...------------------------------------------------- ECONOMY IN ANCIENT INDIA:FROM EARLY VEDIC PERIOD TO 712 A.D. HISTORY Submitted by: Suyogaya Awasthy 2014127 ------------------------------------------------- SEMESTER I DAMODARAM SANJIVAYYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY Visakhapatnam ------------------------------------------------- OCTOBER 2014 TABLE OF CONTENT TITTLE | PAGE NO. | ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 4 | INTRODUCTION | 5 | SECTION TITLE * Economy: During Early Vedic Age * Economy: During Later Vedic Age * Economy: During Gupta Period * Economy: During Mauryan Period * Guild System:The base of Ancient Economic India | 7891012 | CONCLUSION | 19 | BIBLIOGRAPHY | 20 | | ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I have endeavored to attempt this project. However, it would not have been feasible without the valuable support and guidance of Dr.Vishwachandra Madasu. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to her. I am also highly indebted to Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University Library Staff, for their patient co-operation as well as for providing necessary information & also for their support in completing this project. My thanks and appreciations also go to my classmates who gave their valuable insight and help in developing this project. INTRODUCTION Condition of Economy: Early Vedic to later Vedic period The agriculture was the main economic activity of the people in the Vedic age but with the second urbanization a number...
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...Indus Valley Civilization – The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization (3300–1300 BC; mature period 2600–1900 BC) extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India. Along with Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia it was one of three early civilizations of the Old World, and of the three the most widespread. It flourished in the basins of the Indus River, one of the major rivers of Asia, and the Ghaggar-Hakra River, which once coursed through northwest India and eastern Pakistan. The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab province of British India, and is now in Pakistan. A uniform culture had developed at settlements spread across nearly 500,000 square miles, including parts of Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Baluchistan, Sindh and the Makran coast. It was a highly developed civilization and derived its name from the main river of that region— Indus. |Year |Site |Discovered by | |1920 |Harappa |Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni | |1922 |Mohenjodaro |R. D. Banerjee | |1927 |Sutkagen dor |R. L. Staine ...
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...government h)Name two all Indian national political parties i)What is the election symbol of BJP j)What do you mean by single citizenship Maximum Marks: 80 No of pages:2 m co Attempt all questions from this part [1*10=10] Question 2: a)What were eight fold Path b)State two cause for Muryan Downfall c)What was the importance of Ajantha caves d)What are Fundamental rights and duties of citizen e) What are function general council f)Name the three tiers of Panchayati Raj g)What are election Petitions h)How is Indian national congress i)what are advantage of nyaya panchayat j)Why are seats reserved for minority PART II (50marks) Question 3: a)Name the crop grown by Harappans b)How was the early vedic society c)List any 5 difference between early vedic period and later vedic period Question 4: a) What was the importance of Sangam Literature .e du rit e. [2*10=20] w w w [1m] [4m] [5m] [4m] b)What is Tamil brahmi c)Why is Sangama literature importance for understanding of ages Question5: a)What was the important work of Kalidasa b)Features of Gupta temples c)What was the impact of Islam on the Indian life and culture Question 6: a)How was the invention of printing press b)Who was Thomas More c)What was the impact of Renaissance on Reformation Question 7: a) What were the cause for Industrial Revolution b)Name the factors responsible for rise of nation states c)Who were Jesuits? What...
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...History and Development of Hinduism * Hinduism is the oldest and perhaps the most complex of religious systems. It is difficult to provide adequate history of Hinduism because it has no specific founder or theology. * The earliest product of Indian literature, the Rig Veda, contains the songs of the Aryan invaders who were beginning to make a home in India. Thus, Hinduism is commonly regarded as the offspring of an Aryan religion, brought into India by invaders from the north and modified by contact with Dravidian civilization. (Elliot, 1921) * The literature of Vedic Aryans is relatively ancient and full and there is no available information about old Dravidians comparable with it. Yet, some argue that it is more correct to describe Indian religion as Dravidian religion modified by the ideas of the Aryan invaders. * This is accentuated by the fact that major deities of Hinduism (Siva, Krishna, Rama, Durga), and some of its core doctrines, are either totally unknown to the Veda or obscurely indicated in it. * The chief characteristics of mature Indian religion are characteristics of an area, not of a race, and they differ from those of other ancient religions in Persia, Greece, Egypt or other Aryan lands. (Mamandram.Org, 2011) * The word “Hindu” is an incorrect term given to a follower of the Vedas. The true name of the religion is “Sanatana Dharma”, meaning “the eternal religion”. * Ancient Arabians gave rise to the term as they were...
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...MATHEMATICS IN INDIA The history of maths in india is very great & eventful.Indians gave the system of numerals, zero, geometry & equations to the world. The great Indian mathematician Aryabhata (476-529) wrote the Aryabhatiya ─ a volume of 121 verses. Apart from discussing astronomy, he laid down procedures of arithmetic, geometry, algebra and trigonometry. He calculated the value of Pi at 3.1416 and covered subjects like numerical squares and cube roots. Aryabhata is credited with the emergence of trigonometry through sine functions. Around the beginning of the fifteenth century Madhava (1350-1425) developed his own system of calculus based on his knowledge of trigonometry. He was an untutored mathematician from Kerala, and preceded Newton and Liebnitz by a century. The twentieth-century genius Srinivas Ramanujan (1887-1920) developed a formula for partitioning any natural number, expressing an integer as the sum of squares, cubes, or higher power of a few integers. Origin of Zero and the Decimal System The zero was known to the ancient Indians and most probably the knowledge of it spread from India to other cultures. Brahmagupta (598-668),who had worked on mathematics and astronomy, was the head of the astronomy observatory in Ujjain, which was at that point of time, the foremost mathematical centre in India; he and Bhaskar the second (1114-1185), who reached understanding on the number systems and solving equations, have together provided many rules for arithmetical...
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...stay in tact in both the footer and header pages. http://www.memorymentor.com/ © Memorymentor 2006. All Rights Reserved. http://www.memorymentor.com/ © Memorymentor 2006. All Rights Reserved. Maths Tips and Tricks to Improve Your Math Abilities Page 2 of 18 Contents 1. Multiplying By 11 2. Is it divisible By 4? 3. Multiplying By 12 Shortcut 4. Converting Kilos to Pounds 5. Adding Time 6. Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit 7. 5 Squared Shortcut 8. Decimal Equivalents of Fractions 9. Kilometres to Miles 10. About Memorymentor.com http://www.memorymentor.com/ © Memorymentor 2006. All Rights Reserved. Maths Tips and Tricks to Improve Your Math Abilities Page 3 of 18 Multiplying by 11 shortcut This technique teaches you how to multiply any number by eleven, easily and quickly. We will take a few examples and from these you will see the pattern used and also how easy they are to do. So, to begin let’s try 12 time 11. First things first you will ignore the 11 for the moment and concentrate on the 12. Split the twelve apart, like so: 1 Add these two digits together 1 + 2 = 3 2 1+2 = 3 Place the answer, 3 in between the 12 to give 132 11 X 12 = 132 http://www.memorymentor.com/ © Memorymentor 2006. All Rights Reserved. Maths Tips and Tricks to Improve Your Math Abilities Page 4 of 18 Let’s try another: 48 X 11 again, leave the 11 alone for a moment and work with the 48 4 + 8 = 12 So now we have to put the 12 in between the 4 and 8 but don’t do this:...
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...In the 90s, there was a show called “Boy Meets World”. I, of course, wasn’t around for it, but Mr. Feeny once said: “Education is not about obscure facts and little test scores. Education is about the overall effect of years of slow absorption; Concepts, philosophies, approaches to problem solving.” Mr. Feeny extracted the purpose of education in the show, which demonstrates the learning process. However, aside from Mr. Feeny, when I look back on all my years of education, some of my fondest memories are from elementary; specifically the third grade. My memories at them are vague nevertheless, my teacher Mrs. Burt is most prominent. I have always wanted to become a teacher when I was older, and Mrs. Burt made that ambition stronger. She was...
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...onSwami Vivekananda (Bengali: [ born Narendra Nath Datta(Bengali: ]( listen), Bibekānondo; 12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), Norendro Nath Dot-to), was an Indian Hindu monk and chief disciple of the 19th-century saintRamakrishna. He was a key figure in the introduction of the Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world[2] and is credited with raising interfaith awareness, bringing Hinduism to the status of a major world religion during the late 19th century.[3] He was a major force in the revival of Hinduism in India, and contributed to the concept of nationalism in colonial India.[4] Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Math and the Ramakrishna Mission.[2] He is perhaps best known for his inspiring speech which began, "Sisters and brothers of America ...,"[5] in which he introduced Hinduism at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago in 1893. Born into an aristocratic Bengali family of Calcutta, Vivekananda was inclined towards spirituality. He was influenced by his guru, Ramakrishna, from whom he learnt that all living beings were an embodiment of the divine self; therefore, service to God could be rendered by service to mankind. After Ramakrishna's death, Vivekananda toured the Indian subcontinent extensively and acquired first-hand knowledge of the conditions prevailing in British India. He later travelled to the United States, representing India at the 1893 Parliament of the World Religions. Vivekananda conducted hundreds of public and...
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...Foundations: c. 8000 B.C.E.–600 C.E. Major Developments 1. Locating world history in the environment and time 1. Environment 1. Geography and climate: Interaction of geography and climate with the development of human society a. Five Themes of Geography – consider these 1. Relative location – location compared to others 2. Physical characteristics – climate, vegetation and human characteristics 3. Human/environment interaction – how do humans interact/alter environ a. Leads to change 4. Movement – peoples, goods, ideas among/between groups 5. Regions – cultural/physical characteristics in common with surrounding areas b. E. Africa first people – 750,000 years ago started to move 1. moving in search of food c. Role of Climate – End of Ice Age 12000 BCE – large areas of N. America, Europe, Asia became habitable – big game hunters already migrated 1. Geographical changes - 3000 BCE Green Sahara began to dry up, seeds to forests – N. America 2. Effect on humans – nomadic hunters didn’t move so much a. Settle near abundant plant life – beginning of civilization b. Sedentary life w/ dependable food supply 3. milder conditions, warmer temperatures, higher ocean...
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...The Speed Math Bible written by Yamada Takumi, with the special collaboration of Danilo Lapegna Transform your brain into an electronic calculator and master the mathematical strategies to triumph in every challenge! "The 101 bibles" series More Ebooks ..Ahashare.com I - The Speed Math Bible I'm quite sure we could all agree about a fact: the traditional way to teach mathematics has a lot of structural problems, and in most of cases it doesn't really help students to get confident with the subject. In fact, too many students finish their schooling still having a real "mathematical illiteracy", united with a burning hatred of everything concerning numbers and operations. In particular, talking about classic method of teaching mathematics, I'm strongly of the opinion that: It's really poor incentive for individual creativity: in fact, too many times school will teach you that the proper method for performing a set of calculations i s "rigidly" one, and that everything should always be made in the same way. This obviously can't do much more than boring every student and generating the feeling that the matter itself, rather than improving one's mental skills, actually shrinks them, gradually transforming him/her into something that's more similar to an industrial machine. This book, however, is designed to go far beyond this restricted vision and will teach you that the classic approach is not the only possible approach and that every set of mathematical calculations can...
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...Table of Contents I. Introduction 2 II. DTH Industry in India 3 Industry Snapshot 3 Major Geographical Regions 3 Key market trends 3 Typical price points 3 Market share of key players 3 Growth Drivers 3 Future Outlook 3 Porter 5 forces model for DTH Industry 4 Supplier Power 4 Buyer Power 4 Competitive Rivalry: 4 Threat of Substitution: 4 Threat of New Entry: 4 Tata Sky: The Subject of Market Research 4 Segmentation 5 Targeting 5 Positioning 5 SWOT Analysis 6 Field Study and Survey 6 Online Survey and Results: 7 Marketing Mix 8 Product: 8 Price: 8 Promotion: 8 Place: 8 Conclusion 8 References 8 I. Introduction What is the very first thing or imagery that comes to our mind when we say the acronym DTH? Maybe we visualize Shahrukh Khan in his signature lover-boy arms-wide-spread pose urging us to wish for more (Dish Karo, Wish Karo). Maybe we think about a certain Bunty’s mummy, who is a housewife, speaking fluent English she has learnt from Tata Sky Active English Speaking course; or Reliance urging us to go BIG (TV ho toh BIG ho). Depending on the customer base and loyalty, different people will have different imagery of DTH. During the last decade of the twentieth century, introduction of the cable TV operators in India took the TV industry by a storm. With channels like SONY, Star Plus entering the Indian TV industry through cable, the evergreen Doordarshan faced stiff competition to thrive in their otherwise monopolized...
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...Table of Contents I. Introduction 2 II. DTH Industry in India 3 III. Porter 5 Forces Model For DTH Industry 4 IV. Tata Sky: The Subject of Market Research 5 V. Tata Sky: STP 6 VI. TATA Sky: 4P’s Model 7 VII. Field Study and Survey 8 VIII. SWOT Analysis Of Tata Sky 9 IX. Online Survey and Results: 10 X. Conclusion 10 XI. Recommendation 10 I. Introduction What is the very first thing or imagery that comes to our mind when we say the acronym DTH? Maybe we visualize Shahrukh Khan in his signature lover-boy arms-wide-spread pose urging us to wish for more (Dish Karo, Wish Karo). Maybe we think about a certain Babloo’s mummy, who is a housewife, speaking fluent English she has learnt from Tata Sky Active English Speaking course; or Reliance urging us to go BIG (TV ho toh BIG ho). Depending on the customer base and loyalty, different people will have different imagery of DTH. During the last decade of the twentieth century, introduction of the cable TV operators in India took the TV industry by a storm. With channels like SONY, Star Plus entering the Indian TV industry through cable, the evergreen Doordarshan faced stiff competition to thrive in their otherwise monopolized entertainment industry. Slowly, with more revenue being put into private cable TV channels, quality of TV programs increased by leaps and bounds. Doordarshan struggled to survive against the onslaught of the private TV channels. With the cable TV operators slowly increasing their reach...
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...Swami Jf.C. GJJ!iak!;ivedanta . bWO �S'S'AYS GK[,isfina �eGJWservoir9['Pleasure � �fio Is Crazy? Swami A. C. Bhaktivedanta was born Abhay Charan De in Calcutta, India, in 1896. Trained at the finest Indian universities, he was a successful young busi nessman when, in 1922, he met his Spiritual Master, Sri Srimad Bhakti Siddhanta Saraswati, Founder Acharya of the Goudiya Math Institutions. Just be fore the Master's departure from this world in 1936, Swami Bhaktivedanta was charged with the responsi bility of spreading the Samkirtan Movement to the English-speaking world. Shortlythereafter, anEng lish fortnightly was established and work was begun on a number of books and translations, the most am bitious of which is a proposed sixty volume transla tion with commentary ofthe Srimad Bhagwatam, still in progress. Finally, in 1959, he took up the life of a sanyasin, fully engaged in the duties ordered by his Spiritual Master, and in 1965 the seventy-year old Swami sailed to the West with the message en trusted to him nearlythree decades earlier: "Rejoice in the Lord always, and again I say REJOICE." KRI SHNA, THE RESERVOIR OF PLEASURE by Swami A. C. Bhaktivedanta Krishna-this sound is transcendental. Krishna means the highest pleasure. All of us, every living being, seeks pleasure. But we do not know how to seek pleasure perfectly. With a materialistic concept of life, we are frustrated at every step·in...
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...Project Report on DTH Services in India Hyderabad Business School Team Members Name : Janardhan Samba Murthy Roll No: 2225112112 Email ID : janardhansambamurthyrock@gmail.com Name : R.Kavya Roll No: 2225112130 Email ID : Introduction: In earlier days there was only one TV channel in India. That is “Doordarshan” which was owned and operated by government of India. At the time of 90’s every home which had a TV set used to have its own antenna to capture the signals. The Cable Television Ordinance Law was passed in January 1995. This enabled cable operators to feed channels and later on private companies were allowed to air their own channels and this led to the explosive growth in number of TV channels and number of cable operators. The growth of TV channels & cable operators created a big industry and market opportunities. There were as many as 1, 00,000 cable operators across India until few years back. However the services provided by cable operators were poor. The strikes, increase in tariff plan, selective broadcast and poor services were major cause of dissatisfaction among the customers. This has created an opportunity for DTH. What is DTH? DTH stands for Direct-To-Home, it’s a system that allows you to have a personal dish antenna how cable operators do, except it’s much smaller in size, this antenna can be fixed on your terrace and receives transmissions directly from a satellite, hence it is called as a direct to home service. Direct to...
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...Mathematics Classes 9-10 Chapter One Real Number Mathematics is originated from the process of expressing quantities in symbols or numbers. The history of numbers is as ancient as the history of human civilization. Greek Philosopher Aristotle According to the formal inauguration of mathematics occurs in the practice of mathematics by the sect of priest in ancient Egypt. So, the number based mathematics is the creation of about two thousand years before the birth of Christ. After that, moving from many nations and civilization, numbers and principles of numbers have gained an universal form at present. The mathematicians in India first introduce zero (0) and 10 based place value system for counting natural numbers, which is considered a milestone in describing numbers. Chinese and Indian mathematicians extended the idea zero, real numbers, negative number, integer and fractional numbers which the Arabian mathematicians accepted in the middle age. But the credit of expressing number through decimal fraction is awarded to the Muslim Mathematicians. Again they introduce first the irrational numbers in square root form as a solution of the quadratic equation in algebra in the 11th century. According to the historians, very near to 50 BC the Greek Philosophers also felt the necessity of irrational number for drawing geometric figures, especially for the square root of 2. In the 19th century European Mathematicians gave the real numbers a complete shape...
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