Free Essay

Village Charter

In:

Submitted By rjfw08
Words 15276
Pages 62
Charter Village of Lennon

1

INDEX
CHAPTER
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX BOUNDARIES ………..……………………………. POWERS IN GENERAL ……..………………….… PLAN OF GOVERNMENT ……..……………….… REGISTRATION, NOMINATION ...…..…………. RECALL …..…...…………………………………… ORDINANCES …….. ………………………………. INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM ……..……….. CONTRACTS ……..………………………………… GENEREAL FINANCE, VILLAGE BUDGET AND FUNDS …….………………………………….. GENERAL ASSESSMENTS AND TAXATION …. STREETS AND SIDEWALKS …………………….. FRANCHISES ………………………………………. PLANNING AND PLATS ………………………….. MAINTENANCE OF VILLAGE UTILITIES ……. INTERIM LEGISLATION ………………………… MISCELLANEOUS ………………………………… SUBMISSION AND ELECTION …………………..

PAGE
1 2 6 13 19 20 22 25

26 29 33 34 35 36 37 38 40

X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII

2

CHAPTER I BOUNDARIES
The Village of Lennon shall include those portions of Sections 24 and 25, Town 7 North, Range 4 East, Venice Township, Shiawassee County, Michigan, and those portions of Sections 19 and 30, Town 7 North, Range 5 East, Clayton Township, and Genesee County, Michigan, described as follows:

The Northeast one-quarter (NE ¼) of Section 25, T7N, R4E, Venice Township, Shiawassee County, Michigan, and all that part of the NW ¼, Section 25, T7N, R4E, Venice Township, Shiawassee County, Lying North of Lytle Road and East of the Centerline Of the Ganssley Drain. The Southeast one-quarter (SE ¼) and all that part Of the Southwest one-quarter (SW ¼) lying East of The Centerline of Ganssley Drain and the South one-half (S ½) Of the Northeast one-quarter (NE ¼), all in Section 24, T7N, R4E, Venice Township, Shiawassee County, Michigan. The West one-half (W ½) of the Northwest one-quarter (NW ¼), Section 30, T7N, R5E, Clayton Township, Genesee County, Michigan abd The West one-half (W ½) of the Southwest one-quarter (SW ¼), Section 19, Clayton Township, Genesee County, Michigan And the same shall be incorporated as a Village pursuant to the provisions of Act No. 278 Of the Public Acts of 1909 as amended.

Chapter II POWERS IN GENERAL
Section 1. The Village of Lennon shall have a corporate seal, may sue and be sued, may contract and be contracted with, and shall have, exercise and enjoy such powers as are conferred by the Constitution and laws of the State of Michigan and by this Charter and also such powers as are necessarily or fairly implied in or incidental to those expressly granted or are essential to the declared objects and purpose of the Village. The enumeration of specific powers in this charter shall not be construed as a limitation upon the general powers granted by state law or by this charter. 3

Section 2. The Village shall have the power: (1) To assess taxes, to levy and collect rents, tolls and excises in accordance with the state statutes and the provisions in this charter. (2) To acquire by purchase, gift, condemnation, lease, construction or in any manner permitted by statute, private property of every type and nature for public use, which property may be located within or without the Village of Lennon, and within or without the Counties of Genesee and Shiawassee, and which may be required for or incidental to the present or future exercise of the purposes, powers, and duties of the Village, either proprietary or otherwise. (3) To maintain, develop, operate, lease, and dispose of Village property subject to any restrictions placed thereon by Statute or by this charter. (4) To refund money advanced or paid on special assessments. (5) To acquire, establish, operate, extend, and maintain sewage disposal systems, sewers and plants either within or without the corporate limits of such Village, as a utility, including the right to acquire property necessary there for by purchase, gift, or condemnation, and including the fixing and collecting of charges for service covering the cost of such service, the proceeds where of shall be exclusively used for the purposes of said sewage disposal system, and which may include a return on the fair value of the property devoted to such service, excluding from such valuations such portions of the systems as may have been paid for by special assessment and which charge may be made a lien upon the property served and if not paid when due to be collected in the same manner as other Village taxes. (6) To use, control and regulate waters and streams within its boundaries, subject to any limitations imposed by law. (2) (7) To use, streets, alleys and public places in the operation of a public utility. (8) To make and plan streets and alleys within and for a distance of not more than three miles beyond the Village limits. (9) To use, control, regulate, and improve the surface of such streets, alleys and public ways and the space above and beneath them. (10) To enlarge, extend, dredge, clean, repair, or otherwise improve streams, canals, and other waterways within its boundaries, cost of which may be defrayed by specifically benefited in proportion to the benefits derived or to be derived; the cost of service, plans and expenses incident to the proceedings for making such improvement shall be deemed to be a part of the cost of the improvement. (11) To acquire, establish, operate, extend, and maintain facilities for the storage and parking of vehicles within its corporate limits including also the fixing and collecting of charges for services thereof on a public utility basis, and for such purpose to acquire by gift, purchase, condemnation or otherwise, the land necessary therefore . (12) To regulate and restrict the location of oil and gasoline stations. (13) To establish districts, or zones within which the use of land and structures, the height, the area, the size and 4

location of buildings and required open spaces for light and ventilation of such buildings, and the density of population may be regulated by ordinance in accordance with statutory provisions governing zoning. (14) To regulate trades, occupations and amusements within the Village, not inconsistent with state and federal laws, and to prohibit such trades, occupations and amusements as are detrimental to health, morals or welfare of its inhabitants. (15) To license, regulate, restrict and limit locations of advertising signs or displays and billboards with the Village. (16) To prevent injury or annoyance to the inhabitants of the Village from anything which is dangerous, offensive or unhealthful and to prevent and abate nuisances and punish those occasioning them or neglecting or refusing to abate, discontinue or remove the same. (17) To prescribe the terms and conditions upon which licenses may be granted, suspended or revoked; require payment of reasonable sums for licenses; and require the furnishing of a bond to the Village for the faithful observance of the conditions under which licenses are granted, and otherwise conditioning such licenses as the Council may prescribe. (18) To regulate all airports located within its boundaries and, for the purpose of promoting and preserving the public peace, safety and welfare, control and regulate the use of air above the Village by aircraft of all types. (19) To regulate the use, occupancy, sanitation and parking of house trailers within the Village, and the rights of the Village to so regulate any house trailer shall not be abrogated because of any detachment thereof from its wheels or because of placing it on, or attaching it to the ground by means of any temporary or permanent foundation, or in any manner whatsoever. (20) To require an owner of real property within the Village to maintain sidewalks abutting upon such property, and if the owner fails to comply with such requirements, or if the owner is unknown, to construct and maintain such sidewalks and assess that cost thereof against the abutting property. (21) To compel owners of real property within the Village to keep sidewalks abutting upon their property clear from snow, ice, or other obstructions and if the owner fails to comply with such requirements, to remove such snow, ice, or other obstructions and assess the cost thereof against the abutting property. (22) To require an owner of real property within the Village to abate public hazards and nuisances which are dangerous to the health, welfare, or safety of inhabitants of the Village within a reasonable time after the Council notifies him/her that such hazard or nuisance exists and if the owner fails to comply with such requirements, or if the owner is unknown, to abate such hazard or nuisance and assess the cost thereof against such property. (23) To require the platting of all land or premises within the Village hereafter subdivided, and require as a condition of approving plats of land or premises hereafter laid out, divided or platted into streets and alleys within the Village, that all streets shown on said plat be graded and graveled or otherwise improved, that all ditches, drains and culverts necessary to make such streets usable be constructed, that cement sidewalks be constructed in the proper places, all in accordance with Village specifications and to adopt a subdivision ordinance containing reasonable regulations and restrictions. The Council may accept a bond conditioned upon the installation of such of the foregoing improvements as it requires within such time as it determines. 5

(24) To control all trees, shrubs and plants in the public streets, highways, parks or other public places in the Village, all dead and diseased trees on private property overhanging the street, sidewalk or public places and the removal thereof, and to assess the cost thereof against the property. (4) (25) To borrow money in accordance with statute, on the credit of the Village and issue bonds therefore, for any purpose within the scope of its powers. (26) To borrow money and issue bonds therefore in anticipation of the payment of special assessments. Such special assessment bonds shall be an obligation of the special assessment district except that the portion of a special assessment district which is of general benefit to the community maybe supported by general obligation bonds together with special assessment bonds supported by an assessment on those properties which are specially benefited. (27) To install, improve, and connect sanitary and storm sewers and waterworks on and to property within the Village; to assess the cost therefore to the several properties and make the same a lien thereon; and to borrow money and issue bonds in anticipation of the collection of such special assessments. (28) To join with any municipal corporation or with any other unit of government, or with any number or combination thereof, by contract, or otherwise, as may be permitted by law, in the ownership, operation, or performance, jointly, or by one or more on behalf of all, of any property, facility, or service which each would have the power to own, operate, or perform separately. (29) To make available to the administrative officers or employees of the Village any recognized standard plan of group life, hospital health, and accident insurance, or any or all of them, and provide a pension plan for administrative officers or employees of the Village, Federal Social Security Program. (30) To adopt such measures and actions as shall adequately provide for the public peace and health and for the safety of persons and property.

CHAPTER III PLAN OF GOVERNMENT
Section 1. All powers of the Village of Lennon, except as otherwise provided by statute or this charter, shall be bested in the Council which shall consist of president and six trustees to be elected at large. Section 2. The Council shall constitute the legislative and governing body of said Village of Lennon, with power and authority to pass such ordinances and adopt such resolutions as they shall deem proper in order to exercise the powers possessed by said Village of Lennon. Section 3. The president and trustees shall be elected on a nonpartisan ballot from the Village of Lennon at large and shall be subject to recall as hereinafter provided. No person shall hold any elective office in the Village of Lennon unless he/she is a qualified elector of the Village for a continuous period of at least one (1) year immediately prior to the election in which he/she is elected. No person shall hold any elective office in the Village of Lennon who is in default to the Village. The Council shall be the sole judge of the election and qualifications of its members including the president. . . Section 4. No person shall hold any appointive office in the Village unless he/she is qualified elector of the 6

Village and has been a resident of the Village for a continuous period of at least one (1) year immediately prior to the date upon which his/her appointment is made and approved; provided however, that the aforesaid requirements may be waived as to appointive offices upon the affirmative vote of five or more members of the Council. No person shall hold any appointive office in the Village who is in default to the Village. In the event that any appointive officer shall cease to possess those requirements relative to residency, and such requirements shall not have been waived by the Council as aforesaid, that office shall be declared vacant and shall be filled as otherwise provided herein for the filling of that office when vacant. Section 5. At the election at which this charter shall be submitted, there shall be elected a President whose term of office shall begin upon taking effect of this charter and who shall serve until 8:00 o'clock P.M. on the second Monday following the regular municipal election in the year 1974. At the regular municipal election in the year 1974 and every second year thereafter, there shall be elected a President, whose term of office shall begin at 8:00 o'clock P.M. on the second Monday following his/her election and shall expire at 8:00 o'clock P.M. on the second Monday following the regular municipal election in the second year thereafter. Section 6. At the election at which this charter will be submitted there shall be elected six (6) trustees whose terms of office shall begin upon the taking effect of this charter. The three candidates for trustees receiving the highest number of votes at said election shall be deemed to be elected and shall serve until 8:00 o'clock P.M. on the second Monday following the regular municipal election in the year 1975 and the three candidates for trustee receiving the next highest number of votes at said election shall be deemed to be elected and shall serve until 8:00 o'clock P.M. on the second Monday following the regular municipal election in the year 1974. In the event that the determination of the term of office of two or more candidates is impossible because of a tie vote, then the same shall be determined by lot. At the regular municipal election in the year 1974 and every year thereafter, there shall be elected three trustees. The term of office of each of each trustee, except those elected at the election at which this charter is submitted, shall begin at 8:00 o'clock P.M on the second Monday following the regular municipal election and shall expire at 8:00 o’clock P.M. on the second Monday following the regular municipal election in the second year thereafter. Section 7. At 8: 00 0' clock P.M. on the day upon which this charter shall take effect, and at the same time on the second Monday following each regular municipal election thereafter, the Council shall meet for the purpose of organization. The first organization meeting shall be held at the Lennon Village Hall or such other place as Council may adjourn to and thereafter the organization meetings shall be held at the usual place for holding meetings of the Council. Other meetings of the Council shall be held at such times as may be prescribed by ordinance or resolution, provided that is shall meet regularly and not less than once a month. The President or any two trustees may call a special meeting of the Council upon at least twenty-four (24) hours' written notice to each member, served personally or left at his/her usual place of residence, provided, however, any special meeting at which all members of the Council are present shall be a legal meeting for all purposes, without such written notice. All meetings of the Council shall be public and any person may have access to the minutes and records thereof at all reasonable times. The Council shall determine its own rules and order of business. It shall keep a journal of the proceedings in English which shall be signed by the President and Clerk. Section 8. Four members of the Council shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number may adjourn from time to time and compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as may be prescribed by ordinance, and all pending business noticed or set down for hearing at such meeting shall be taken up and heard at such adjourned meeting or at the next regular meeting without further notice. The Council shall act only by ordinance or resolution. The affirmative vote of a majority of the trustees shall be required for the passage of any ordinance or resolution, unless in any given case a different number is required by this charter or state law. Section 9. Duties of President 7

(a.) The president shall be the chief executive officer of the Village of Lennon. He/she shall preside at the meetings of the Council. He/she be deemed a member of the Council, but he/she shall have no right to vote upon any question except in case of a tie, in which case he/she shall give the deciding vote. He/she, from time to time, give the Council information concerning the affairs of the corporation and recommend such measures as he/she may deem expedient. It shall be his/ her duty to exercise supervision over the affairs of the Village of Lennon and over the public property belonging thereto, see that the laws relating to the Village of Lennon and the ordinances and regulations of the Council are enforced. (b) The president shall appoint a village marshal, who shall be the chief of police of the Village. As a police officer, he shall be subject to the direction of the president and council. It shall be his/her duty .to see that all ordinances and regulations of the Council, made for the preservation of quiet, good order, and for the safety and protection of the inhabitants of the village, are promptly enforced. As peace officer he/she shall, within said village, be vested with all the powers conferred upon sheriffs for the preservation of quiet and good order. He/she shall have power to serve and execute all process directed or delivered to him/her, in all proceedings for violations of the ordinances of the Village. Such process may be served anywhere within the counties in which said Village is located. (c.) The President may remove any officer appointed by him/her at any time when he/she shall deem it for the public interest and may suspend the Village marshal for neglect of duty. The president shall have authority at all times to examine and inspect the books, records and papers of any agent, employee, or officer or the corporation, and shall perform generally all such duties as are or may be prescribed by the ordinances of the Village of Lennon. (d.) In the absence or disability of the president, the president pro tempore of the Council shall perform the duties of the president. Section 10. The Council shall at its organization meeting following the adoption of this charter and at each organization meeting following each regular municipal election, elect by ballot a member of the council as president pro-tem; who, during the absence or disability of the president to perform his/her duties, shall act in his/her stead and shall exercise all the duties and possess all the powers of the president. In the absence or disability of the president pro-tem, the Council may temporarily appoint one of its members to preside. Section 11. The president, clerk, treasure, and trustees shall receive the sum of twelve ($25.00) dollars for each meeting, regular or special actually attended by them but not more than three hundred sixty ($360.00) dollars in any one year. The president, in addition to the foregoing, shall receive a salary in the amount of two hundred ($200.00) per annum and shall be compensated further for the actual and necessary expenses incurred by him/her in the performance of his/her duties. The clerk and treasure, in addition to the compensation above provided for attendance at council meeting, shall receive a salary in the amount of one hundred ($100.00) dollars per month and shall be compensated for the actual and necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties. The treasure shall also receive a fee of one percent (1%) of the village taxes collected by him/her, which amount shall be added to the amount of taxes collected. Section 12. Absence from five (5) consecutive regular meeting of the commission shall automatically operate to vacate the seat of a member of the Council, unless the absence is excused by the commission by resolution setting forth such excuse. 8

Section 13. The Village of Lennon Council shall have authority to appoint advisory committees, and to change the same from time to time. One person may be appointed to two or more offices except the office of clerk and treasurer shall not be filled by the same person. Section 14. At the election at which this charter is submitted, shall also be elected a Village clerk, treasurer, and assessor who shall serve until 8:00 o'clock P.M. on the second Monday following the regular municipal election in the year 1974. At the regular municipal election in the year 1973 and every year thereafter there shall be elected a Village clerk, treasurer and assessor who shall serve until 8:00 o'clock P.M. on the second Monday following the regular municipal election every year thereafter. Section 15. Village Clerk Powers and Duties.

The clerk shall keep the corporate seal and all the documents, official bonds, papers, files and records of the Village, not by this act or the ordinance of the Village entrusted to some other officer; he/she shall be clerk of the Council, and shall attend its meetings. In case of' the absence of the clerk, or if from any cause he/she shall be unable to discharge or be disqualified from performing the duties required of him/her, then the Council may appoint one (1) of their own number, or some other person, to perform the duties of the clerk for the time being. The clerk shall record, all the proceedings and resolutions of the council, and shall record, or cause to be recorded, all the ordinances of the Village, he/she shall countersign and register all licenses granted; he/she shall, when required, make and certify, under the seal of the Village, copies of the papers and records filed and kept in his/her office; such copies shall be evidence in all places of the matters therein contained; to the same extent as the original would be. He/she shall possess and exercise the powers of the township clerk so far as the same are required to be performed within the village, except as to the filing of chattel mortgages; and he/she shall have authority to administer oaths and affirmations. Section 16. Village Treasurer Powers and Duties.

The treasurer shall have the custody of all moneys, bonds other than official mortgages, notes, leases, and evidences of value belonging to the Village; he/she shall receive all moneys belonging to, and receivable by the corporation, and keep an account of all receipts and expenditures thereof; he/she shall pay no money out of the treasury, except in pursuance of and by authority of law, and upon warrants signed by the clerk and president, which shall specify the purpose for which the amounts thereof are to be paid; he/she shall collect and keep an account of and be charge with all taxes and moneys appropriated thereof, and shall pay every warrant out of the particular fund raised for the purpose for which the warrant was issued. He/she shall give bond in such amount and with such sureties as is satisfactory to the Council. Premiums on all bonds of official shall be paid by the Village of Lennon. Section 17. The Village assessor shall perform such duties in relation to the assessing of property and levying of taxes as are prescribed by this charter. Section 18. The Council shall within thirty (30) days after this charter takes effect appoint the Village assessor and two qualified freeholders and electors who shall constitute the Board of Review of the Village of Lennon in relation to assessments made for general taxation purposes. Said Board of Review shall perform such duties and have such powers as are provided in this charter and the general laws of the state. The members of the Board of Review shall receive no compensation. Section 19. All officers of the Village of Lennon shall perform such duties and possess such powers as are or may be prescribed by this charter, by the general laws of the State and by the Council. Section 20. All elective officers and all officers who are appointed for a definite term or periodically, shall hold 9

office until their successors are elected or appointed, and duly qualify. Section 21. In addition to other provisions herein contained, a vacancy shall exist in any elective office when an elected officer fails to qualify as in this charter provided, dies, resigns, is removed from office, removes from the Village of Lennon or is convicted of a felony. Section 22. No member of the Councilor other officer or employee of the Village of Lennon shall knowingly accept any gift, frank, free ticket, pass, reduced price or reduced rate of service from any person, firm corporation operating a public utility within the Village of Lennon or from any person known to him/her to have or to be endeavoring to secure a contract with the Village of Lennon. Section 23. It shall be the duty of the Village clerk, within two days after the meeting and determination of the Council, as provided in this charter, to notify each person elected, in writing, of his/ her election; and he/she also, within two days after the appointment of any person to any office, in like manner notify such person of the appointment. Section 24. Every officer elected or appointed to any village office, before entering upon the duties of his/her office, shall take and subscribe to an oath of office, which shall be filed and kept in the office of the village clerk, to support the Constitution of the United States of America and the Constitution of the State of Michigan; to endeavor to secure and maintain an honest and efficient administration in the affairs of the Village of Lennon, free from partisan distinction or control; and to perform the duties of his/her office to the best of his/her ability. In case of his/her failure to do so, within ten (10) days after the time fixed for taking office, he/she shall be deemed to have declined the office. Section 25. If for any reason any appointment shall not be made by the Council within the time provided in this charter, it may be made at any subsequent regular or special meeting. Section 26. A vacancy in any elective office shall within thirty (30) days after such vacancy occurs be filled by appointment by a majority of the members of the council, or of the remaining members of the Council when the vacancy is in the council. Such appointee shall hold office until the next regular municipal election, taking place more than forty (40) days after such vacancy occurs, at which election a successor shall be elected for the unexpired term of the person in whose office the vacancy occurs. Provided, however, that the term of no member shall be lengthened by his/her resignation and subsequent appointment. When a vacancy occurs in any office to which a person has been appointed for a definite term, such vacancy shall within thirty (30) days be filled for the unexpired terms, by appointment made in the manner provided for full term appointment to such office. Section 27. When the Council shall deem it necessary, they may establish a Board of Health for the Village of Lennon and appoint officers therefore, make rules for its government and invest it with such powers and authority' as may be necessary for the protection and preservation of the health of the inhabitants. Section 28. The Council shall provide for the public peace and health, and for the safety of persons and property. Section 29. Unless the council shall by unanimous vote, which vote shall be recorded as part of its official proceedings, determine that the best interest of the Village shall be served, the following relatives of any elective or appointive officer are disqualified from holding any appointive office or employment during the term for which said elective or appointive officer was elected or appointed; spouse, child, parent, grandchild, grandparent, brother, sister, half-brother, half-sister, or the spouse of any of them. All relationships shall include those arising from adoption. This section shall in no way disqualify such relatives or their spouses who are bona 10

fide appointive officers or employees for the village at the time of the election or appointment of said official.

CHAPTER IV REGISTRATION, NOMINATION AND ELECTION
Registration The Village of Lennon originally shall consist of one ward and one voting precinct. The Council may from time to time establish by ordinance convenient election precincts. Section 1. The registration and re-registration of electors in the village of Lennon shall be conducted as provided for in the constitution and general laws of the state of Michigan. Nomination Section 2. Candidates for any elective office, to be voted for at any municipal election under the provisions of this charter, shall be nominated by petition in the manner hereinafter prescribed and the names of such candidates for any office and no others shall be printed on the election ballot to be voted for at the next regular municipal election. Section 3. Such petition for nomination shall be in substantially the following forms: We, the undersigned being duly qualified electors of the Village of Lennon do hereby request that the name of (name of candidate) be placed on the ballot as a candidate for (name of office) at the election to be held in said Village On…………….the………...day of..............19……. We further state that we know him/her to be a qualified elector of said Village and a person of good moral character and qualified in our judgment for the duties of such office. Names of qualified electors: ....................... ...................................................................................................... ... .................................. ....................................................................................... ………………………………………………………………………………….. It shall be unlawful for any person to sign more than one such nominating petition for the same office, except where two or more candidates are to be elected for the same office, then he/she may sign as many petitions as there are persons to be elected for said office.

11

Such petition shall be without any mark or designation showing the party affiliation of the person being so nominated. The person circulating a nominating petition shall, before the acceptance of such petition by the Village clerk" subscribe to the following oath: State of Michigan County of……………………) .............................. being duly sworn deposes and says that he is the circulator of the foregoing petition containing............. signature, that the signatures appended thereto were made in his/her presence and are the signatures of the persons whose names they purport to be, and that all of said signers are qualified electors of said village to the best of his/her knowledge and belief. Signed................. Subscribed and sworn to before me this .............................. day of ........................... 19.. Notary Public ……………..County, Michigan My commission expires....... Section 4. All nominating petitions shall be filed with the Village clerk on or before 4:00 o'clock P.M. on the seventh Saturday prior to any regular or special election at which any officer or officers of the Village is or are to be elected. No person shall be nominated to any office in the Village unless the petition or petitions filed on his/her behalf for such office have been signed by not less than twenty-five (25) qualified electors of the Village. The petition or petitions filed for any candidate shall not contain more than thirty (30) signatures of qualified electors. Section 5. The Village clerk shall forthwith examine the petition or petitions filed for each candidate and if satisfied that the required number of electors have signed the same, he/she shall endorse thereon the word “APPROVED" with the date of filing the same; but should he/she find that the petition or petitions for any candidate do not contain the required number of names of the electors as herein provided, he/she shall immediately notify such candidates of the additional number of names of electors required. Section 6. When the petitions for nomination of any candidate shall be found to contain the required number of names of electors, the Village clerk shall forthwith notify the person therein placed in nomination. Any person, desiring to become a candidate for any elective office, shall on or before four o'clock P.M. of the

Fourteenth (14) day prior to such election, file with the clerk an acceptance of such nomination in substantially the following form: State of Michigan……) County of…………) 12

I, ................................... , being first duly sworn, say that I reside in the Village of Lennon, County of......... State of Michigan, that I am a qualified elector therein; that I accept nomination for the office of.............. to be voted upon at the election to be held on.......... the day of 19 , and that I possess the qualifications therefore, and I hereby request that my name be printed upon the official ballot for election to such office. Signed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subscribed and sworn to before me, a notary public on this ..................day of ....................... , 19...... .............................................................................. .......... Notary Public My commission expires; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . County, Michigan Section 7. All such petitions shall be open to public inspection after being filed in the office of the Village clerk, in accordance with such reasonable rules and regulations as shall be prescribed by him. Elections Section 8. Regular municipal elections shall be held for the Village of Lennon on the second Monday in March of each year for the election of officers of said Village in accordance with the provisions of this charter. Section 9. Special elections may, subject to the general laws of the State, be held at such times as the Council may by resolution determine, the purpose and object of which shall be set forth in the resolution calling such election. Section 10. Notice of the time and place of holding any election and of the officers to be elected and the questions to be voted upon, shall except as herein otherwise provided, be given by the clerk in the same manner and at the same times as provided in the state election laws for the giving of notices by Village clerks in state elections. Such notice of the election shall be posted in three (3) public places in the Village of Lennon, and a copy shall (15) be published in a newspaper in the Village, if any is published therein, at least two weeks prior and not more than four weeks before the election. The affidavit of the clerk as to such posting and publishing shall be conclusive proof thereof. Section 11. Election ballots shall be printed without any party mark, emblem, vignette, or designation whatever, on plain, substantial paper, and the same shall be printed, numbered, and the names of candidates transposed and alternated, in accordance with the provisions of the general laws of the state regulating the same at elections in this state. Beneath the names printed on the ballots for each office, there shall be printed one or more blank lines according to the number to be elected to such office, with squares to the left thereof, so that the elector may write or paste thereon the names of any person other than those printed thereon, and to vote such person by placing a cross in the square opposite his/her name. 13

Section 12. The ballot for officers shall be in substantially the following form:

OFFICIAL BALLOT Candidates for election to the Village offices of (naming offices to be filled) of the Village of Lennon at the election held on the……….day of………. 19.... (place a cross in the square opposite the names of the persons for whom you desire to vote.) FOR PRESIDENT Vote for one (List the names of candidates with a square at the left of each name.) FOR TRUSTEES Vote for (designate the number of trustees to be elected) (Here list the names of candidates with a square at the left of each name.) FOR CLERK Vote for one (Here list the names of candidates with a square at the left of each name.) FOR TREASURER Vote for one (Here list the names of candidates with a square at the left of each name.) FOR ASSESSOR Vote for one (Here list the names of candidates with a square at the left of each name.) Section 13. The Village clerk shall prepare all ballots for printing and copies of all ballots shall be on file in the office of the clerk at least ten (10) days before the election. The clerk shall cause to be delivered at each polling place prior to the time of the opening of the polls a number of ballots equal to at least one and one-fourth (l 1/4) times the number of registered electors in such polling precinct, and also all supplies, stationery, books, blanks and accessories necessary for the conduct of election. Section 14. Immediate upon the closing of the polls the board of election inspectors shall count 'the ballots and ascertain the number of votes cast for each of the candidates and upon each of the questions and propositions voted upon, and shall make immediate returns thereof to the Village clerk upon blanks to be furnished by the Village clerk. Section 15. A recount of the votes cast at any Village election for any office or upon any proposition may be had in accordance with the general election laws of the state. Section 16. The village Council shall convene at 8:00 o'clock P.M. on the first day other than a Sunday or Holiday, succeeding any regular or special election and shall canvass the results of such election, and shall determine the vote upon all questions and proposition and declare whether the same have been adopted or 14

rejected and what persons have been elected at such election to the several offices respectively. The person receiving the highest number of votes for any office shall be deemed to have been duly elected to that office. If more than one person is to be elected to any office then the persons, equal in number to the number to be elected for that office, receiving the highest number of votes for that office, shall be deemed to have been duly elected to that office. Section 17. If any person shall make a false oath or affidavit in connection with any matter required by this charter or shall violate any provision of this charter or shall knowing neglect or refuse to perform any duty herein prescribed, such person shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be punished as in this charter provided. Section 18. The inhabitants of the Village, having the qualifications of electors under the constitution and general laws of the state and no others, shall be electors therein. Every elector of the village who is registered in the Village registration book in accordance with the general laws of the state shall be entitled to vote at any election held under the provisions of this charter.

Section 19. The polls for all municipal elections shall be open at seven (7) o'clock A.M. of Election Day and until eight (8) o'clock P.M. of said day. Section 20. The council shall provide all necessary voting booths, equipment, ballot boxes and supplies for the conduct of all elections. Section 21. The general election laws of the state when applicable shall apply to all regular and special village elections, in relation to polling places and their equipment, inspectors and clerks of election and their appointment, powers and duties of all village officers, the conduct of elections and the manner of voting, assisted voters, absent voters, election returns, canvass by precinct inspectors, recounts and corrections of frauds and errors in return, and in general to all election matters whether the same be herein specifically enumerated or not; provided, that when there is a conflict between such general laws and this charter as to any matter which may be lawfully regulated by charter, then this provision of this charter shall control. Section 22. Inspectors and clerks of election shall be appointed by the Village Council and shall receive such compensation as shall be fixed by the Council. Section 23. The Village Council shall have power, and it shall be their duty to remove any inspector or clerk of election if in their judgment such inspector or clerk should be removed for the proper and efficient conduct or the election; to fill any vacancy in the office of inspector or clerk of election; and in general to perform such acts as election commissions in villages are authorized to perform. Section 24. If at any election of municipal officers there shall be no choice between candidates by reason of two or more candidates having received an equal number of votes, then the commission shall appoint a date for the appearance of such persons as have received tie votes, for the purpose of determining by lot among such persons the right of such office, and shall cause notice thereof to be given to all such persons interested, if such persons can be found. The general laws of the state for such determination in case of a tie vote for any county officer. In no case, however, shall the election of any person be determined by lot without first a recount of the votes cast at such election, if one of the persons receiving such tie vote shall demand such a recount. Section 25. No informalities in conducting a municipal election shall invalidate the same if such election shall be conducted in substantial conformity with the requirements of this charter. 15

CHAPTER V RECALL
Section 1. Any elective officer of the Village of Lennon may be removed by the qualified electors of the Village in accordance with the general laws of the state providing for recall of Village officials.

CHAPTER VI ORDINANCES
Section 1. The enacting clause of' all ordinances shall read "The Village of' Lennon ordains," but such caption may be omitted when said ordinances are published in book form by authority of' the Council. Each proposed ordinance shall be introduced in written or printed form. Section 2. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the Council shall have power by ordinance to amend or repeal any ordinance, in whole or in part. No ordinance shall be amended by reference to its title only, but the section or sections of' the ordinance to be amended shall be re-enacted at length. Any ordinance may be repealed by reference only to its number and title. Section 3. All ordinances shall be recorded in an indexed book marked "Ordinance Book" and the record of' each ordinance shall be authenticated by the signature of' the president and clerk. Such record and authentication shall be done promptly after the final passage of' the ordinance but failure to so record and authenticate any ordinance shall not invalidate it or suspend its operation. Within (1) week after the passage of any ordinance, the same shall be published in a newspaper printed in the Village, and if none is printed therein, in a. newspaper of general circulation within the Village, and copies of the ordinance shall, within the same time, be posted in three (3) of' the most public places in the Village; and the clerk shall, immediately after such publications and posting, enter in the record of' ordinances, in a blank space to be left for such purpose under the record of' ordinance, a certificate under his/her hand, stating the time and places of such publication and posting. Such certificate shall be prima facie evidence of the due publication and posting of' the ordinance. Section 4. The Council shall have authority to provide in any ordinance for the punishment of' those who violate the same, by a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars (100.00) or imprisonment for a period not exceeding ninety (90) days, or both, in the discretion of the court. Such imprisonment may be in the village prison, if any; in the County jail, or in any penal institution in the State authorized by law to receive prisoners from the Village. Section 6. Prosecution for violation of any ordinance of the Village shall be commenced within two years after the commission of the offense; provided that the limitation herein imposed shall not be construed as a limitation on the Village's right to forfeit any franchise, grant or license for violation of the terms and conditions thereof after said two year period. Section 7. In all judicial proceedings, it shall be sufficient to plead any ordinance by title and the number of applicable section or sections, and it shall not be necessary to set forth the entire ordinance or section in any pleadings. Section 8. Judicial notice shall be taken of the enactment, existence, provisions and continuing force of all ordinances of the village. 16

Section 9. Whenever it shall be necessary to prove any ordinance in any judicial proceedings, the same may be proved by a record thereof kept by the clerk, by a copy thereof duly certified as a true copy by the clerk, under the seal of the Village or from any volume purporting to have been published, printed and compiled by authority of the Council.

CHAPTER VII INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM
Section 1. Any ordinance which may legally be adopted by the Council of the Village of Lennon may be proposed by petition signed by a number of registered electors of the Village of Lennon equal in number to at least ten (10) percent of the number of registered electors in the Village as certified by the Village Clerk. Such petition shall be addressed to the Council and shall set forth at length the ordinance proposed to be enacted. With each signature attached thereto, there shall be given the street and house number of the residence of the elector so signing, and the date when such signature was attached. The petition may be signed on separate identical forms, but all signed counter-parts of the petition shall be filed with the Village clerk at one and the same time. An affidavit made by a registered elector of the Village shall be attached to each signed counterpart of the petition, which shall state that each signature appearing upon such counterpart is the genuine signature of the person of whom it purports to be, and that to the best of affiant's knowledge and belief, the signers whose names are attached thereto are registered electors of the Village of Lennon. Section 2. Said petition, when signed by the requisite number of registered electors, shall be filed with the Village clerk. Such clerk shall attach thereto a certificate, setting forth the name and address of the person or persons filing the said petition in his/her office and the date when said petition was filed. A copy of said petition, exclusive of signature, and of said certificate shall be entered in a record book to be kept for that purpose in the office of the Village clerk. Section 3. Within fifteen (15) days from the date of the filing of said petition with the Village clerk, it shall be the duty of such clerk to ascertain by comparison of said petition with the registration records of the Village of Lennon, whether or not such petition is signed by the requisite number of registered electors, and following such examination, the clerk shall attach to such petition his/her certificate showing the result of such examination. Section 4. If the certificate of the clerk so attached shows the petition to be insu fficient, he/she shall within ten (10) days cause notice in writing, setting forth the fact that such petition is found to be insufficient to be served upon at least one of the persons designated in the certificate attached by him/her to said petition as the persons who filed said petition in his/her office. Depositing the said notice in the United States mail, addressed to such person at the address shown on the certificate provided in Section 2 of this chapter, shall be deemed sufficient service. Additional signatures to such petitions properly verified as hereinbefore provided, may be filed with the clerk at any time within twenty (20) days from the date of the service of such notice. The Village clerk shall attach his/her certificate to such additional signed counterparts of the petition showing the date when the same were filed, and shall cause said certificate to be entered in the record book along with the original record of the petition and certificate. The clerk shall, within five (5) days after filing of such additional signatures, compare said signatures with the registration books and attach thereto his/her certificate 17

of the results. If the number of signatures is still known to be insufficient, or if no additional signatures are so filed, such petitions shall be deemed to be of no effect. A new petition for the same purpose, however, may be later filed. Section 5. When the petition shall be found by the Village clerk to be sufficient, he/she shall so certify to the Council at its next regular meeting. Section 6. If such petition shall be signed by the required number of registered electors of the Village, the Council shall, within twenty (20) days after the meeting at which such petition is submitted to it, either: (a.) Pass said ordinance without alteration subject to the referendum provided by this charter, or (b.) Reject said ordinance and submit the same without alteration of the vote of the qualified electors of the Village at the next regular or special election occurring not less than fifty (50) days from the date of such rejection by the Council; provided, however, that the Council may, by a five-sixths vote of the trustees, call a special election for the purpose of submitting such ordinance, the same to be held not less than fifty (50) days after the rejection of such ordinance by the Council. Section 7. Within thirty (30) days after the publication of any ordinance duly passed by the Council, a petition may be presented to the Council by filing the same with the clerk, protesting against such ordinance continuing in effect. Said petition shall contain the text of such ordinance and shall be signed by registered electors of the Village equal in number to at least ten (10) percent of the number of registered electors in the Village as certified by the Village clerk. Said ordinance shall thereupon and thereby be suspended from operation unless the Council shall, by unanimous vote of those present at its first meeting after the filing of said petition, declare that such ordinance is necessary for the immediate preservation of the public health, peace or safety. The Council shall immediately reconsider such ordinance and if the same be not repealed the Council shall submit the question of its approval or disapproval to a vote of the electors of the village at the next regular or special election occurring in not less than fifty (50) days; provided, that the Council, by a five-sixths vote if its members elect, may call a special election for the purpose of submitting said question, such lection to be held not less than fifty (50) days from the calling thereof. If a majority of the electors voting thereon at such election vote in favor thereof, said ordinance shall be deemed to have been approved and shall be in full force and effect, otherwise it shall be null and void. The procedure in regard to such petition of protest and referendum shall be the same as provided in this chapter for the initiative and referendum on a proposed ordinance with such modification as the nature of the case may require.

Section 8. The Council may, of its own motion, submit to a referendum for adoption or rejection at any regular or special election held in said village for any proposed ordinance, in the same manner and with the same force and effect as provided in this chapter for submission on petition. No such ordinance shall be submitted, however, at any election to be held less than fifty (50) days from the date of the meeting of the Council at which such ordinance is ordered submitted. Section 9. If the provisions of two or more proposed ordinances adopted or approved at the same election are inconsistent, then the ordinance receiving the highest affirmative vote shall prevail. Section 10. Whenever any ordinance is submitted to the voters of the Village at any election, the Council shall cause such ordinance to be published by inserting the same in full at least once in a newspaper of general circulation in the Village or published by posting the same in ten (10) conspicuous places in the Village, such publication to be made not less than ten (10) days before such election. 18

Section 11. The ballot or ballot labels used when voting upon such ordinance shall be provided in accordance with law, and shall state the nature of the ordinance in terms sufficient to identify it. If a majority of the qualified electors voting on the proposed ordinance shall vote in favor thereof, the same shall thereupon become an ordinance of the Village. Section 12. An ordinance adopted by the electors through initiatory proceedings may not be amended or repealed by the Council for one year after the date of the election at which it was adopted. An ordinance repealed by the electors may not be re-enacted by the Council for one year after the date of the election at which it was repealed. Section 13. In computing the number of signers to any petition provided for in this chapter, no signature shall be counted which was affixed thereto more than sixty (60) days prior to the filing of such petition with the Village clerk.

CHAPTER VIII CONTRACTS
Section 1. No contract shall be entered into by the Village for the making of any public improvement or for the purchase of any materials, tools, apparatus or any other thing or things, the consideration or cost of which shall exceed two hundred fifty ($250.00) dollars, until specifications shall be prepared there or, and published advertisement made for sealed proposals thereon; provided, however, that by a vote of two-thirds of the members of the council-elect, such contracts may be made without advertisement, the consideration or which shall not exceed five hundred ($500.00) dollars. The Village shall have the right to reject any or all such proposals. Section 2. Subject to the provisions of the charter, the village may through its departments, officers and employees perform public work of all kinds or it may let any of such work by contract. The Village shall not, however, undertake cost of five hundred ($500.00) dollars, until it has first advertised for sealed proposals therefore. Section 3. No public improvement, costing more than five hundred ($500.00) dollars, shall be contracted for or commenced until drawings, profiles and estimates or same shall have been submitted to the Council and approve by it; and the same or a copy thereof shall thereafter remain on file in the office of the clerk subject to inspection of the public. Section 4. No member of the Council shall vote for the authorization of any contract with or for the Village, or for the expenditure of any money on the part of the Village, if he/she shall be financially interested in the proceeds of such contract or in the money so expended.

CHAPTER IX
19

GENERAL FINANCE, VILIAGE BUDGET AND FUNDS
Section 1. The fiscal year of the Village shall begin on the 1st day of July each year. Section 2. The Village treasure shall be the general accountant of the Village and shall keep a complete set of accounts showing the financial transactions of the Village, which accounts shall conform to any uniform system required by law. The Village treasurer shall receive and disburse all moneys belonging to the Village and shall keep an accurate detailed account of all money received and disbursed by him/her and the particular fund into which or from which said is paid. He/she shall payout no money except upon warrant issue as in this charter provided. He/she shall at least once every three months and oftener if required, furnish the Council with a statement showing all cash on hand and in the bank at the beginning of the preceding period, the receipts and disbursements for the preceding period, and the cash and bank balances at the end of the preceding period and the condition of the several funds of the Village. He/she shall make such other reports as the Council may require. Section 3. No money shall be drawn from the treasury except upon the warrant of the clerk countersigned by the president. Every warrant shall specify the fund from which it is payable and shall be paid from no other fund. No warrant shall be drawn upon the treasury after the fund from which it should be paid has been exhausted and if any such warrant shall be drawn it shall be void. No warrants shall be issued until the same have first been authorized by the Council; provided, however, that warrants may be issued for the payment of labor and current expenses with the prior authorization of the Council, if authorized by the president, but the total amount of such warrants issued between any successive regular meeting of the Council shall not exceed such as amount as the Council shall from time to time established. All liquidated accounts and demands against the Village shall be received and audited by the treasurer who shall enumerate them on a regular form prescribed by the Council. The treasurer shall certify to the Council as to the correctness or incorrectness of the various amounts on such list. The Council shall authorize the issuance of warrants on the treasury for the payment of such items as shall be approved by it. Section 4. All taxes accruing to the Village shall be collected by the Village treasurer. All moneys received by any officer or employee of the Village for or in connection with the business of the Village shall be paid promptly into the Village treasury, and shall be deposited by the treasurer with such responsible banking institutions as may be designated by the Council and furnish such security as the Council may determine, and all interest on such deposits shall accrue to the benefit of the Village. The Council shall provide for the prompt and regular payment and deposit of all Village moneys as required by this section. Section 5. All fees received by any office or employee in his/her official capacity shall belong to the Village accept as in this charter otherwise provided and except also where it is otherwise provided in the resolution or ordinance fixing the salary of any officer or employee. Section 6. The revenues raised by general taxation upon all property in the Village or by loan to be repaid by such tax, shall be divided into such and so many funds as the Council may by ordinance or resolution determine. Section 7. Within two weeks next preceding any annual Village election, the Council shall make out or have made out a statement in detail of the receipts and expenditures of the corporation during the preceding fiscal year, which statement shall distinct show the amount of all taxes raised during the year for all purposes, and the amount raised for each fund; the items and amounts received from all other sources during the year and the objects thereof, classifying the same for each purpose separate ; and such other information as shall be necessary to a full understanding of the financial concerns of the Village. Said statement shall be signed by the president and the clerk and shall be filed in the office of the clerk. 20

Section 8. On or before the 3rd Monday of April of each year, the Council shall prepare and file a proposed annual budget for the ensuing fiscal year, based upon detailed estimates furnished by the several Village officers according to a classification as near uniform as possible. The Council shall also prepare the following information: (a.) A comparative statement, in parallel columns, of the appropriation and expenditures for the current and next preceding fiscal year and the increases and decreases in the appropriation recommended; (b.) An itemized statement of the taxes required and of the estimated revenue of the Village from all other sources, for the ensuing fiscal year, with comparative statement in parallel columns of the taxes and other revenues for the current and next preceding fiscal year, and of the increases and decreases estimated or proposed. Summaries of such budget shall be published one week on advance of a public hearing which shall be held by the Council before adopting the same.

Section 9. Not later than the last day of the meeting the board of review in each year, the Council shall pass an annual appropriation resolution, which shall be based on the budget as approved by the Council. The total amount of appropriation shall not exceed the revenues of the Village as estimated by the Council. No liabilities shall be incurred by any officer or employee of the Village, except in accordance with the provisions of the annual appropriation resolution, or under continuing contracts and leans authorized under provisions of this charter. At any meeting after the passage of the appropriation resolution and after at least one week's notice to the members of the Council, the Council may amend such resolution so as to authorize the transfer of unused balances appropriated for one purpose to another purpose, or to appropriate available revenues of a class not included in the annual budget. Section 10. If for any cause there shall be at the end of any fiscal year a surplus in any current expense fund, such surplus may be transferred to such other fund as the Council may deem advisable. Section 11. The Council, subject to the applicable provision of law, may authorize the borrowing of money in anticipation of the payment of special assessments made for the purpose of the construction or improvement of highways, streets and alleys within the Village. Special assessment bonds shall be an obligation of the special assessment district except that the portion of a special assessment district which is of general benefit to the community may be supported by general obligation bonds together with special assessment bonds supported by an assessment on those properties which are specifically benefited. All collections on each special assessment roll, to the extent that the same are pledged for the payment of the principal of, and interest on, bonds issued in anticipation of the payment thereof, shall be set apart in a separate fund for the payment of such principal and interest and shall be used for no other purpose.

CHAPTER X GENERAL ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION
Section 1. The Village assessor shall on or before the first of May of each year, make an assessment roll of all persons and property liable to taxation in the Village, and in so doing, unless otherwise provided in this charter, he/she shall conform to and be governed by the provisions of the general laws of the State governing assessing officers performing like duties in the assessment of persons and property for state, county and school taxes. 21

Section 2. The subjects of taxation for municipal purposes shall be the same as for state, county and school purposes under the general laws of the State. Section 3. The board of review shall meet for the purpose of reviewing and correcting said assessment roll, at a designated place in the Village on the third Saturday of May of each year and shall continue in session between the hours of 9A.M. and 8 P.M. It shall elect a chairman and a clerk. A majority shall constitute a quorum. The members of said board shall take the constitutional oath of office which shall be filed with the Village clerk. For the purpose of reviewing and correcting such assessments, the board of review shall have the same powers and perform like duties in all respects, as are by the general tax law conferred upon and required of boards of review, in townships, in reviewing assessments in townships for state and county taxes. They shall hear the complaints of all persons considering themselves aggrieved by such assessment, and if it shall appear that any persons has been wrongfully assessed, or omitted from the roll, the board shall correct the roll in such manner as they deem just. Section 4. The clerk of the board of review shall keep a record of all proceedings of the board and of all changes made in the roll, and shall sign and file the same with the Village clerk, together with statement made by persons assessed. Section 5. The Village assessor shall on or before the first day of May of each year mail to each taxpayer at his/her last known address, a notice of the meeting of the said board of review stating the time and place of meeting. Such notice shall also contain a statement showing the assessment on all property owned or on which taxes are paid by such taxpayer. In addition to such notice, further notice shall be given of such meeting by posting said notice, in six (6) public places in the Village, not less than seven {7) days before the day of review and by publishing such notice once in a newspaper in circulation within the Village, at least seven (7) days before the day of review. Failure to give any of the notices herein specified shall not invalidate the assessment roll or any assessment therein contained.

Section 6. Immediately after the review of the assessment roll as aforesaid, the chairman and clerk of the board of review shall endorse the roll as provided by the general tax laws. The omission of such endorsement shall not affect the validity of such roll. Upon the completion of said roll and its endorsement in the manner aforesaid, the same shall be conclusively presumed by all courts and tribunals to be valid, and shall not be set aside except for such cause as are provided in the general laws of the state for the setting aside of assessment rolls for state, county and school purposes. Section 7. Subject to the provisions of this charter and the statutes of the state, the Council shall levy such taxes each year as be necessary to meet the appropriations made (less the estimate of the amount of revenue from other sources) and all sums required by law to be raised on account of the Village debt. Section 8. The Council shall have the authority within the limits herein prescribed, to raise annually, by taxation such sums of money as be necessary to defray the expenses and the liabilities of the Village and to carry into effect the powers in this charter granted. Section 9. The aggregate amount which the Council may raise by a general tax upon the taxable real and personal property in the Village, shall not exceed in any one year two percent of the assessed value of all real property in the Village, as fixed by the assessment roll of the year in which the tax is levied. Section 10. The Village clerk shall certify to the Village assessor the total amount which the Council determines shall be raised by general tax. 22

Section 11. After the endorsement of the assessment roll by the chairman, and clerk of the board of review, and upon receiving the said certificate of the several amounts to be raised, as provided in the preceding section, the assessor shall proceed to assess the amount of the general village tax according and in proportion to the several valuations set forth in said assessment roll. Said roll shall be known as the "Village Tax Roll". Section 12. After extending the taxes as foresaid, the assessor shall certify under his/her hand said tax roll, and the president of the Village shall annex his/her warrant thereto, directing and requiring the treasurer to collect from the several persons named in said roll the several sums mentioned therein opposite their respective names as a tax or assessment, and authorizing his/her, in case any person named therein shall neglect or refuse to pay such sums, to levy the same by distress and sale of his/her or their goods and chattels, together with the costs and charges of such distress and sale. Said warrant shall further direct that all taxes paid on or before the31st day of August of the same year,

shall be collected without additional charge, and that there shall be added to all taxes paid after each 31st day of August, one percent for each and every month or fraction thereof that the same remains unpaid. The assessor shall also prepare a true copy of said Village tax roll and the President shall execute a duplicate of said warrant, and annex the same there to, said roll to be known as the "duplicate Village Tax Roll." Said Village Tax roll and annexed warrant, and said duplicate tax roll and annexed warrant shall be delivered by the assessor to the treasurer on or before the first day of July of the year when made. In the event said tax roll shall be lost or destroyed a new roll and warrant may be made. Before the original tax roll is deposited with the county treasurer at the time of returning delinquent taxes, the village treasurer shall endorse upon the duplicate tax roll all payments made on taxes assessed therein and such duplicate tax roll shall thereupon became the official record of the Village. Section 13. Village taxes shall be due on the first day of July of the year when levied and shall be payable as stated in the warrant of the president annexed to said roll. After the delivery of the tax roll to the Village treasurer, said treasurer shall mail tax statements to the several persons named therein. Failure to mail or receive any such statement shall not excuse the nonpayment of any tax. . Section 14. The Village taxes when assessed shall become at once a debt of the Village from the person to whom they are assessed, and the amounts assessed on any interest in real property shall on the first day of July of the year when assessed, become a lien upon such real property, and the lien for such amounts for all interest and charges shall continue until payment thereof. And all personal taxes shall also be a first lien on all personal property of such persons so assessed, from and after the first day of July of the year when assessed, and shall so remain until paid, which said lien shall take precedence over all other claims, encumbrances, and liens upon said personal property whatsoever, whether created by chattel mortgage, execution, levy, judgement or otherwise, and whether arising before or after the assessment of said personal taxes, and no transfer of personal property assessed for taxes thereon shall operate to divest or destroy such lien, except where such personal property is actually sold in the regular course of retail trade. Section 15. If the treasurer has been unable to collect any of the Village taxes on said roll on real property before the first day of March following the date when said roll was received by him/her, then it shall be his/her duty to return all such unpaid taxes on real property to the county treasurer in the same manner and with the like effect as returns by township treasurers of state and county taxes. Such returns shall include all the additional charges hereinbefore provided, which charges shall in such return be added to the amount assesses in said roll against each description. The taxes thus returned shall be collected in the same manner as other taxes returned to such county treasurer are collected under the provisions of the general laws of the state, arid the same rate of interest and all charges shall be collected thereon, and all taxes upon land so returned as delinquent shall be and remain a lien thereon until paid. 23

Section 16. It shall be the duty of the Village treasurer, upon request made by a party, to issue his/her certificate showing all unpaid taxes, and other charges which are a lien upon any specified property, and which are payable at his/her office, and he/she may upon being authorized by the Village Council charge the party requesting the same such sum as the Council shall establish for each parcel. The issuance of such certificate shall not create any liability upon the part of the Village or Village treasurer except that in event of fraud in the part of the Village treasurer in the issuance thereto he/she shall be liable therefore. Section 17. The Village clerk, after the Council has determined the several amounts which they require to be raised by general tax for the several funds of the Village, and the aggregate thereof shall certify the same to the Village treasurer. When such general taxes shall be, received by the treasurer they shall be apportioned to the several funds if the Village pro tata according to the several amounts of said funds so certified. Section 18. Money may be borrowed in anticipation of receipts from taxes for payment of current expenses or to fund deficiencies in current revenue, by the issue of notes but the aggregate amount of such loans at any time outstanding shall not exceed the total of such unpaid taxes outstanding. All such loans shall be subject to the provisions of the laws of the state in relation thereto. No temporary loans authorized by this section shall be made without approval of four of the members of the Council.

CHAPTER XI STREETS AND SIDEWALKS
Section 1. The Council shall have supervision and control of all public highways, streets, alleys, sidewalks and public grounds within the Village, and may regulate the use thereof, subject to the established rights of the public therein. Section 2. The Council shall have the power to construct, improve and maintain highways, streets, sidewalks, and alleys within the Village, and shall have the authority to lay out, establish, open, widen, extend, straighten, alter, close, vacate, or abolish any highway, street, or alley within the village whenever they shall deem the same a public improvement. Section 3. The cost of all construction, improvement and maintenance of highways, streets and alleys within the Village shall be paid for in accordance with the general laws of the state governing the construction, improvement and maintenance of highways, streets and alleys within the Village. In addition, the Council may determine that the whole, or any part, of the cost if the construction or improvement of highways, streets and alleys within the Village shall be defrayed by special assessment upon the property especially benefited. The Council shall be general ordinance prescribe a complete special assessment procedure. Section 4. The Council shall have the authority to determine and establish the grade of all highways, streets, alleys, sidewalks, and public grounds within the Village, and may change any such established grades whenever in their opinion the public convenience will be promoted thereby. Whenever any such established grade is changed, however, and an adjoining property owner had previously made improvements in conformity to the established grade, such property owner shall be compensated for all damages reasonably resulting from the change in grade and the damages shall be paid by the Village and shall not be assessed against property owners benefiting from the change in grade. 24

CHAPTER XII FRANCHISES
Section 1. The Village shall not grant a franchise for the operation of any public utility within the Village limits other than for electric service, telephone service, gas service, or public transportation, unless the same shall first have been approved by two-thirds of the electors voting thereon at a general or special election. Section 2. No franchise which is not revocable at the will of the Village shall be granted or become operative until approved by two thirds of the electors voting thereon at a general or special election. Section 3. No franchise shall be granted for a longer period than thirty (30) years. Section 4. No person, firm or corporation shall ever be granted an exclusive franchise. Section 5. No public utility shall have the right to the use of the highways, streets, alleys or other public places for wires, poles, pipes, tracks, conduits, or the like without first obtaining a proper permit from the Council, which permit shall be revocable at any time. Section 6. All contracts granting, renewing, extending or amending a franchise shall be made by ordinance and not otherwise, and shall not be effective until a written acceptance is filed by the grantee with the Village clerk. Section 7. The grant of every franchise shall be subject to the fight of the Village to make and enforce all regulations which shall be necessary to secure adequate and efficient service from all public utilities operating in the Village, and to protect the health, safety and welfare of the public.

CHAPTER XIII PLANNING AND PLATS
Section 1. Within thirty days after adoption of this charter, the Council shall adopt an ordinance creating, under Michigan Public Acts 285 of 1931 as amended, a village planning commission which shall serve without compensation. Until such time as said ordinance is adopted and the planning commission appointed, no lands or premises shall hereafter be laid out, divided or platted into lots, streets and alleys, within the Village, until such plats are approved in writing by the Council. No plat shall be approved by the Council unless it conforms to the Shiawassee County Zoning Code or such zoning ordinance of the Village of Lennon as may supersede the same.

CHAPTER XIV MAINTENANCE OF VILLAGE UTILITIES
Public sewers, drains, lighting and water systems or supplies shall not be constructed, provided, or maintained, unless the proposed sewers, drains, lighting systems or supplies shall first have been approved by two-thirds of the electors voting at a general election.

CHAPTER XV
25

INTERIM LEGISLATION
The valid provisions of all by-laws, ordinances, resolutions, rules and regulations of the Township of Venice and the counties of Shiawassee and Genesee which are not inconsistent with this charter and which are in force and effect and lawfully applicable to the territory of the Village of Lennon at the time of the effective date of this charter shall continue in full force and effect and be administered by and for the Village until and unless repealed or amended under provisions hereof or otherwise by law; provided, however, that if any such by-laws, ordinances, resolution, rule or regulation provides for the appointment by the township board or supervisor or any officer or member of a board or commission, future appointments of such persons shall be made by the Council. Fees originally payable to the township under such provisions as to said territory hereafter shall be paid to the Village of Lennon. Any reference in any such by-law, ordinance, resolution, rule or regulation to a Township Board or Commission shall be construed to refer instead to the Village Council. Within thirty (30) days after the effective date hereof, the clerk under direction of the Council shall procure, and enter and maintain in a record called "Interim Legislation," a copy of each existing township law, ordinance, resolution, rule and regulation disclosed by the public records of the township; and the Council shall, within sixty (60) days after such entry, determine by resolution the provisions thereof which apply to said territory under authority of this section. The application of such provisions to this Village shall terminate not later than February 1, 1973. In the interim, as a substitute for such township provisions, the Council shall enact whatever it deems necessary as Village legislation, with notices and hearing thereon as required by this charter.

CHAPTER XVI MISCELLANEOUS
Section 1. Whenever used in this charter, the word "state" shall mean the "state of Michigan", the word "Village" shall mean the "Village of Lennon". the word "Clerk" shall mean the village clerk unless from the context the contrary shall plainly appear; words referring to the several officers where not preceded by the word "Village" shall be deemed to mean such officers of the village unless the context implies otherwise; the word "resolution" shall be deemed to include official action in form or a motion as well as in form of resolution; the terms "commission" and "village commission" shall be construed as meaning" Council" or "common council" for the purpose of such general laws of the state as use one or the other of such latter terms in referring to the legislative body of the village; words imparting the singular number only, may extend to and embrace the plural number and words imparting the plural number may be applied and limited to the singular number, words imparting the masculine gender only, may extend and be applied to those of feminine gender. Section 2. Eastern Standard Time shall be the official time of the village until otherwise changed by the Council. Any references herein to time shall be construed to be according to the official time of the village. Section 3. Words purporting to give joint authority to two or more public officers or others either as a board or other wise shall be construed as giving such authority to a majority of such officers or other persons unless it shall be otherwise expressly declared. Section 4. The word "person" may extend and be applied to bodies corporate as well as individuals. The words "written" and "in writing" may be construed to include printing, engraving, typewritten and lithographing, 26

except that this rule shall not apply to provisions requiring written signatures, unless it be otherwise expressly herein provided. Section 5. Should any portion of this charter be declared void, illegal, or unconstitutional, such finding shall not invalidate the remainder if the charter. Section 6. All records of the Village shall be public and open to inspection at all reasonable times. Section 7. All books, papers, records, and accounts of any officer elected or any office or department of the village, shall be the property of the Village and shall at all times be subject to audit, examination or inspection of any member of the Council, or by any person employee or designated by the Council for that Purpose. And all such books, papers, records, files and accounts shall be kept in such place as may be designated by the Council. Section 8. When, by the provisions of this charter, or the laws of the state, notice of any matter or proceedings is required to be published in a newspaper or posted, an affidavit of the publication or posting of the same, made by the printer of the newspaper in which the same was inserted, or by some person in his/her employ knowing the facts, if such notice was required to be by publication in a newspaper, or by the person posting the same when required to be by posting, shall be prima facie evidence of the fact therein contained. Such affidavit of publication or posting shall be filed with the village clerk. Section 9. The Village clerk shall not be liable for unliquidated damages for persons or other injuries, unless the person suffering the injury or sustaining the damage, or someone in his/her behalf, shall serve a notice in writing upon the Village within sixty (60) days after such injury shall have occurred. Such notice shall specify the location and the nature of the defect or other basis of the claim, the injury sustained and the name of the witnesses to the accident which are known at that time and in the manner specified herein shall exonerate, excuse and exempt the Village from any and all liability on account of such injury. Service of all notices of claims for unliquidated damages against the Village shall be made on the president or clerk. Section 10. Until otherwise changed by the Council, the seal of the Village of Lennon shall be circular form with the words "Village of Lennon, Michigan, 1972" around the outer edge and the words "Corporate Seal" across the center. Section 11. All offenses in this charter shall be punishable by a fine not exceeding one hundred (100.00) dollars or imprisonment for a period not exceeding ninety days or both in the discretion of the court, and the court may provide in any case that in event that the fine shall not be paid, the offender shall be imprisoned until the payment thereof, provided, that no person shall be imprisoned for a single violation for a longer period than ninety days. Section 12. Amendments to this charter shall be initiated and submitted to the electors of the Village in a manner provided by the law of the state. For the adoption of any amendment to this charter or for the adoption of any revision thereof it shall require the favorable vote of two-thirds of the electors voting thereon at the election at which the same shall be submitted.

CHAPTER XVIII SUBMISSION AND ELECTION
Section 1. This charter shall be submitted to the electors of the Village of Lennon for their approval or rejection 27

at an election to be held on Tuesday, December 4 1972, at which election the several elective village officers provided for in this charter shall also be elected. Section 2. Prior to the submission of this charter it shall be published once in a newspaper published in the County of Shiawassee and/or the County of Genesee and circulated in the Village of Lennon, not less than two weeks, nor more than four weeks preceding said election, together with a notice of said election, which notice shall state that at said election the question of adopting said proposed charter will be voted on, and the elective officers provided for therein will be elected, and shall also state the location of the polling place for such election and other matters required by law. Notice of said election shall also be posted in at least ten (10) public places within the Village not less than two weeks prior to said election. Section 3. Candidates for the several elective village offices provided for in this charter shall be nominated by petition signed by not less than twenty (20) and not more than thirty (30) qualified electors of the Village and filed with the secretary of this charter commission on or before twelve o'clock, noon, Eastern Standard Time, on the 4th of December, 1972. Such petitions shall be in substantially the form provided in chapter IV for nominating petitions. At the said election, the names of candidates and those only, who have filed nominating petitions as aforesaid, shall be printed on the ballot. Section 4. The election district for said election shall be the entire Village of Lennon, and the polling place for said election shall be designated by this charter commission and published as herein before provided. Section 5. The ballots for elective officers at said election shall be in the form provided for in this charter for the election of officers, and the form of the ballot on the question of the adoption or rejection of this charter shall be substantially as follows on next page.

OFFICIAL BALLOT
Election held in Village of Lennon, Michigan on December 4, 1972 (Instructions: A cross (X) in the square after the word "Yes" is in the favor of the charter, and a cross (X) in the square after the word "No" is against the charter) "Shall the proposed charter for the Village of Lennon, drafted by the charter commission, elected on the 17th of April 1972 be adopted?" Yes ( ) No ( ) Section 6. The polls for said election shall be opened at 7:00 o'clock in the forenoon, Eastern Standard Time, or as soon thereafter as may be, and shall be continued open until 8:00 o'clock in the afternoon, Eastern Standard Time, of the same day. Said election shall be conducted by such inspectors and clerks as shall be hereafter designated by the resolution of this charter commission. The votes cast at said election shall be canvassed by a canvassing board of three electors to be hereafter designated by a resolution of this charter commission. Section 7. The registration of electors shall be conducted in the manner provided by law for registration of new villages. The secretary of this charter commission shall cause the ballots for said election to be printed and delivered to the polling place before the opening of the polls on said Election Day. The returns of the election board as to the results of said election shall be made to the canvassing board designated by this charter commission, immediately after the counting of the ballots is completed. Except 28

as in this charter and in the general laws of the state otherwise provided, and except as may be otherwise provided by this charter commission within the scope of its powers, said election shall be conducted as is provided in chapter IV of this charter so far as the provision of said chapter are applicable. Section 8. The canvassing board appointed to canvass the votes cast at said election to be held on December 4, 1972, shall as soon as practicable after said election meet and canvass the votes cast at said election and determine the result. Section 9. If this charter be approved at said election, then two printed copies thereof, with the vote for and against the same, duly certified by the Village clerk, shall within thirty (30) days after the vote is taken be filed with each the secretary of state, the county clerk of Genesee county, and the county clerk of Shiawassee County, and upon the filing thereof this charter shall become effective.

29

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Google

...I am writing the publisher because I want to try and convince our community that heroes are all around the world and show their powers in different ways. Ohhh… and I’m not talking about NO ordinary superheroes that have all these magical powers; I’m talking about the heroes that simple just uses pure wisdom to influence the ones around them. This story will show the world that there are heroes out there in all different shapes and sizes. And, as far as the story goes, here are the ideas behind my story, so here we go: Way up high in the majestical forests, in the mountain of Emei, in China lives the Somaki people, who had the most inspirational/wise man that ever set foot on the lands called Mr. Morrison. For the people call their village the Spiritual Oracle because of Mr. Morrison; who takes on the form of a monk because of his vibrant white beard and bald head, the fact that he wears glasses and is as short (5’2 to be exact), his face looks as though it is wrinkled in certain areas giving him the effect of audacity allowing him to have the appearance of wisdom. He looks as though he is homeless, but don’t let this fool the reader because even though the cloths are tore up and dirty, he believes these clothes are what gave him the wisdom/ inspirational powers, so he has never changed them; and, even though the clothes are tattered the orange and yellow within the fabric stick out like a sore thumb. He also uses a wood cane that is made from ancient...

Words: 890 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Compare/Contrast

...When Is It Acceptable to be Yourself? Have you ever felt alone? Just looking for something or somebody to be there for you when you need it most? What happens when nobody is there, forcing you to hold all of your feelings in? In “The Secret Society of Starving” by Mim Udovitch, young girls with severe eating disorders talk about the secret world of the online pro-anorexia (“pro-ana”) community, where they truly express themselves and sometimes even encourage each other’s problems. Likewise, in the essay “Can You Tell the Truth in a Small Town?”, writers struggle to put their true words down on paper, knowing the secrets they share could result in their excommunication from the only community they know, causing an even greater sense of being alone. Both “The Secret Society of Starving” and “Can You Tell the Truth in a Small Town?” shine a light on the different lifestyles of two separate societies and how they both hide who they really are from the rest of the world, causing a sense of growing isolation within the members of each group. The members of the communities from both essays hide their true feelings from the people closest to them, including their family and friends. From “The Secret Society of Starving”, members of the pro-ana community hide behind the internet and submerge themselves into a virtual world of chat rooms and blogs where they can (anonymously) state their true most personal feelings. On page 111 one pro-ana girl states, “they know exactly what I’m going...

Words: 1041 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Citylife

...exhibitions. Countrymen cannot go to the museums or theaters, because many villages are situated far from cities .A further advantage of cities is a wide variety of public transport and it is very easy to get anywhere. Practically in every city there is a metro, the fastest mean of public transport, and people do not spend a lot of their time in traffic jams. As for a village there is no public transport at all and it is very difficult to get anywhere. One more advantage of city life is modern conveniences. In modern cities people have no problems with water .But in villages people face with a problem of lack of water, they cannot use running water all day long. In big cities it is very easy to take care of health, a lot of medical centers and hospitals are situated in every city, and high-qualified specialists will help people even in the most awful situation . As a rule there are no good hospitals in villages and medical services in the countries leave much to be desired. Of course, every big city has disadvantages. For example, air pollution. Every day numerous enterprises emit tones of harmful substances and to breath is often a real threat to people’s health. There is no greenery in big cities. In villages people very close to the nature, they can spent a lot of time at the street and enjoy picturesque landscapes. The cost of living in big cities is very high, most goods are very expensive. However, in villages people have their own fresh products....

Words: 440 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Sada

...71 buried in landslides in Negros Oriental Army soldiers used picks, shovels and chainsaws in a race against time to rescue at least 71 people buried in landslides that covered 80 houses in two barangays (villages) in Guihulngan City and the adjacent La Libertad town, both in Negros Oriental. President Benigno Aquino III will visit Dumaguete City, one of the areas affected by the temblor, on Wednesday, his 52nd birthday, Malacañang announced. “(The President) will inspect damaged areas and meet with our countrymen affected by the calamity, as well as with the government workers who are providing much needed relief operations on the ground,” his spokesperson, Edwin Lacierda, said. The number of victims of Monday’s 6.9-magnitude earthquake could still go up as some 90 houses were buried in Barangay Solinggon in La Libertad and in Sitio (sub-village) Moog, Barangay Planas in Guihulngan City. Eighty others were injured. At least 45 people were confirmed dead—28 in Guihulngan, 10 in La Libertad, three in Jimalalud town, two in Tayasan town and two in Bindoy town, officials said. In Moog, 29 houses were buried 6 meters (20 feet) deep when a portion of the mountain fell over the mountainside neighborhood during the temblor. Available tools More than 70 soldiers belonging to the 11th Infantry Battalion had to stop digging the soft ground during aftershocks for fear of another landslide. “But they try to dig and look for survivors,” said Colonel Francisco Patrimonio, commanding...

Words: 369 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

The Beach - Newspaper Article

...The Beach (Newspaper article written by a former utopian) I once discovered utopia. I saw it, I lived it, and I left it. All men and women strive for the perfect life, the perfect place, utopia. But my visit to this place made me realize, that the dream of utopia is unrealistic, and unreachable. I arrived as many other tourists in Thailand. Bangkok to be exact. I immediately began looking for at hotel room, and I quickly found one. I got a small room, and everything was good. Until .... Until another guest started talking loudly, and smoking weed in his room. To further explain, the rooms were all separated by a thin wall and a mosquito net. I was able to hear and smell him clearly in my room. I decided to ignore him, until he looked though the mosquito net straight into my room. He began talking to me about all of these crazy things. After some minutes of conversation, everything settled back down, and i went to sleep. The next day I went out to get breakfast. When i got back to my room, someone had slit a map under my door. I was really curios and started studying the map. Until I realized who had given me the map. I decided to pay the nuthead from yesterday a visit. I knocked on the door, but the door was not locked, and opened as I knocked on it. I walked in, and I saw him lay beside the bed, dead. As police investigation began, I began talking to this French couple, Etienne and Francoise. I don’t know why, but I decided to tell them about the map. They were...

Words: 1003 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Societal Norms vs. Change

...apply these things to their own lives. Communities are simply afraid of change and afraid of the way it may affect their ways of living for the worst. Change will always affect different people and communities differently, whether it is positively or negatively. Following old traditions within small communities has both costs and benefits. The question is whether or not change could overcome both the benefits and costs of following old traditions within the community. According to Nancy Scheper-Hughes, an anthropologist and the author of The Anthropological Looking Glass, communities, such as small villages from Ireland like Ballybran, need to accept change to be able to learn the more modern ways of looking at situations. Scheper-Hughes critiques the Irish villager’s ways of living and, whether or not she actually noticed, compares this village to American way of living. Villages such as Ballybran may have a different way of living, but this does not necessarily mean it should be looked at as uncivilized or the wrong way, though change may have been a wise choice for the villagers, which Scheper-Hughes was trying to imply. Furthermore, Maxine Hong Kingston, the author of No Name Woman, emphasizes on the risks and effects of change when born into such a strict community such as a woman born into Chinese customs and their role within the family. Kingston provides background on the costs and benefits of change and whether change is ever worth it or paid off in the end. The big issue...

Words: 1891 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

If I Were Mayor

...If I were the Mayor of Burleson Essay By Abby Seamster If I were the Mayor of Burleson, I would take every advantage of it. Being the Mayor comes with great authority and also great responsibility and I would use both of these traits in order to achieve my goals. To start off, if I were mayor I would try to focus on and improve the marketing, advertisement, and publication concerning community wide events and fundraisers. I would work to help reach out to the youth of Burleson so that our generation can become more involved with our community at a younger age. Getting the teenagers and children to participate in community events is vital to contributing to the major goals of our community and to helping Burleson thrive and grow. In addition to connecting the youth to the community, I would also pass an ordinance to raise fines for littering across our town. In continuing to unite the community of Burleson, keeping this city beautiful plays a major part. Littering is just one way in which our town becomes less unified, so I would fight to stop this disrespect of our city. I would also try to organize more money into a budget for making our city more beautiful. This budget would cover more landscaping and maintenance projects across the community. Another thing I would do as mayor would be to set aside more money in our budget to go towards our city’s drug awareness program. It is sad heart-breaking and devastating to see so many of our promising teenagers and young adults...

Words: 380 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Community Greening

...Greening Community Rosanna Khosho CM220: College Composition December 14, 2013 Community Greening will help out communities in all cities, because Community gardens can plan an important role in child development, a garden can teach children how food is grown and what it looks like before arriving at the checkout counter, and it can save our cities quite a bit of money. These are just a few reasons for urban areas and communities to start Community Gardens. Community Gardens provides places for children to play and learn. Community Gardens and green spaces can play an important role in child development. A garden can teach children how food is grown and what it looks like before arriving at the checkout counter. Children will have a better idea on how food is grown and where it comes from. Children will also learn how to grow a garden and it will keep our children out of the house from playing with their video games and watching television, keeping our kids busy with helping out in the community is an amazing thing. Community Greening can help feed people and save money. Community gardens produce food worth hundreds of dollars. This food and financial savings can be critically important to the nutritional and financial health of families living on low incomes or in neighborhoods poorly served by grocery stores. Community gardens are a source of food for the homeless in some cities, and the community garden plot can also be the first step toward self-sufficiency...

Words: 408 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

A Fall Before Rising: the Story of Jai Jaikumar (a)

...Harvard Business School 9-600-047 March 3, 2000 A FALL BEFORE RISING: THE STORY OF JAI JAIKUMAR (A) D 434. It would seem almost as though there were a cordon drawn round the upper part of these great peaks beyond which no man may go. The truth of course lies in the fact that, at altitudes of 25,000 feet and beyond, the effects of low atmospheric pressure upon the human body are so severe that really difficult mountaineering is impossible and the consequences even of a mild storm may be deadly, that nothing but the most perfect conditions of weather and snow offers the slightest chance of success, and that on the last lap of the climb no party is in a position to choose its day . . .1 Eric Shipton, Upon that Mountain O A RAPID DESCENT He was 24,000 feet above sea level, but the light was fading, and so Jai Jaikumar knew that he had little time to admire the view. It was 4 p.m. on a summer day in 1966, and Jai, an engineering student at the Indian Institute of Technology, stood with one of his closest climbing buddies at the summit of a Himalayan mountain. The final ascent that day, beginning at high camp at 2 a.m., had been rougher and more difficult than the pair had anticipated. They had originally set 1 p.m. as their “turnaround time,” the point at which considerations of safety dictate that climbers should abandon their ascent and head back to high camp. However, the prospect of waiting a few more days to again challenge the summit held little appeal...

Words: 2051 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Amman Jordan

...communities have to be resettled, with government sanction, in order for important mineral deposits to be accessed. This can cause controversy and divisions in the communities concerned. International best practice sets out a number of key stages in such a process including the need for structured consultation, fair compensation and the importance of restoring and enhancing the livelihoods of people in their new locations. Recently Anglo American has had to undertake two such relocations in South Africa at the villages of Ga Pila and Motlhotlo. These were undertaken with the support of the provincial government and local tribal leadership and after consultation with local people lasting for several years leading to agreement with each householder. New villages have been built with better houses and infrastructure and more land for farming. The relocation programme was voluntary. The relocation programme at Motlhotlo is still under way but at Ga Pila 98% of those living in the old village took up the offer to move to the new...

Words: 286 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Developmental Behaviors

...ResearchJamey Calvery Developmental Associations Between Externalizing Behaviors, Peer Delinquency, Drug use, Perceived Neighborhood Crimes, and Violent Behaviors in Urban Communities Jamey Calvery Developmental Associations Between Externalizing Behaviors, Peer Delinquency, Drug use, Perceived Neighborhood Crimes, and Violent Behaviors in Urban Communities Developmental Associations Between Externalizing Behaviors, Peer Delinquency, Drug use, Perceived Neighborhood Crimes, and Violent Behaviors in Urban Communities This research is aimed at finding correlations between certain behaviors and mentalities exhibited by adolescence and corresponding patterns of behavior seen in those individuals as adults. The researchers collected information for the subjects at four different periods over the course of the study. The group of subjects used in this research is comprised of Puerto Ricans and African-Americans in an urban environment. The basic hypothesis of this research is that there is a traceable and predictable pattern of behavior exhibited by the subjects in the study as they progressed from adolescence into adulthood. The research indicates that adults who are demonstrating violent behaviors moved through a series of stages as they grew up. The purpose of the study appears to be an effort to create a model of prevention. The study finds that adolescence with exposure to certain variables, such as drug use and criminal or socially rebellious behavior from peers...

Words: 405 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Community History

...The Village of Manlius is located 30 minutes outside of the City of Syracuse. The land was settled in the late 1700s and grew out of the almost endless farmable soil, and surrounding water sources. Kathy Crowell a former Town and Village of Manlius historian wrote multiple articles that share her discoveries. Her work revealed that the towns’ population was not recorded in the US census until the early 1900s. The first 1314 individuals of the village were documented in 1913 in cooperation with the US census. On April 30, 1842 Manlius was incorporated as the Village of Manlius, shortly following the first village officials were selected. It wasn’t until 1985 that the three villages of Fayetteville, Manlius, and Minoa united as one, creating the Town of Manlius (Fayetteville And Its Industries). Above: A picture of the Town of Manlius depicting the three villages in proximity to each other. Above: A picture of the Town of Manlius depicting the three villages in proximity to each other. As noted above the three villages maintained their own police departments, post offices, and residential structures, but through a municipal agreement, the villages unified to eliminate duplicate services, improve delivery and transportation routes, as well as promote town-planning standards (Lowenberg). The Village of Manlius within the greater of the Town, has a diverse and rich history that was established through the migration, settlement, and evolution of the three villages. The...

Words: 1433 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Nothing

...The City in History: Reading Guide Chapter 1 Sanctuary, Village, and Stronghold 1. What does Mumford mean when he states, “human life swings between two poles: movement and settlement”? (5) 2. What role did cemeteries and shrines play here? How were they key elements in the establishment of settlements (cities)? 3. What was the third original aspect of temporary settlements? What role did it play in the formation of settlements (cities)? 4. What was lacking in paleolithic culture with regard to establishing permanent settlements? Why was this important? 5. What role did the domestication of animals play here? 6. What role did women play in early village life? 7. What tools/technologies were essential to early village life? 8. Describe the social organization, physical form, layout and features of the early village. 9. Why were containers so essential to the neolithic villager? 10. Describe the essential elements of the early village between 9000 and 4000 B.C.E. What are the essential characteristics identified by Mumford? Why were these so important? 11. What does Mumford mean when he sates, “conformity, repetition, patience were the keys to this [neolithic] culture once it had solidified”? (18) 12. Mumford states that, “the ancient Greeks thought that their own respect for custom and common law…was a unique product of their culture.” (20) Where does Mumford say the roots of such thinking...

Words: 437 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Uiuc Essay

...General Studies, explain your academic interests and strengths or your future career goals. You may include any majors or areas of study you are currently considering. Please limit your response to approximately 300 words. (Word Count: 290) When I was six years old, my mum (who works in a bank) began teaching me how to manage money. Although I was young, I learned to buy equity funds and stock, and soon after, my allowance quadrupled. I did not realize it then, but my interest in finance would benefit myself and others later. The summer after I arrived in the US, I heard news from China that girls in rural villages near my parent’s home were being kidnapped and molested. Due to Confucianism, many Chinese schools lack child safety education, and I felt I should do something to help. I returned to China, and gathered 7 friends to help teach lessons in a very poor village this past summer. While we went to a few schools, our limited funds made it impossible for us to teach at more schools. Later that summer, I got an opportunity to participate in a finance summer camp, held by China Construction Bank. During this summer camp, I learned more efficient ways to manage my allowance. I sold stocks and put all my money to more low-risk funds and some short-term financial products. Four months later, I have earned enough money to buy books for more rural school students, and to continue my lessons in more schools next summer. For me, finance is more than just a way of making extra...

Words: 361 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Organization Planning and Design

...A narrative Essay HUNTING THE LION The lion’s attack news on a village woman spread immensely and faster like a wildfire in the whole community. This was not the first appearance of the Lion in the village since before this attack, the villagers had lost some of their goats, cattle and also poultry but the disappearance of these animals remained a mystery to the villagers as nobody could confirm the cause of the disappearance whether it was the lion or other different cause, then the tiger struck. This time of the attack, the victim was a 43-year –old woman who was collecting firewood near band-more Forest which borders her small farm. Then after the attack, the villagers organized for the hunt of the Lion. Armed with bows and arrows, machetes and riffles the hunting team which was lead by a seven strong men and I, left Gamy villa village on 27th May 2016, the leader being Rwinda who was a tall strong fearless man. We had an early night where mosquitoes and eerie sounds made by the nocturnal creatures of the jungle kept us awake for almost the whole night. During this trying moment, I had almost made up my mind to give up. At first break of daylight, we were up to face the tuff assignment which was before us. We ate the food we had brought and set off for Karry pawal. Our walk slowed down to a snail’s pace as we had to make our way cross muddy paddy fields. As it began to get dark, we frantically searched for a site so as to set up camp. Suddenly, while we were there,...

Words: 536 - Pages: 3