Verbal communication is subdivided into the vocal category which includes spoken language, and the non-vocal category which includes written communication and communication conveyed through sign language or Braille (Communication and Language). The HPC requires Radiographers to be able to communicate information, advice, instruction and professional opinion in English (HPC’s Standards of Proficiency - Radiographers, 2008) since it is the main language in the United Kingdom (Mandy Barrow, 2009). For example, when performing an examination, they need to give clear instructions by explaining what they are doing and why they are doing it (Bach and Grant, 2009). If the receiver does not understand English, a good interpreter is needed to avoid misunderstanding. The receiver may also not understand the examiner’s professional language and as Minardi and Riley (1997) point out, the professional should explain technical terms in order to be understood.

Written communication is the ability to write effectively in a range of circumstances and for different audiences and purposes, in good English (The University of Sydney, 2009) using memorandums, reports, bulletins, job descriptions, employee manuals, electronic mail (e-mail) letters, telegrams, faxes, contracts, advertisements, brochures or news releases (Reference for business, 2010). It is very important in healthcare centres because it is used to increase patients’ knowledge and to influence their behaviour (Givaudan et al) for example brochures on smoking or obesity risks. The basis of effective writing is ensuring that the reader understands the message (Darley, 2002) and bad writing technique such as unclearly structured messages, too long or complicated messages, jargon, inappropriate language or grammar and bad layout, design, colour or font size (Darley, 2002) result in the reader not understanding or misinterpreting the message. Bad writing technique may also cause serious medical problems, for example, incorrect labelling of images may result in wrong surgical procedures being carried out (City University, no date). The HPC requires health professionals to keep accurate and appropriate records which, when handwritten, must be clear and legible (HPC’s Standards of conduct, performance and ethics, 2008).