...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION LPG consists of mixture of propane and butane which is highly flammable chemical. It is odourless gas due to which Ethanethiol is added as powerful odorant, so that leakage can be easily detected. We can detect the presence of dangerous LPG leakage in the cars, industrial sectors and residential premises using an Ideal Gas Sensor. We can easily integrate the LPG gas leakage detector unit into a unit that can sound an alarm or give a visual suggestion of the LPG concentration. The sensor used in this Project will have both admirable sensitivity and rapid response time. This sensor can also be used to sense other gases like iso-butane, propane, LNG and even cigarette smoke. The output of the sensor goes LOW as soon as the LPG sensor senses any gas leakage. This is detected by the microcontroller and the LED & buzzer are turned ON. After a delay of few milliseconds, the exhaust fan is also turned ON for throwing the gas out and a “GAS LEAKAGE” message is sent to a pre-defined mobile number using GSM Module. MQ-5 Semiconductor Sensor for Combustible Gas Sensitive material of MQ-5 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in clean air. When the target combustible gas exist, the sensors conductivity is Higher along with the gas concentration rising. We use simple electro-circuit, convert change of conductivity to correspond output signal of gas concentration. MQ-5 gas sensor has high sensitivity...
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...can communicate by many ways. For this new era, people are most using the wireless technology system to communicate with each other.Wireless technology is known that the communication system is not used the wire. Thistechnology and services have undergone a huge development since the first cellular andcordless telephone systems were introduced in 1980s.The first generation of cellularphone was based on analog FM technology. This generation only has voice serviceonly.Second generation cellular phone next were introduced in the early 1990.Thisgeneration use the digital modulation and have an improvement on spectral efficiencyas well as voice quality. However this second generation still uses the same features asfirst generation technologies According to an investigate by ABI Research, at the end of 2013, 1.4 billion smart phones has been in use: 798 million of them run Android, 294 million run Apple’s iOS, and 45 million run Windows Phone. Smart phone usually support one or more short range wireless technologies such as Bluetooth and infrared, making it possible to transfer data via these wireless connections. Smart phone can provide computer mobility, ubiquitous data access, and pervasive intelligence for almost every aspect of business processes and people’s daily lives. The use of Bluetooth technology in a smart phone today is not just for the transfer of data and files only. Inrecent years, smart home automation is one of the applications of Bluetooth technology....
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...of pervasive computing is to enable users to interact other users and access information in a more natural form such as merely speaking and gesturing. Mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs) have become very much a part of everyday life due to the many functions they provide and the functions that are yet to be implemented. These functions are made possible through chips being made smaller and able to compact different functionalities. Pervasive computing will usher in new forms of collaboration, communication, the ease of acquiring information, and performing functions that will become the norm in homes, clothing, and businesses. What pervasive computing does is eliminates the steps to complete tasks. For example if a student needed to go to a library to do research for a term paper he/she would get dressed, drive, walk, or take public transportation to reach the library, and ask a librarian to direct him/her to the resources. Today all it takes is having an internet connection and the library comes to the student. Eliminating steps to achieve a goal, whatever the goal maybe, reduces time and money. The valuable time someone saves in completing a task, creates more time to pursue others. Smart home is one of the many examples of pervasive computing where devices communicate with other devices in the home. “Over the last 15 years, computerized controls have become...
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...researchers have emphasized strengths in operations and execution, with the implication that innovation-oriented companies must enter early in the product lifecycle or not at all. Here we examine the decision of Apple Inc. to enter the mobile handset business. We link the iPhone entry strategy to its historic competencies and the industry context of commodization and convergence. From this we offer conclusions about openness in mobile phones and prospects for a single dominant design for convergence devices. JEL - codes: O30, L16, L1 Entering a Mature Industry Through Innovation: Apple’s iPhone Strategy Submitted to DRUID Summer Conference 2007 February 28, 2007 Abstract Innovation competencies are valuable in emergent and high-growth phases of the lifetime of a given product or industry segment. For mature industries, researchers have emphasized strengths in operations and execution, with the implication that innovation-oriented companies must enter early in the product lifecycle or not at all. Here we examine the decision of Apple Inc. to enter the mobile handset business. We link the iPhone entry strategy to its historic competencies and the industry context of commodization and convergence. From this we offer conclusions about openness in mobile phones and prospects for a single dominant design for convergence devices. Few electronics-based...
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...An eGain White Paper Customer Support Megatrends and Next Practices 2010 Update © 2010 eGain Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. “May you live in interesting times!” The popular Chinese saying invokes both a blessing and a curse—depending on what you make of it. These are interesting times for customer support executives. As the rise of the Internet (and now, mobile Internet) and social networks collide with forces of globalization, support organizations find themselves in the eye of the storm. They are buffeted by powerful winds of change, ranging from the dramatic migration of most phone business to the Web to the high-profile outsourcing of agent positions to low-cost countries. To add to it, CxOs are redefining expectations from their service and support operations as they seek to build competitive advantage through distinctive customer service. This white paper discusses the eight megatrends transforming customer support organizations today. Resistance is futile. Taking a passive stance is like trying to ignore a tsunami. Megatrends are not fads; they won’t go away after a while. The trick is to embrace change and stay ahead of these trends instead of getting swept away. So what are these megatrends? Megatrend 1: Customer is royalty; her wish must be your command Megatrend 2: Change is the only constant with mergers, acquisitions, consolidation, outsourcing, and offshoring Megatrend 3: Your agents need 20 pound megabrains...
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...mobility for the banking industry Tech trends 2011 In some industries, companies can pick and choose how they want to respond to new mobile opportunities. In banking, it is not a matter of choice. Not only do consumers expect a steady increase in the number of banking services they can access from mobile devices (not to mention a complementary rise in the quality of their mobile experiences), merchants are moving just as quickly to keep up. That means they’re looking for new ways for customers to buy and pay. With phones? Tablets? Using Debit? Credit? All of the above? As a result, financial institutions should “think outside the bank” when it comes to mobility. Regardless of industry, the march toward mobility is staggering in sheer scale (5 billion subscribers by December 20101) and in its breadth of adoption — crossing age groups, economic classes, and geographies. Consumer interest in smartphones, tablets, and untraditional connected devices such as set-top boxes, telematics, video games, and embedded appliances is growing faster than with any other product segment, with a projected growth of 36% in the coming year2. Connectivity is nearly ubiquitous with today’s mobile computing infrastructure and will only improve with the widespread rollout of 4G, LTE, and WiMAX in primary markets, and the launch of 3G in India3. Just as important, the mobile application (app) movement is fully underway, as traditional telephone service takes a back seat to messaging, e-mail, media, social...
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...Blackjacking Security Threats to BlackBerry® Devices, PDAs, and Cell Phones in the Enterprise Daniel Hoffman Wiley Publishing, Inc. Blackjacking Blackjacking Security Threats to BlackBerry® Devices, PDAs, and Cell Phones in the Enterprise Daniel Hoffman Wiley Publishing, Inc. Blackjacking: Security Threats to BlackBerrys, PDAs, and Cell Phones in the Enterprise Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2007 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-0-470-12754-4 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4355, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make...
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...Page no. | Acknowledgement | 04 | Executive summary | 05 | Introduction about Telecom Industry | 06 | History | 07 | Global Scenario | 08 | National Scenario | 09 | Demographic characteristic | 10 | Market size, Trends & Players | 11 | Telecom turn over/ Subscribers | 12 | Opportunities /Competitive landscape | 13 | Porters generic strategy | 14 | Progress /Acquiring Subscribers | 15 | Rural India | 15 | Government Initiatives / MVAS | 16 | VAS | 18 | Mobile VAS in Rural Market | 19 | Access Device /3G Handset | 20 | Key trends in Telecom Industry | 21 | Inhibitors | 22 | MNP Implementation Globally | 24 | Wimax Vs. 3G | 26 | Mobile virtual network operator | 27 | Regulation for MVN O / IPTV | 28 | Companies overview | 29 | 4P’s Analysis | 43 | Advertisement | 44 | Industry updates | 46 | Major challenges for Mergers | 49 | FDI Investment in Telecom sector | 50 | Outsourcing by Telecom company | 51 | Future Trends | 53 | 4G Technology | 56 | Conclusion/ References | 56 | This project work would never have been an achievable task, had we not been under the great shelter of guidance of respected Professor Mukta Rae. Her simplified teaching technique based on examples has helped us gain more understanding of the subject. The very essence of the project work is the linguistic precision which has an impact of conveying more details in least possible words. An ample use of various reference readings has been...
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...North South University Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science ETE 521 Assignment # 3 Name: MD. Rakibul Islam Monshy ID: 1131048556 a) No Ans: Define ILEC: An incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC) is a local telephone company in the United States that was in existence at the time of the breakup of AT&T into the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs), also known as the "Baby Bells." The ILEC is the former Bell System or Independent Telephone Company responsible for providing local telephone exchange services in a specified geographic area. GTE was the second largest ILEC after the Bells, but it has since been absorbed into Verizon, a RBOC. ILECs compete with competitive local exchange carriers (CLEC). When referring to the technical communities ILEC is often used just to mean a telephone provider. In Canada, the term ILEC refers to the original telephone companies such as Telus (BC Tel and AGT), SaskTel, Manitoba Telephone Systems (MTS Allstream), Bell Canada Enterprises and Aliant. ILEC, with respect to an area in the United States, is a local exchange carrier (LEC) that: On the date of enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, provided telephone exchange service in such area and on such date of enactment, was deemed to be a member of the exchange carrier association pursuant to the Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R) Title 47, section 69.601(b).Or is a person or...
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...Introduction to Commercial Bank We are known as, the benchmark private sector bank in Sri Lanka. Over the years, we have with clear vision, set standards, created an identity and forged a unique trend in banking that has brought us recognition year after year. We have maintained our cultural identity, reached to the grass roots and created a style that has set the trend. Today, our superlative range of products and services, powered by state-of-the-art technological superiority and peopled by a dynamic, highly motivated team have made us what we are, the most progressive bank in Sri Lanka. THE FUTURE The immediate outlook for the local economic environment appears to be encouraging. The Bank is well positioned to capitalise on the opportunities emerging in the market due to the positive macroeconomic enviro nment in the country. The Banking industry operates basically on public confidence. The industry is governed by a set of regulations which necessitates changes or amendments due to the sophistication of the financial products and services it offers. The following regulatory changes which will come into effect in the ensuing year will have a significant impact to the operations of the banking industry. Our Vision "To be the most technologically advanced, innovative and customer friendly financial services organisation in Sri Lanka, poised for further expansion in South Asia" Our Mission "Providing reliable, innovative, customer friendly financial services,...
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...3G Unit-1: GPRS & EDGE General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a mobile data service available to users of GSM mobile phones. It is often described as "2.5G", that is, a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generations of mobile telephony. It provides moderate speed data transfer, by using unused TDMA channels in the GSM network. Originally there was some thought to extend GPRS to cover other standards, but instead those networks are being converted to use the GSM standard, so that is the only kind of network where GPRS is in use. GPRS is integrated into GSM standards releases starting with Release 97 and onwards. First it was standardised by ETSI but now that effort has been handed onto the 3GPP. GPRS is different from the older Circuit Switched Data (or CSD) connection included in GSM standards releases before Release 97 (from 1997, the year the standard was feature frozen). In CSD, a data connection establishes a circuit, and reserves the full bandwidth of that circuit during the lifetime of the connection. GPRS is packet-switched which means that multiple users share the same transmission channel, only transmitting when they have data to send. This means that the total available bandwidth can be immediately dedicated to those users who are actually sending at any given moment, providing higher utilization where users only send or receive data intermittently. Web browsing, receiving e-mails as they arrive and instant...
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...What Is the Internet of Things? Mike Loukides & Jon Bruner ISBN: 978-1-491-92180-7 THE O’REILLY INTERNET OF THINGS CONFERENCE “The future has a funny way of sneaking up on you. You don’t notice it until you’re soaking in it. That was the feeling at O’Reilly’s Solid Conference.” — Wired The traditional boundaries between hardware and software are falling. It’s a perfect storm of opportunity for a software-enhanced, networked physical world. The new products and services created from the melding of software, hardware, and data are built by people who work across disciplines and industries. A vibrant new community is emerging, made up of business and industry leaders, software developers, hardware engineers, designers, investors, startup founders, academics, artists, and policy makers—many of whom have never come together before. They gather at Solid to be inspired, to make connections and launch conversations, and to plug into the future for a few days. Will you be a part of it? Find out more at solidcon.com What Is the Internet of Things? Mike Loukides and Jon Bruner What Is the Internet of Things? by Mike Loukides and Jon Bruner Copyright © 2015 O’Reilly Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://safaribooksonline...
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...Pages 4-5 KNOWING HOW TO PLAN IN THE WORKPLACE – Pages 6-16 ALLOCATING WORK TO MY TEAM MEMBERS – Pages 17- 21 UNDERSTANDING HOW TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF A TEAM IN DELIVERING A PLAN – Pages 22-24 UNDERSTANDING HOW TO ORGANISE PEOPLE TO ACHIEVE AN OBJECTIVE- Pages 24-27 UNDERSTANDING HOW TO DELEGATE TO ACHIEVE WORKPLACE OBJECTIVES- Pages 28-32 GLOSSARY LFRS – Lancashire fire and Rescue service HFSC – Home fire safety check ADFs – Accidental dwelling fireS DSFs – Deliberate Secondary fires EVAs – Environmental Visual Audit CORVU - LFRS information system MOASIC – LFRS information system SOA – Targeted area (super output area) Sm – Station Manager Wm – Watch Manager Cm – Crew Manager CFS – Community Fire Safety KPIs – Key performance indicators IRS – Incident Recording System E71 – Blackburn Fire Station E70 – Accrington Fire Station E76 – Darwen Fire Station MFS – Mobile Fire Station E71P2 – Blackburn Fire appliance E71P1 – Blackburn Fire appliance INTRANET – LFRS Internet REDKITE – Training programme system BA – Breathing apparatus RTC – Road traffic collision BACKGROUND The name of the organisation I work for is Lancashire Fire and Rescue Service. LFRS has a number of aims which are split into our objectives, our priorities and our values. Our Objectives – Our specific measureable goals. To identify the key priorities for 2013 – 2017 by asking ‘What should LFRS focus resources...
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...Authority of India (TRAI), was established to regulate and deal with competition (the service providers). This gradual and thoughtful reform process in India has favoured industry growth. Upcoming services such as 3G and WiMax will help to further augment the growth rate. The Indian telecommunications industry is one of the fastest growing in the world and India is projected to become the second largest telecom market globally by 2010. This is evident from the facts of Telecom Industry for example, India added 113.26 million new customers in 2008, the largest globally. The country’s cellular base witnessed close to 50 per cent growth in 2008, with an average 9.5 million customers added every month. This would translate into 612 million mobile subscribers, accounting for a tele-density of around 51 per cent by 2012. It is projected that the industry will generate revenues worth US$ 43 billion in 2009-10. In this report we have tried to capture most of the areas of Telecom Industry. Major highlights of the report are History of Telecom Industry, Current Industry Analysis, Role of TRAI, Spectrum allocation, FDI Regulation, Competitive advantages, Outsourcing in Telecom, Emerging Technologies, Latest Innovation, and Growth Trends, Mergers and Acquisitions. Anjana, Prachi, Puneet, Sandeep 2 Telecom Industry Table of Contents Executive...
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...Project in Data Communication Helen Grace A. Fernandez 201011542 February 9, 2011 Contents 1 Reaction to the Game 2 Description of Hardware 2.1 First Generation . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 1G Base Station . . . . . 2.1.2 Copper Node . . . . . . . 2.1.3 Coax Node . . . . . . . . 2.1.4 Optical Node . . . . . . . 2.1.5 20 RAS 5850s . . . . . . . 2.1.6 WAN Switch IGX MGX 2.1.7 WAN Switch BPX . . . . 2.1.8 Router 7200 . . . . . . . . 2.1.9 Router 7500 . . . . . . . . 2.1.10 ONS 15454 . . . . . . . . 2.1.11 Mobile Switch MSC . . . 2.1.12 Cable Headend Analog . 2.1.13 Cable Headend Digital . 2.1.14 Telephone Switch . . . . 2.1.15 Second Generation . . . . 2.1.16 50 WiFi Base Stations . 2.1.17 25 MSPPs . . . . . . . . . 2.1.18 10 CMTS UBRs . . . . . 2.1.19 50 DSLAMs . . . . . . . . 2.1.20 25 MWRs . . . . . . . . . 2.1.21 20 Cat2000 Switches . . 2.1.22 Router 7600 . . . . . . . . 2.1.23 Router 10000 . . . . . . . 2.1.24 Router 12000 . . . . . . . 1 8 10 10 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 36 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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