...Review Questions 1. b cat > Meeting 2. a cal 3. a Ctrl + b 4. d passwd 5. c man cat 6. d System V 7. a Bash shell 8. c cat >> Annual_Report 9. b log in remotely to another computer on a network 10. d the administrative account that has complete access to a UNIX/Linux system 11. c tail –n 2 project 12. a q 13 A SUSE Linux Enterprise B Mandriva C Fedora D Red Hat Enterprise Linux 14. a less b cat 15. a the users on the local system C a listing of all authorized users on a system, regardless of whether or not they are logged in 16 d clear 17. d Use the shut Down option even though your coworker may want to access the computer after you, becuase this is the best way to fully reinitialize security for the next user session 18. b a peer-to-peer network 19. a a mainframe computer B a desktop pc C a sever D a workstation used for scientific research 20. c press the up arrow key one time 21. b date -u 22번. 스크롤을 아래로 내려 파일의 내용을 볼 수 있습니다 23번. Telnet은 원격 컴퓨터, UNIX, 리눅스, 또는 Windows PC를 연결하는데 사용될 수 있다. 24번. 유닉스와 리눅스는 예민하다, 그러므로 달력을 표시하기 위해서 cal명령과 not cal명령을 사용해야만 한다. 25번. 한줄에 한 개이상의 명령을 실행시키기 위해서는 :세미콜론을 사용하여 각각의 명령을 구분시킨다. 1장 DISCOVERY EXERCISES 1. 현재 파일목록확인을 할 때 사용하는 명령어이다. 현재디렉토리의 파일 목록뿐만 아니라 원하는 파일이 어느 디렉토리에있는지도 확인가능하다. 2. –R 옵션을 찾을 수가 없습니다. 3. 알아볼것 없음 4. 저는 1995년 8월 20일 생입니다. 확인 결과 일요일입니다. 4. 2008년 2012년 6. 화면에 clear를 입력 후 화면을 정리하고 .. 7. Date –u로 출력합니다. 8. cal...
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...Exploring Linux Operating Systems What is Linux? Linux is an Operating System for a computer; it is like other Operating Systems such as Windows and the OS X for MAC. Linux was created in 1991 and has been found on many different systems like Super Computers, cell phones, and even the New York stock exchange. What sets Linux apart from other Operating Systems is that Linux is made by several different companies. According to www.linux.com over 3,200 developers have from 200 companies have contributed to the kernel which is just a small piece of the distribution. How is Linux used today? While other Operating Systems are very limited to personal computing devices, Linux is not limited it can be found on many different things. Linux had its start as a server Operating System but is also one of the only Operating System that can be found on more than just a personal computer. Some of the different things it can be found on taken from www.linux.com “These are just the most recent examples of Linux-based devices available to consumers worldwide. This actual number of items that use Linux numbers in the thousands.” www.linux.com File Editors Coming from a Windows Operating System pretty much my whole life, which means I only have experience with GUI editors such as Notepad from Windows. After working with Linux and its file editors this past week I found it much faster and easier than using the notepad system in Windows. There are two different kinds of editors...
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...Project Student College Case Project Linux as an operating system is a powerful tool used in businesses for its secure kernel and command line interface. From a small business to a large enterprise, Linux is used to run servers, store vital information and documents. In Outdoor Adventures, this store needs a more efficient computing system. The system will need to keep information available and secure enough to ensure that the information can only be seen by the right people. To help keep things organized, a file structure will also be required to keep all the files with special permissions together for easy access. To better illustrate the security capabilities of Linux Ed Sawicki of Biznix.org said, “The Linux firewall has functionality that rivals expensive commercial firewalls. Its rules allow fine grained control over stateless and stateful packet filtering. The Linux firewall is extensible, allowing new filtering capabilities as the need arises.” This comparison is powerful when considering what would be the most cost effective direction for a business, but also the safest. Another advantage of linux is that it is generally free to try before applying it to a commercial setting. The product can in effect speak for its self by allowing itself to be made publicly available so there is no need to consider it a “business risk” when a technician can experiment with it first before applying it on a much grander scale. “Linux…is a freely available multitasking and multiuser...
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...edhat® ® Te r r y C o l l i n g s & K u r t W a l l UR ON IT OOLS IN Y T C E CD-R L TH O ED UD M Linux Solutions from the Experts at Red Hat ® ® P R E S S™ SEC Red Hat® Linux® Networking and System Administration Red Hat® Linux® Networking and System Administration Terry Collings and Kurt Wall M&T Books An imprint of Hungry Minds, Inc. Best-Selling Books G Digital Downloads G e-Books G Answer Networks e-Newsletters G Branded Web Sites G e-Learning New York, NY G Cleveland, OH G Indianapolis, IN Red Hat® Linux® Networking and System Administration Published by Hungry Minds, Inc. 909 Third Avenue New York, NY 10022 www.hungryminds.com Copyright © 2002 Hungry Minds, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book, including interior design, cover design, and icons, may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Control Number: 2001093591 ISBN: 0-7645-3632-X Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1O/RT/QT/QS/IN Distributed in the United States by Hungry Minds, Inc. Distributed by CDG Books Canada Inc. for Canada; by Transworld Publishers Limited in the United Kingdom; by IDG Norge Books for Norway; by IDG Sweden Books for Sweden; by IDG Books Australia Publishing Corporation Pty. Ltd. for Australia and New Zealand; by TransQuest Publishers Pte Ltd. for Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand...
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...NT1430 Linux Networking: Study Guide Wed 21-November-2012 Linux Commands: Know these commands and what they do: • Directory and list commands o ls, ls –l o pwd o cd / o cd and cd~ (hint: both take you to your home directory) o cd .. (takes you up one directory • Know what cp and mv do and how to use them • File viewing commands: o cat o less and more (one page at atime) o vi and view o tail (shows the last 10 lines of a file) o head (shows the top 10 lines) • chmod for changing permissions on files and directories • know the differences in read write and execute for owner group and all • > to redirect output to a file (overwrites if file exists) • >> appends to a file • & puts a process in the background while fg brings it to the foreground. • ps –ef | grep programname locates a running process for you • grep is a program that searches for a string within a directory or command output • The pipe symbol ( | ) sends output from one command to the input of another. • Know what a Linux shell script is. Direcories and file systems • / is the root of the entire file system • /usr stores program files • /home stores user home directories • /etc stores Linux configuration files • /var stores various miscellaneous files • /proc is a virtual directory that stores system performance metrics...
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...Unit 2 Discussion 1: Identifying Layers of Access Control in Linux Learning Objectives and Outcomes * You will be able to identify various layers of access control in a Linux server environment. * You will make security recommendations using different layers of access control. Assignment Requirements Really Cheap Used Computers, Inc. is an online seller of old school computers. The organization’s e-commerce Web site runs on a Linux server. The server is located at the organization’s local office in Boston, Massachusetts. The company has experienced tremendous growth and has hired you as the new security analyst. You access the server and find that there are virtually no layers of security other than the passwords set for user accounts. Discuss at least three layers of access control that can be put in place on this server to create a more secure environment. Rationalize whether the given scenario represents discretionary access control (DAC) or mandatory access control (MAC). Participate in this discussion by engaging in a meaningful debate regarding your choices of the three layers of access control in Linux. You must defend your choices with a valid rationale. Summarize your thoughts in a Word document and submit it to your instructor. Required Resources None Submission Requirements * Format: Microsoft Word * Font: Arial, Size 12, Double-Space * Citation Style: Chicago Manual of Style * Length: 1–2 pages * Due By:Unit 2 Assessment Checklist ...
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...Carlos Espiritu 12/10/11 Week 1 homework Page 19 1. What is free software? List three characteristics of free software. Free software includes GNU/Linux, Apache, and some examples of free applications are: KDE, OpenOffice.org. all these application can be used for router/mobile phones..Etc. Linux is free and price plays a roll but not so crucial as other OS. Also source code is available, and software can be used for any purpose, also can be studied and changed. Linux software can be distributed and changed versions as well. 2. What are multiuser sytems? Why are they successful? A multiuser system allows each user at their work terminals to be connected to the computer. The operating system of computer assigns each user a portion of RAM and drives the computer’s time among various users; it is also called time sharing system. In other words, a multiuser system allows many users to simultaneously access the facilities of the host computer. This type of system is capable of having 100’s of users use this computer at once. The commonly used multiuser systems are: 1. LOCAL AREA NETWORK 2. WIDE AREA NETWORK 3. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK. 3. In what language is linux written? What does the language have to do with the success of linux? Linux is written in the C programming language and because it is written in the C language the language can be imbedded in all type of devices from TV’s, to PDA’s, cell phones, cable boxes for the reason of this language being so portable...
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...Booting is the process that occurs when you press the power button to turn your computer on. There are three types of operating systems which are: MAC OS, WINDOWS AND LINUX. MAC OS Mac OS is the proprietary operating system used by apple for their Macintosh computers originally called systems. Before, the operating system could be run only on Macintosh computers that had Motorola processors. Mac OS was introduced to apple in 2002 and is not compatible with PC hardware. MAC is credited with making the graphical user interface. MAC OS uses control panels to configure, troubleshoot, and maintain the computer. Windows and Linux do not run in Macintosh. LINUX Linux is an open-source operating system modeled on UNIX. Linux was originally written by Linus Torvalds and can be freely downloaded by anyone. They are usually run on PC, gaming consoles, dvrs, mobile phones, and many other devices. Linux was originally designed as an alternative operating system to windows. It is also free to download under GPL (general public license). The Linux operating system represented a $25 billion ecosystem in 2008. Since its inception in 1991, Linux has grown to become a force in computing, powering everything from the New York Stock Exchange to mobile phones to supercomputers to consumer devices. Linux users have the option of using one of a few GUIs that are similar to the Mac OS GUI. The two most popular GUI environments are GNOME and KDE. GNOME stands...
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...Project Part 1 ITT Technical Institute Table of Contents Task 1 Page 3 Task 2 Page 6 Task 3 Page 7 References Page 8 Task 1 First World Bank is a savings and loan financial institution that provides services to their customers like loans, credit cards and standard banking services. First World Bank believes that once they can provide their services online they will gain $100,000,000 a year in online credit card transactions. The issue is how to securely provide their services to their customers and how they can provide those services and still save money in doing so. First World Bank will have to comply with federal regulations to be compliant and to avoid fines and sanctions. If the First World Bank fails to safe guard the information that they have stored on their customers and that information is compromised then the First World Bank will lose customers and also their reputation. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) is one of the federal regulations that the First World Bank needs to be in complaint and stay in compliance with. Gramm-Leach-Bliley is a regulation that requires banks to safe guard customer’s information and to provide how the institution shares customer’s information, what information is collected, who they share the information with, and how they protect it. This information is required to be disclosed to customers in writing, in the written notice the customer will also be advised...
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...developed by SUN microsystems using UNIX. NFS allows severs to share local directories with client systems. NFS runs on UNIX, DOS, Microsoft, VMS, Linux and more. NFS allows a client to access files on a remote server. The client user is usually unaware on the storage location on the file they are using. NFS reduces the storage needs used on the client and aids in the administration work load. With an NFS the file system stored on a remote server and the directory is shared over a local network. The server has a large capacity disk drive and device so that copies for file can be backed up with a problem. Diskless systems boot from the file server and load the system from a fileserver. Because a diskless client doesn’t require much to run a file server system you can use older machine as clients. Other options for NFS for Linux are netboot and dataless system. Netboot uses TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) that runs PXE (Preboot Execution Environment) a boot server for Intel. Dataless systems allow the user to store all files remotely but only Linux based applications can be kept on the disk. IPtables are composed of two components netfilter and IPtables. Netfilter a set of tables that hold rules the kernel uses to control network packet filtering. IPtables set up, maintain, and displays the rules stored by netfilter. Rules use one more categories matches or classified with single action. The rule that applies to the network packet is matched using the categories and action...
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...Evolution of UNIX Evolution of UNIX Bill Stewart December 01, 2011 Marshall University CIS155: UNIX Operating System In the late 1960's computers worked entirely different than the ones that we do our work on every day. They did not talk to each other and programs written for use on one computer did not work on another. Today’s basic cell phone has more processing power and memory capabilities as computers from the 1960's. The few operating systems available at that time performed very limited tasks and were exclusive to the computer it was written on. In other words when one upgraded to a newer computer, the operating system and all data that you wanted transferred from the old computer had to be rewritten on the newer model. In 1965 a joint effort of Bell Labs, MIT and GE began to develop a general computer operating system that was named the MULTICS (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) mainframe timesharing system. The MULTICS project was being funded by the Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The goal of the MULTICS group was to develop a feature-packed information utility that would allow timesharing of mainframe computers by large communities of users. It was also designed to be able to support multilevels of security with the military in mind. When Bell Labs joined the project their goal was to obtain a timesharing system for use by members of the technical staff at Bell Labs. When the planned time had passed and...
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...Evolution of UNIX Evolution of UNIX Bill Stewart December 01, 2011 Marshall University CIS155: UNIX Operating System In the late 1960's computers worked entirely different than the ones that we do our work on every day. They did not talk to each other and programs written for use on one computer did not work on another. Today’s basic cell phone has more processing power and memory capabilities as computers from the 1960's. The few operating systems available at that time performed very limited tasks and were exclusive to the computer it was written on. In other words when one upgraded to a newer computer, the operating system and all data that you wanted transferred from the old computer had to be rewritten on the newer model. In 1965 a joint effort of Bell Labs, MIT and GE began to develop a general computer operating system that was named the MULTICS (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) mainframe timesharing system. The MULTICS project was being funded by the Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The goal of the MULTICS group was to develop a feature-packed information utility that would allow timesharing of mainframe computers by large communities of users. It was also designed to be able to support multilevels of security with the military in mind. When Bell Labs joined the project their goal was to obtain a timesharing system for use by members of the technical staff at Bell Labs. When the planned time had passed and...
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...CIS 206 All iLabs: Devry University (DEVRY) For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com CIS 206 All iLabs: Devry University ----------------------------------------------------------- CIS 206 Case Study 2-3 Discussing the Functions of an Operating System (DEVRY) For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com You have been selected to present a short talk on the functions of an operating system for the weekly tech meeting. To support your talk, you must prepare a handout for the attendees. The handout should summarize the information that you have learned about this topic. ----------------------------------------------------------- CIS 206 Case Study 2-4 Discussing How Applications Interact with Operating Systems (DEVRY) For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com You have been asked to prepare a short lecture for users in the Accounting Department. They have expressed interest in learning more about how the operating system supports the applications they use. Your boss would like to review your lecture notes prior to the class, so you need to save them to a document. Your notes should provide details of your lecture. ----------------------------------------------------------- CIS 206 Case Study 8-2 Researching Background and Font Combinations in Fedora Core 4 (DEVRY) For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Case 8-2: Researching Background and Font Combinations in Fedora Core 4 You have been asked to prepare...
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...the basic understanding of this new technology. The area people need to start when trying to understand the basics of any computer hardware system would the operating system. Operating systems are a program which manages the computer’s hardware. These systems provide a basis for application programs and intermediate between the computer’s user and its hardware. There are many different types of Operating serves that are available to use. There are four main Operating systems that are used in today’s Technological world: UNIX, Linux, Mac, and Windows. Each one of these systems has its own unique aspects to offer users, while still sharing the same basics that an operating system needs. Memory Management UNIX/Linux In comparison to other operating systems, UNIX is quite different when it comes to managing its memory. It uses extremely sophisticated memory management algorithms to make the best use of memory resources. Though UNIX and Linux are extremely similar when it comes to how things work internally, there are slight differences that make UNIX distinct. One process that UNIX uses is Swapping; this is done by moving chunks of the Virtual Memory, known as pages, out of the main memory and moving others in. In order for this process to work at its best, those pages that are needed must be accessible in the Main Memory at the demand of the CPU. When a page is expected to be needed in the very near future it is called a resident set. This can lead to errors due...
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...University of Sunderland School of Computing and Technology File Management System in Linux CUI Interface A Project Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the Regulations governing the award of the degree of BA in Computer Studies, University of Sunderland 2006 I. Abstract This dissertation details a project to design and produce a prototype Linux character environment file manipulation assisting application. The application is offering a friendly menu driven interface to handle the jobs that non-programmers keep finding cumbersome to master when it comes to working in a Unix/Linux interface, resulting in serious mistakes and much loss of productive time. The Linux File Management System is a basic program for every user at a Unix/Linux terminal. Advantages here include the fact that the support team does not have to be burdened with solving simple file based queries by the employees. The areas of Designing GUI interfaces in Linux and Windows versus Linux Security were researched and a prototype has been designed, developed and tested. An evaluation of the overall success of the project has been conducted and recommendations for future work are also given. Words II. Table of Contents 1) Introduction.................................................................................................................................4 1.1 Overview.................................
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