classifying that information, filing tax returns, and representing clients at Internal Revenue Service audits. Tax planning is the process of evaluating the tax consequences associated with a transaction and making recommendations to achieve the desired objective at minimal tax cost. It generally involves extensive tax research. 2. Tax vs. Nontax Factors For each of the following independent situations, identify whether the item would be primarily a tax or a nontax factor in performing tax planning. a. The taxpayer lost a quarter of her net worth when the dot-com bubble burst and does not want to own any investments with risk such as stock. b. The taxpayer hates to pay any federal income taxes and would rather pay an equal amount of money to an accountant or attorney than pay taxes to the federal government. c. The taxpayer has a large capital loss carryforward from last year. Solution: a. This is primarily a nontax factor situation. The taxpayer has specified that he or she is risk averse, a personal choice, due to having experienced prior losses. b. The taxpayer’s dislike of paying taxes is really a nontax factor; this dislike, however, leads him to seek income tax advice to reduce taxes and he is willing to pay significant amounts of money...
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...Tax Planning for salaried employees DON'T PAY MORE IN ORDER TO SAVE YOUR TAXES. Expert view for tax saving ........................................................................................................................................................ book I About this n India, most salaried people want to increase their personal savings and yearn to achieve financial freedom. But do they REALLY want to save money or are they too busy? Most people are not motivated enough to learn how they can maximize their savings by efficient budgeting of their personal finances. They are unaware of ways to save tax through tax-efficient investment options available in the market. Often, people do not make timely investments and end up paying huge amount of taxes at the end of the year. To make matters worse, lack of updated and timely information makes tax filing a dreaded chore. Salaried people often falsely believe that they do not need any financial planning as their income and expenses are regular. They presume that their savings automatically accumulate in the bank and do not require any intervention to maximize financial gains. But we believe that with some serious effort and knowledge, salaried people can save huge amounts of money and increase their annual income by investing their hard-earned money in tax-efficient schemes. Does tax planning make you nervous? Tax planning is an integral part of personal financial planning. The amount of scattered and incomprehensible...
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...|Overview of Hong Kong Taxation System, Returns and Information | | | |Objectives: | | | |By the end of this lecture, you should be able to | | | | |● |Describe sources of Hong Kong tax law and its features | |● |Identify major kinds of income tax, estate duty and stamp duty | |● |Explain the power of Inland Revenue Department to obtain returns and information | | | | |Readings: | | | |Assigned reading | | ...
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...3-2 Week 2 Lecture: Analyzing Financing Activities Financial Statement Analysis Overheads from K.R. Subramanyam textbook resources as amended by F.Hui for FIN324 2016. CHAPTER Liabilities (including employee benefits), Equity And off balance sheet transactions Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 3-3 Overview of Chapter Companies operations are financed by various sources: • Liabilities • Capital (Stockholders’ Equity) • Off balance sheet transactions 3-4 Companies’ Financing Sources Liabilities Capital (Stockholders’ Equity) Off balance sheet transactions 3-5 Liabilities Liabilities Alternative Classification Important Features in Analyzing Liabilities • Terms of indebtedness (such as maturity, interest rate, payment pattern, and amount). • Restrictions on deploying resources and pursuing business activities. • Ability and flexibility in pursuing further financing. • Obligations for working capital, debt to equity, and other financial figures. • Dilutive conversion features that liabilities are subject to. • Prohibitions on disbursements such as dividends. Obligations that arise from operating activities--examples are accounts payable, unearned revenue, advance payments, taxes payable, postretirement liabilities, and other accruals of operating expenses Operating Liabilities Obligations...
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...Tax on Salary 2012 Income Tax Law & Calculation “This tax guide is for the use of CLIENTS and STAFF only and covers the taxability aspects of the salary as per Pakistani income tax laws applicable to Tax Year 2012” A. Salam Jan & Co. - Chartered Accountants – is a member of AFFILICA International – a network of independent accountancy firms. ASC – GUIDE ON SALARY TAX – TY 2012 1 INTRODUCTION This tax guide gives information for arriving at the taxable income of a salaried person and computation of tax liability thereof under the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001. It is equally informative and useful from the employers’ perspective not only to determine the amount of tax to be withheld every month from the salary paid to the employees but also to understand the tax obligations as a Withholding Tax Agent (WTA). It contains the provisions relating to the tax of a resident salaried person only. WHAT IS SALARY? Salary means amount received by an employee from any employment, whether of a capital or revenue nature. It includes pay and perquisites. Pay means wages or other remuneration like leave pay, payment in lieu of leave, overtime payment, bonus, commission, fees and gratuity. Perquisite means benefit whether convertible to money or not given to employee over and above pay and wages, e.g. - utilities allowance, conveyance allowance, provision of vehicle and accommodation etc. WHO IS A SALARIED PERSON? An individual is treated as a salaried person if more...
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...Memo: To: Edward Sloane, Senior Audit Partner From: David Mynarski, CGA Date: January 15, 20X5 Re: Analysis of Issues for Vehicles for Hope Ltd. (VHL) Audit I have identified issues pertaining to the 2014 audit of VHL, based on the information provided in my meeting with VHL’s Accountant today. I have provided an analysis and recommendations for each of these issues. Financial Accounting Issues Under the Deferral method of accounting that VHL adheres to, the land, building and equipment donation by the Board member would be recorded as revenue and matched to expenses in the year the related costs of maintaining / operating these items are incurred. However, since VHL follows Part III of the CICA Handbook – Accounting and under Part III, an entity has a choice between recording restricted contributions under the Deferral or the Restricted Fund method. I recommend VHL choose the Restricted Fund method of accounting. This would allow VHL to separate their contributions into specific funds, based on what the funds are used for, eliminating the need to defer recognition of the donation revenue. Under the Restricted Fund method, the donated land, building and equipment would be recorded in the capital asset fund in the 2014 year, and the donation for automotive toolkits would be recorded in the restricted fund in 2014, since it is to be used for a specific purpose. Any other non-restricted, non-capital funds donated to VHL would be recorded in the Current...
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...2007 Workbook Chapter 6: Death of a Taxpayer Federal Tax Forms ................................................... 189 Income in Respect of a Decedent (IRD).................. 194 Deductions in Respect of a Decedent ...................... 201 Inherited Property.................................................... 202 Trusts ......................................................................... 205 Special Issues ............................................................ 210 Corrections were made to this workbook through January of 2008. No subsequent modifications were made. Tax professionals are frequently called on to guide fiduciaries through income tax complications resulting from the death of a taxpayer. While a tax preparer should never try to replace the estate attorney, there are services she can provide. This chapter gives an overview of what might be expected. When a taxpayer dies, the court appoints someone (a fiduciary) to handle the taxpayer’s estate. This fiduciary’s title can be executor, executrix, administrator, administratrix, or personal representative. The fiduciary has a responsibility to the decedent’s estate. Primarily, the fiduciary has the responsibility to follow the guidelines of the will and handle the assets of the estate for the best interests of the beneficiaries. Consequently, it is important for the fiduciary to have a basic understanding of various issues that arise when a taxpayer dies. The fiduciary completes a Form 56, Notice Concerning...
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...GLOBAL TRANSFER PRICING SERVICES Global Transfer Pricing Review kpmg.com TAX © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved. Contents Introduction Country Snapshots Country Overviews Glossary of Terms Find out more 2 4 10 255 256 © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved. 2 | Global Transfer Pricing Review Introduction © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved. Introduction | 3 As multinational companies continue to globalize their supply chains, transfer pricing is increasingly at the forefront of business transformation initiatives. Organizations recognize that transfer pricing strategies can add significant value to business projects and help fund future growth as they look to maximize efficiencies and minimize their global tax liabilities. The transfer pricing environment is constantly changing, in terms of both risks and opportunities. Multinational companies...
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...them a clearer picture of what the company is truly doing. Deductions When you begin deducting interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, you distort what positive or negative cash flows the company’s operations generated. The four items (interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) have nothing to do with the company’s actual operations and are accounting conventions for reducing income for tax purposes. Here’s how each one distorts operating performance: * Interest – Companies can deduct interest expense from their income for tax purposes. This deduction will change from year-to-year as more or less debt is on the books. * Taxes – Taxes are subject to change as laws change and the company’s business and accounting practices may change. This deduction also reduces net income. * Depreciation – The tax code allows companies to deduct a portion of the value of an asset each year over a predetermined schedule. This schedule should coincide with the useful life of the asset. For example, if the company bought a piece of equipment with a 10-year useful life, it could take one-tenth of its value as a deduction each year. This matches the expense of the equipment with the...
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...ACC/537 Financial Accounting Basic Accounting Concepts and Business Structures Executive Summary Most businesses nowadays either sole proprietorship, partnership or corporation should prepare financial statements in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Financial statements are the major source of financial information that would help management, creditors, and investors in their decision making. Financial reporting is one of the responsibilities of the company in communicating financial information, which guides in investment and credit decisions, assessing cash flow prospects, and about company’s resources, and claims to its resources. Accrual and cash basis of accounting are the methods employed in recording financial transactions, which affect the credibility of its financial information. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Generally Accepted Accounting Principle (GAAP) is a helpful guide in financial reporting. For the past half a century, less than 50% of the GAAP issued are still effective today. These were reviewed and revised in accordance to the investors, and creditors information needs (Fisher, 1998). GAAP are set of standards and procedures that have substantial authoritative support. The organizations responsible in its development are the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and Government Accounting Standards...
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...Victoria Clark Recording, Analysing and using HR information. Activity A Deliver information on Data management. Reasons why Organisations need to collect HR data.Organisations need data as a point of reference or to be able to retrieve information whenever it is needed. For example, each organisation has to keep accurate records or information of their employees in order to be able to use this information for planning ahead for the business. Also accurate records of employees are kept in order to help the organisation make precise decisions whenever queries arise in relation to each employee on a case by case basis.Organisations also need data as a legal requirement. For instance, in order to be able to make accurate tax returns to the government then the organisation will need to store certain data for each employee. Also for payroll purposes personal details of employees need to be kept. Other reasons organisations keep data is to make it available to employees such information like the organisation structure, company policy and the HR Handbook which is may be useful as a point of reference for employees as well.Types of data to be collected: 1, Contact details: The contact details for each employee especially home addresses. This is essential if correspondence need to be sent out to each employee, such as contracts, pay slips, pensions or leave information. It is important for each employee to receive the appropriate communication and not to be ignored 2, Sickness...
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...Glossary oF Accounting, Finance and Economic Terms Accounting – pages 1‐7 and 8 Finance – page 7 Economics – page 7 ACCOUNTING: http://www.alpineguild.com/glossary_of_important.htm Account ‐‐ a record of financial transactions; usually refers to a specific category or type, such as travel expense account or purchase account. Accountant ‐‐ a person who trained to prepare and maintain financial records. Accounting ‐‐ a system for keeping score in business, using dollars. Accounting period ‐‐ the period of time over which profits are calculated. Normal accounting periods are months, quarters, and years (fiscal or calendar). Accounts payable ‐‐ amounts owed by the company for the goods or services it has purchased from outside suppliers. Accounts receivable ‐‐ amounts owed to the company by its customers. Accrual basis, system, or method ‐‐ an accounting system that records revenues and expenses at the time the transaction occurs, not at the time cash changes hands. If you buy a coat and charge it, the store records or accrues the sale when you walk out with the coat, not when you pay your bill. Cash basis accounting is used by individuals. Accrual basis accounting is used by most businesses. Accrued expenses, accruals ‐‐ an expense which has been incurred but not yet paid for. Salaries are a good example. Employees earn or accrue salaries each hour they work. The salaries continue to accrue until payday when the accrued expense of the salaries is eliminated...
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