...Are the media the “terrorists’ best friends”? (Laqueur, 1976) This essay will propose that the media coverage of acts of terror occurs for the main purpose of reporting on the news, it heightens the public’s awareness of such incidents and aids in counterterrorism, thus having a detrimental effect on the terrorists and their cause. Laqueur’s statement that the media are the terrorists’ best friends implies that their coverage of terrorism aids the terrorists. We will examine and disprove the hypotheses that coverage of terrorism in the media, and the publicity and attention terrorists gain through media reporting of their acts of terror are beneficial to their cause. For the purposes of this essay media will be used as a “…generic term meaning all the methods or channels of information and entertainment” (P.Wilkinson, 1997:51) and as found within majority of the theories and concepts discussed, the term terrorism, and therefore terrorist, is used to describe violence carried out in the name of a political, ideological or racial cause by a person who wishes to influence the government and, or, intimidate the public. (www.mi5.gov.uk) Terrorism is a psychological weapon (P.Wilkinson, 1997:54), which is dependent upon communication of its threat. The easiest way terrorists can disseminate their messages of threat is through the manipulation of the media. When using the media, the terrorists’ have four core objectives; communicate propaganda; mobilise support from the public...
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...PUPILS’ PERCEPTION OF CABLE TELEVISION PROGRAMMES AS DETERMINANT OF READING HABITS AND ATTITUDES IN UNIVERSITY STAFF SCHOOLS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA BY FLORENCE ADEOLA, OMOBA A proposal in the Department of ABADINA MEDIA RESOURCE CENTRE submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION * Background to the study * Statement of the problem * Objective of the study * Research questions and research hypothesis * Significance of the study * Scope of the study * Operational definition of terms REVIEW OF LITERATURE * Theoretical frame work * Empirical orientation * Reading habit * Reading attitude * Television * School libraries RESEARCH METHODOLOGY * Research design * Population and sampling technique * Research instrument * Validation and reliability of instruments * Data collection procedure * Data analysis REFERENCES APPENDIXES CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION John Walson, an appliance storeowner in a small town of Mahanoy, had difficulty selling television sets to local residents because reception in the area was poor. The problem seemed to be the location of the town in a valley and nearly 90 air miles from the Philadelphia television transmitters. Naturally, signals could not pass through mountains and clear reception was virtually impossible except on the ridges outside of town. It...
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...The Influence of the School Media Specialist’s Role on Students’ Attitudes and Performance in the Research Process Abstract Many high school students at all achievement levels fail in the research process due to the frustration and anxiety that arise from their inability to efficiently locate and manipulate resources. This frustration causes them to perform poorly and in some cases to abandon the process. At the same time, the media specialist’s training and expertise are under-used by both teachers and students. All classes of male and female 11th grade students of all ability levels will be subjected to two different styles of bibliographic instruction prior to beginning their research papers. At the time the assignment is given they will be given a questionnaire that measures their attitudes at various stages of the process. A correlation between attitudes and grades is hypothesized. The conclusion drawn from such a correlation is that an active bibliographic instruction role reduces students’ frustration and anxiety in the research process and thus, positively influences grades. Introduction To address the problem of failure in the high school research paper process, the method of bibliographic instruction is one of several factors that can reasonably be examined. If BI is, indeed, a relevant factor, it may then be postulated to extend its influence to other areas that may have a contributory...
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...Kevin Bateman MBA 633 Position Paper Description In 2009, Ashley Payne was summoned to her principal’s office at Apalachee High School in Winder, Georgia. Miss Payne was an English teacher at the time. Her principal ask if she had a Facebook page and when she answered yes, the principal asked Miss Payne if she had pictures of her drinking alcohol and using profanity on her Facebook page. There were pictures on her page from a summer trip to Ireland in which she is seen holding a glass of wine and beer. The profanity was a comment Miss Payne made about attending a local event known as “Crazy Bitch Bingo”. When Ashley replied yes, the principal told her she had the choice of resigning or face an immediate suspension. Miss Payne chose to resign. Payne then filed a lawsuit against the school district for wrongful termination. In 2009, most companies had very loose social media policies for their employees, if they had any policy at all. The Barrow County School district was very loose and open for interpretation. During Payne’s hearing, court documents revealed that school officials warned teachers about “unacceptable on-line behaviors”. Officials claimed Miss Payne’s Facebook page promoted alcohol use and contained profanity (Sullivan, 2011). Application of Organization Behavior The social perception process is the organizational behavior model the school district can use to justify asking Miss Payne to resign from her position. As a school teacher and public...
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...PURPOSE: The purpose of the assignment is to identify the nature of ethical problems in modern business and how to convince the stockholders on the importance of stakeholder’s interests. As a product manager I am tasked to conduct a report regarding the market demand of coffee product in Maldives and this report is based on the product named Old Town Coffee which is produced by Malaysian company and our Company Ugo Investment Private Limited wants to market the product by naming the product and produce the product in a low quality from China. Introduction As working product manager in Ugo investment in Male’ Republic of Maldives the company management has decided to produce nestle coffee product named Old Town coffee which is produced by nestle Brother Investment which has the authorized license in importing the product to Maldives. The Ugo investment company management has decided to produce Old Town coffee product from the company in a way by concentrating more cheap substance into the product as a result the cost of the production would be low and the selling rate would be lower than comparing with nestle Brother investment to bring the competition with the company. The Ugo investment management team is a group of family business owned by the elder son of the company. The company tries to establish the competition to this investment by pouring the market a low quality product which has a huge impact to the many stakeholders. This report contents the impacts for the stakeholders...
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...Disadvantages of using social networks on the academic performance among grade IV to gradeVI students of Jenefa scholastica, San vicente, Ilocos sur. Introduction As technology evolves, education must evolves. Social networking provides an new outlet for advanced education system. It provide collaboration and communication skills and problem solving skills. According to the Dictionary.com, Social Networking is the use of social networking media throughout the use of online media that people may use to communicate and interact with each other (Dictionary.com,2012). Social networks are Face book, Twitter, Ning, Flickr, Instagram. Academic performance is the outcome of education- the extent to which the student achieved his goal in this grade. Students are supposed to use the social network for their reference for their projects and school activities however students misuse the purpose of using the social network so their academic performance is affected. They misuse in the ways of instead of using as an reference they just spend their time for chatting with their friends, group chats, posting selfies downloading and watching the songs and movies. Statement Social networking is the connection of friends together which allows you to communicate easily. With social networking sites you can have a long chain of friends you can chat or share information or ideal with. According to Boyd & Ellison (2008). “SNS be defined as web-based...
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...A/P COMN 3750 Essay 1 Theorists such as Adorno, Williams and Dienst have multiple views on the effect, development, and influence that Television has upon our society. Its original purpose and vision has been altered towards us, as society has and is still forever developing. Television did just not begin; it was and still is a process of evolution (Dienst, 3-12 A). To many, television is just a form of entertainment, to the normal eye that is. Dienst describes television as more than that, he shows us that numerous factors are responsible for what television and communication really was, is and still may become. Using Economic, Social factors and course material, this essay will prove why these factors are important towards the development of what is now television. If we compare and contrast the definitions of what television was upon its creation compared to what television is now, we will have two completely different answers. Television in the early stages was simply the transferring and receiving of moving images through telecommunications (Dienst, 3-12 A), now television has evolved in a multiplatform medium. The word “evolve” is being used heavily, for the reason that television equipped with technology is forever changing. In (Dienst, 3-12 A) Williams says TV is hard to describe because “ it never is, its always becoming”. Which has lead to its growth in our society at such a rapid pace. Television is responsible for numerous factors in the world...
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...J. Mariah Brown December 2011 Technology in the Classroom 2 Abstract Technological advances and a decrease in the cost of technology have resulted in nearly 93 percent of public schools classrooms in the United States having access to the Internet, and a considerable increase in educational programs that incorporate technology into the curriculum (North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, 2005). Due to the prevalence of technology in the classroom, the effectiveness of such programs has become a prevailing research topic amongst social scientists. This thesis reviews past research and provides an analysis of relevant studies conducted within the last ten years. Using Daft and Lengel‟s media richness theory as a basis, this meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the effect of technology enhanced learning (TEL) programs on K-12 students‟ overall academic performance and factors that can increase the effectiveness of such programs. Technology in the Classroom 3 Technology in the Classroom 4 Table of Contents CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………….……5 The Problem…………………………………………………………………………………....5 Importance of the Study………………………………………………………………………..6 Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………………………….7 Organization of Remaining Chapters………………………………………………………..…7 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE……………………………………...……9 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….……9 Philosophical Assumptions and...
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...Theories of Communication – MCM 511 VU LESSON 01 COMMUNICATION Defining communication Communication is seen as central to our everyday ideas about what makes life worth living. It is not surprising that academicians have attempted to unravel the secrets of the communication process. In this section of the study we will examine the theorizing and theories of this discipline of communication. To understand communication theory we need to understand the nature of communication. Nature of communication People define terms in different ways, and those differences in definition can have a profound impact on the extent to which we understand each other and the way we move forward with both academic and everyday pursuits. Given the variety of ways in which words are used and understood, we are often ill-served to search for the single, so-called correct definition of a term. In other words, it is better to evaluate definition in terms of their utility rather than in terms of their correctness. So we should not assume that there is always a single right way to define a concept. There is a great deal of variation in the definitions. Some are very abstract and some are extremely specific. Few definitions are cited below. Communication is the process by which an individual (the communicator) transmits stimuli (usually verbal) to modify the behavior of other individuals (the audience). (Hovland Janis and Kelly in 1953) Communication is the process by which we understand others and in turn...
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...Social Cognitive Theory and Health Communication on Obesity Introduction Obesity in the United States is a growing challenge our citizens face every day. Many Americans cannot overcome the temptations of a sedentary lifestyle that involve delicious foods and entertaining electronics. These lifestyles are habit forming and are in need of a behavioral health change to promote a healthy lifestyle. These lifestyles are adopted by the social norms of family, friends and the media. These examples directly relate to the behaviors that fall into the beliefs of the social cognitive theory (SCT). Understanding these negative behavioral patterns allow these individuals to assess their current lifestyle. Evidence has shown that theoretical assessments, complied with health program interventions, provide a successful basis to introduce a behavioral change. This paper will discuss behavioral changes using the social cognitive theory and its application to a program created using the health communication model. The critical steps of the health communication model will shape new behaviors using social platforms such as groups activities, media and a program planner's support. Health communication involving various media sources and professional advisement are key to modern...
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... Donald Olding Hebb was a prominent Canadian psychologist. Hebb's work has been highly influential in the area of neuropsychology. His contributions included connections in cell assemblies, phase sequences, effects of environments on learning, and work dealing with the effects of short term and long term memory (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2013). He sought to understand how the function of neurons contributed to psychological processes such as learning. Hebb was instrumental in defining psychology as a biological science by identifying thought as the integrated activity of the brain (Brown, 2003). His views on learning described behavior and thought in terms of brain function, explaining cognitive processes in terms of connections between neuron assemblies. These ideas played a large part in his views on education and learning. His greatest achievement was to persuade psychologist that in order to understand the behavior of living organisms you must study the neural machinery responsible for that behavior (Pinel, 2009). Hebb proposed that neural structures called “cell assemblies” made up the basis of mental concepts. This cell assembly is the brain's thoughts or ideas. This cell assemblies work together to form phase sequences, which are streams of thoughts. Once these cell assemblies and phase sequences are formed, they can be activated by stimulation from the environment. The more stimulating the environment, the more...
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...Corporate Reputation Review Volume 10 Number 3 Academic Research Protecting Organization Reputations During a Crisis: The Development and Application of Situational Crisis Communication Theory W. Timothy Coombs Department of Communication Studies, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA ABSTRACT Crisis managers benefit from understanding how crisis communication can be used to protect reputational assets during a crisis. Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) offers a framework for understanding this dynamic. SCCT provides a mechanism for anticipating how stakeholders will react to a crisis in terms of the reputational threat posed by the crisis. Moreover, SCCT projects how people will react to the crisis response strategies used to manage the crisis. From its empirical research emerges a set of evidence-based crisis communication guidelines. The development of SCCT is discussed along with the presentation of its guidelines for crisis communication. Corporate Reputation Review (2007) 10, 163–176. doi:10.1057/palgrave.crr.1550049 KEYWORDS: crisis communication; crisis man- agement; reputation INTRODUCTION Crises are taken as a threat to the organizational reputation. Crises damage the reputation and such changes can affect how stakeholders interact with the organization (Barton, 2001; Dowling, 2002). Postcrisis communication can be used to repair the reputation and/or prevent reputational damage (Coombs and Holladay, 2005). The field of crisis...
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...Study Guide, Fall 2015 Media/Society, Ch. 6: Social Inequality & Media Representation · Comparing Media Content and the “Real World”: four issues raised by this comparison (pp. 188-189) o First – literature in media and cultural studies reminds us that representation are not reality, even if media readers or audiences may sometimes be tempted to judge them as such. § Representations are the result of process of selection that invariably mean that certain aspects of reality are highlighted and others neglected. § All representations re-present the social world in ways that are both incomplete and narrow. o Second – the media usually do not try to reflect the “real” world. o Creators of media products use entertainment media to comment on the real social world. Readers and audiences develop at least some sense of the social world through their exposure to both entertainment media and news media. · Third – Concerns the troublesome term real. o The concept of a “real” world may seem like a quaint artifact from the past. o Social constructionist perspective. § No representation of reality can ever be totally “true” or “real” because it must inevitably frame an issue and choose to include and exclude certain components of a multifaceted reality. o Fourth- Seems to imply that the media should reflect society. o For many people, media are an escape from the realities of daily life. o Therefore, how “real” media products are is irrelevant...
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...The Role of Social Media In Public Relations Technology in this age is putting a spin on how an organization establishes and cultivates an ongoing mutually beneficial relationship with its publics. Social media is an evolving, ever present catalyst in the communication realm of public relations. Public Relations in its earliest years, the era of Antiquity, acknowledged the importance of public opinion, but their scope was limited to an arm's reach of their publics. Social media has become both a window and a bridge to the public relations practitioners', by enabling them to interconnect the internal objectives of the organization with the constant changing externalities. In the arena of public relations, an array of hats is essential to effectively carry the overall message of an organization into a stage of visible outcome. An organization's public relations department amongst many other tasks must build awareness, research and analyze public attitudes and perceptions, strategize, and implement crisis plans. Social media provides a way for organizations to do these things on a scale not known in earlier times when messages had to first bypass the filter of the media "gatekeepers". As stated by Rupert Murdoch, "Technology is shifting the power away from the editors, the publishers, the establishment, and the media elite. Now it's the people who are in control" (p. 1). Social media as defined by Wikipedia is "an umbrella term for the various activities that integrate technology...
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...University 1 Author Note Emily M. Kamischke, Masters of Interactive Media, Elon University Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Emily Kamischke, ekamischke@elon.edu CASE STUDY: THE PEPSI REFRESH PROJECT 2 Abstract This study aims to describe the successes and failures of the Pepsi Refresh Project and corresponding implications for other corporate social responsibility (CSR) projects seeking to employ information and communications technology (ICT) competitions, crowdsourcing and social media narratives as a means for production of ideas or tasks. The Knight Foundation’s (2009) seven key components of ICT competitions will be used as a framework to review the project and from there analysis of the project will take place using industry information and reviews. Lastly, implication for other ICT competitions will be discussed. Overall, this study explores the Pepsi Refresh Project’s effect on sales and corporate loyalty of consumers for the PepsiCo brand through consumer corporate trust generation. CASE STUDY: THE PEPSI REFRESH PROJECT 3 Case Study: The Pepsi Refresh Project The purpose of this investigation is to complete a case study of the Pepsi Refresh Project and from it devise high impact practices for its application to other corporate social responsibility (CSR) projects. The Pepsi Refresh Project was started in February 2010 using dollars annually used for Super Bowl advertising by PepsiCo and instead directed...
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