...Creating Shared Value by Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer January, 2011 The capitalist system is under siege. In recent years business increasingly has been viewed as a major cause of social, environmental, and economic problems. Companies are widely perceived to be prospering at the expense of the broader community. Even worse, the more business has begun to embrace corporate responsibility, the more it has been blamed for society’s failures. The legitimacy of business has fallen to levels not seen in recent history. This diminished trust in business leads political leaders to set policies that undermine competitiveness and sap economic growth. Business is caught in a vicious circle. A big part of the problem lies with companies themselves, which remain trapped in an outdated approach to value creation that has emerged over the past few decades. They continue to view value creation narrowly, optimizing short-term financial performance in a bubble while missing the most important customer needs and ignoring the broader influences that determine their longer-term success. How else could companies overlook the well-being of their customers, the depletion of natural resources vital to their businesses, the viability of key suppliers, or the economic distress of the communities in which they produce and sell? How else could companies think that simply shifting activities to locations with ever lower wages was a sustainable “solution” to competitive challenges? Government...
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...causing social, environmental and economic issues culprit. Prosperous company obtained are to extensive damage at the expense of the interests of society. Worse, the more positive corporate social responsibility, the more people are to blame corporate social problems. Corporate legitimacy in the eyes of the public has fallen to the bottom in recent years. Trust for companies has increasingly weakened, prompting political leaders to develop competitive harm and weaken economic growth policies. Business trapped in a vicious cycle. Commercial and social enterprises must be re-integrated together. Most companies are still stuck in the "corporate social responsibility" mode of thinking, where social issues are marginalized. We lack is an integrity guide framework. Pathway to solve the problem is that the principle of shared value: companies create value for society to deal with social challenges, meet the social needs of the process, thus creating significant economic value. Business must reconnect business success with social progress. Opportunity already exists, but companies ignored. Business have become commercial, not because of its charitable donations, but because the business is to deal with the most pressing issues of social powerful force. It is the time to meet the new concept of capitalism, which means companies must be redefined as creating shared value, not profit itself. This will drive the next wave of innovation and global economic growth (Porter & Kramer, 2011). Learning...
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...MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT 1A & 1B RUCHIKA SHINGNE 201600225 SEC C 1a. Scope of Economic Analysis Introduction Economics is the science of making decisions in the presence of scarce resources. Economics is the study of the production and consumption of goods and the transfer of wealth to produce and obtain those goods. Economics explains how people interact within markets to get what they want or accomplish certain goals. There are mainly two key ideas in economics; that goods are scares and society must use its resources efficiently. Managerial economics is the study of how to direct scares resources in the way that most efficiently achieves a managerial goal. Managerial economics is the application of microeconomic theory and methodology to decisionmaking problems faced by private, public and non-profit institutions. It assists decision-makers i.e. managers in efficiently allocating scarce resources, planning corporate strategy, and executing effective tactics. Managerial economics to a certain degree is prescriptive in nature as it suggests course of action to a managerial problem. Problems can be related to various departments in a firm like production, accounts, sales, etc. Managerial economics or economics is categorized in two types; microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of individuals and firms in making decisions regarding the allocation of limited resources. Macroeconomics...
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...Abstract Economic Value Added (EVA) is a value based performance measure that gives importance on value creation by the management for the owners. Profit maximization as a concept is age-old, wealth maximization is matured and value maximization is today’s wisdom. Stern Stewart’s EVA raises storm in corporate world and gives a new way to think about rewarding management. Usability of EVA largely depends on the quality of accounting information system, as traditional information system will not provide sufficient information to compute true EVA. Thus, EVA is required to be tailored in line with accounting system, management philosophy and the degree of demand of such a system. In this paper, an earnest effort has been made to explain theoretical foundation of EVA with its origination, definition, ways to make it tailored, adjustments required, scope and some other related issues. The methodology used is a type of theoretical mining of logics resulting a step-by-step process required for EVA implementation. As corporate house plans to move from traditional to value based performance measures, EVA would yield good result and the paper may become helpful to them to comprehend the methodology. Keywords: Value Based Performance Measure, Tailored EVA, Residual Income (RI), Accounting Distortions, Shareholders’ Value, Value Based Measure, Market Value Added, True EVA 1. Introduction Economic Value Added (EVA) is the financial performance measure that comes closer than any...
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...Title | Living By Numbers - Value Creation or Profit? | Group 4 | Synopsis In December 2009, Hafiz Hashim is facing a dilemma. As the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of MarineCorp Sdn Bhd and its two wholly-owned subsidiaries, he is in charge of reporting their financial performance to the Board of Directors. The three companies traditionally measured their performance using the Profit figure, but MarineCorp’s parent company, the SURIA Group, recently adopted Value Based Management (VBM) and requires the use of Economic Earnings as a performance measure. This becomes a source of anxiety for the senior management of the three companies as their performance evaluation directly hinges on the measure to be adopted. Protagonist/Decision-maker The protagonist of this case is Hafiz Hashim, the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of MarineCorp Sdn Bhd and its subsidiaries, Green Port Sdn Bhd and Sungai Emas Port Sdn Bhd. MarineCorp, and by extension its two subsidiaries, are all members of the SURIA Group of Companies. Hafiz strongly believes in measuring a company’s financial performance through the value it creates rather than merely reporting on the profit. The case takes place at the end of 2009. Performance Measurement Metrics Comparison NET PROFIT | ECONOMIC EARNINGS (EVA) | Suitable for companies with more intangible assets | Suitable for capital-intensive companies | Benefits the senior officers in MarineCorp and its subsidiaries due to profit-based performance evaluations...
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...The Big Idea: Creating Shared Value Rethinking Capitalism by Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer January–February 2011 ‐ http://hbr.org/2011/01/the‐big‐idea‐creating‐shared‐value/ar/pr What Is “Creating Shared Value”? - Policies and operating practices that enhance the competitiveness of a company while simultaneously advancing the economic and social conditions in the communities in which it operates. The concept of shared value—which focuses on the connections between societal and economic progress— has the power to unleash the next wave of global growth. An increasing number of companies known for their hard‐nosed approach to business—such as Google, IBM, Intel, Johnson & Johnson, Nestlé, Unilever, and Wal‐Mart—have begun to embark on important shared value initiatives. But our understanding of the potential of shared value is just beginning. There are three key ways that companies can create shared value opportunities: • By reconceiving products and markets • By redefining productivity in the value chain • By enabling local cluster development Every firm should look at decisions and opportunities through the lens of shared value. This will lead to new approaches that generate greater innovation and growth for companies—and also greater benefits for society. Creating Shared Value & ‘Developing countries’ - Solving social problems has been ceded to governments and to NGOs. Corporate responsibilities programs—a reaction to external p...
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...European Journal of Marketing Emerald Article: Value creation in supply chain relationships: a critique of governance value analysis Trond Hammervoll Article information: To cite this document: Trond Hammervoll, (2009),"Value creation in supply chain relationships: a critique of governance value analysis", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 43 Iss: 5 pp. 630 - 639 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090560910946963 Downloaded on: 07-07-2012 References: This document contains references to 41 other documents To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com This document has been downloaded 2200 times since 2009. * Users who downloaded this Article also downloaded: * James DeLisle, Terry Grissom, (2011),"Valuation procedure and cycles: an emphasis on down markets", Journal of Property Investment & Finance, Vol. 29 Iss: 4 pp. 384 - 427 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635781111150312 David Wyman, Maury Seldin, Elaine Worzala, (2011),"A new paradigm for real estate valuation?", Journal of Property Investment & Finance, Vol. 29 Iss: 4 pp. 341 - 358 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635781111150286 François Des Rosiers, Jean Dubé, Marius Thériault, (2011),"Do peer effects shape property values?", Journal of Property Investment & Finance, Vol. 29 Iss: 4 pp. 510 - 528 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635781111150376 Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by University of Pretoria For Authors: If you would like to write for...
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...^ Academy oi Management Review 2000, Vol. 25, No. 1, 217-22G. NOTE THE PROMISE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A . FIELD OF RESEARCH SCOTT SHANE University of Maryland S. VENKATARAMAN tiniversity of Virginia To date, the phenomenon of entrepreneurship has lacked a conceptual framework. In this note we draw upon previous research conducted in the different social science disciplines and applied fields of business to create a conceptual framework for the field. With this framework we explain a set of empirical phenomena and predict a set of outcomes not explained or predicted by conceptual frameworks already in existence in other fields. For a field of social science to have usefulness, it must have a conceptual framework that explains and predicts a set of empirical phenomena not explained or predicted by conceptual frameworks already in existence in other fields. To date, the phenomenon of entrepreneurship has lacked such a conceptual framework. Rather than explaining and predicting a unique set of empirical phenomena, enfrepreneurship has become a broad label under which a hodgepodge of research is housed. What appears to constitute entrepreneurship research today is some aspect of the setting (e.g., small businesses or new firms), rather than a unique conceptual domain. As a result, many people have had trouble identifying the distinctive contribution of the field to the broader domain of business studies, undermining the field's legitimacy. Researchers in other fields ask...
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...individuals to initiate maintain or organize profit oriented business unit. This is for the production and distribution of economic goods and services and exploiting newfound opportunities. Productive entrepreneurship and creativity combine these inputs into profitable ways. An institution that encourages free entrepreneurship becomes the ultimate determinants of economic growth of a nation. Economic development involves a sustained and concerted action by the community and policy makers to promote the standards of living and economic health of a nation. Some of the actions undertaken involve the development of critical infrastructure, environmental sustainability, social inclusion, and even regional competitiveness to achieve the economic development. Literature review of entrepreneurship and economic development: The industrial economy in the post-world war two periods led to competition among geographical areas to provide tax to attract industrial companies. In the 1990s, the old managerial and industrial economy was replaced by the knowledge and entrepreneurial economy. The rise of companies such as apple, Microsoft and Google exemplified entrepreneurial creation of wealth at the end of twentieth century(Phillips, 2011).The second decade of twenty first century begins virtually with all countries in the world implementing actively the promotion of economic development at state region, regional and national level. What made economic development to be on the focus in the past...
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...CASE REPORT 2 IDENTIFYING VALUE CREATORS Denis Vassilyev 201105020 Temple Uwalaka 201105018 04/16/2012 OVERVIEW In the given case we are supposed to prepare a comparative financial performance analysis for companies within different industries and different geographical regions in terms of value creation. From a financial perspective, value is said to be created when a business earns a return on capital that exceeds the cost of capital. For that analysis we are offered to use several methods which could show controversial indicators. In that case will try to identify which method is more effective and fair in circumstances described in the case. There are fourteen companies, two for each industry to analyze. ANALYSIS BY INDUSTRY In this section, we will take a peep in the value creation of companies within an industry and see how they are faring. COMPUTER HARDWARE-PERSONAL COMPUTERS INDUSTRY in the computer industry, Apple and Acer were the two companies that were given. One important thing here is that apple is an American Company whereas, Acer is a Taiwanese company. It is like Asian versus America. Looking at their data and financial analysis, it is obvious that Apple is a growing company that holds lots of promise in the future, while Acer is a mature company that is losing its grip on the market. Between 1996 and 1997, Apple posted a net loss but improved on that from 1998 to 2000. Within this period, Acer posted profits as their net income. It started...
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...THE McKINSEY QUARTERLY 1994 NUMBER 3 87 What is value-based management? An excerpt from Valuation: Measuring and Managing the Value of Companies, Second Edition Timothy Koller Recent years have seen a plethora of new management approaches for improving organizational performance: total quality management, flat organizations, empowerment, continuous improvement, reengineering, kaizen, team building, and so on. Many have succeeded – but quite a few have failed. Often the cause of failure was performance targets that were unclear or not properly aligned with the ultimate goal of creating value. Value-based management (VBM) tackles this problem head on. It provides a precise and unambiguous metric – value – upon which an entire organization can be built. The thinking behind VBM is simple. The value of a company is determined by its discounted future cash flows. Value is created only when companies invest capital at returns that exceed the cost of that capital. VBM extends these concepts by focusing on how companies use them to make both major strategic and everyday operating decisions. Properly executed, it is an approach to Management that aligns a company’s overall aspirations, analytical techniques, and management processes to focus management decision making on the key drivers of value. It’s very different from 1960s-style planning systems. It is not a staff-driven exercise. It focuses on better decision making at all levels in an organization. It recognizes that top-down...
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...grade high school students in Ohio discussing entrepreneurship: “ - Entrepreneurship is one of the most important parts of economics in a freeenterprise system. - An entrepreneur is a person that creates, organises and manages a business while trying to make a profit. The first thing an entrepreneur needs to do is to think of an idea. They have to be inquirers so they can gather as much information as possible. They need to constantly reflect on their decisions. They must be risk-takers because there is always a chance that their business will not succeed. They must be open-minded when presenting their ideas and receiving feedback. Entrepreneurs must be good communicators when sharing their ideas with investors and when advertising and promoting their company. They must also be principled and caring towards their employees and customers. - By being hardworking entrepreneurs, we all have the opportunity to be very successful.” 2 The essay examines the importance of entrepreneurship within the economy, core elements of entrepreneurship, and how entrepreneurial behaviour and certain character traits impact success. The investigation is based on statements about entrepreneurship given by fourth grade high school students in Ohio. The essay will argue that entrepreneurship is an essential part of economics in a free-enterprise system. Furthermore, it will point out that an entrepreneur needs to follow certain codes of conduct to be...
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...basic principles of the strategies available for globally expanding businesses, it also reviews the different ways in which a business can maximize their profit while maintaining a well planed and followed expansions/global strategy. One important fact is to focus on the main objective of any firm; “Maximizing shareholder value” any strategy is mostly designed and built around this objective. To evaluate and review the strategies presented in this chapter two current events are visited at the end of the paper; Nokia’s cost reduction strategy and Hollywood’s Global Expansion strategy. Hollywood for one is focused on the global market and the ability to successfully expand through these markets, since 1980s as mentioned by Jeff Kleeman the executive producer of “The Change-Up” (Lang, 2011) Hollywood were targeting the global market but now they are more focused on the how rather than just the revenues from these global markets. Nokia’s global strategy on the other hand is aligning workforce with site operations. Nokia is one of the successful telecommunication companies worldwide with more than a billion users worldwide. (Nokia Corporation, 2011) Chapter Summary The Strategy of International Business chapter reviews some basic principles of international business strategies and how these strategies can be used to profit from international expansions. The chapter defines strategy as “the actions managers take to attain the goals of the firm” (Hill, 2011, p. 402). The chapter...
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...provide. The vast majority of enterprises in the United States are made up of individuals, businesses, and nonprofit organizations. Various departments of the government own a number of major enterprises including the military, universities, postal services and national parks. The mix of both free enterprise and government owned enterprises is known as mixed economics. The quality of life in our society is impacted by value that these businesses bring to our economy. This can be measured in monetary value and also by assessing the standards of living in our economic system. (Kelly/McGowan, 2012) The Role of Business The actions of businesses or organizations can positively influence our economy or can cause devastating effects. The direct result from businesses that practice greed and unethical choices contributed to the U.S. economic collapse in the fall of 2008 (Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations , 2011). In the wake of this economic crisis many business and organizations were forced to rethink their strategies and invest in technological advances as a way to improve standards of living and continue to earn a profit. Businesses must not only continue to focus on keeping the current customers but must also contribute in areas of advances in technology in order to be competitive in today’s global environment. Social media is a valuable and growing tool for consumer communications. The advancements in medical technologies are helping to contribute to new ideas and innovations...
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...Thematic Study | 12 December 2012 17th ANNUAL WEALTH CREATION STUDY (2007-2012) Economic Moat Fountainhead of Wealth Creation HIGHLIGHTS Economic Moat protects profits and profitability of companies from competitive attack. Extended CAP (competitive advantage period) of Economic Moat Companies (EMCs) leads to superior levels of profits and stock returns. Over 2002-2012, EMCs in India have outperformed benchmark indices. Breach of Economic Moat causes massive wealth destruction. Markets seem poised to touch new highs in the next 12 months. "(Great companies to invest are like) Wonderful castles, surrounded by deep, dangerous moats where the leader inside is an honest and decent person. Preferably, the castle gets its strength from the genius inside; the moat is permanent and acts as a powerful deterrent to those considering an attack; and inside, the leader makes gold but doesn't keep it all for himself. Roughly translated, we like great companies with dominant positions, whose franchise is hard to duplicate and has tremendous staying power or some permanence to it." — Warren Buffett TOP 10 WEALTH CREATORS (2007-2012) THE BIGGEST Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Company ITC TCS HDFC Bank MMTC HDFC State Bank of India Infosys Tata Motors Hind Unilever Jindal Steel Wealth Created (INR b) 1,187 1,082 744 671 558 556 516 499 457 436 THE FASTEST Company TTK Prestige LIC Housing Finance Coromandel Inter Eicher Motors IndusInd Bank MMTC Jindal Steel Bata...
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