...Visual Information Processing Paper Laura Nancy Vargas PSYCH/64 December 2, 2013 Holly Berry Perception Paper Humans have a unique and wonderful device in how one sees. The eye and brain work together to turn the world into visual data one’s brain can understand and use. There are some eye conditions that inhibit the sight or the recognition of the shapes one sees. Research continues to overcome these conditions as well as to further understand the biochemical reaction that gives humans the sight and understanding one has of visual data. Included in the paper are some of the latest research methods. Describe Visual Information Processing The way a human eye and brain works together to produce visual data understandable to the brain is through a biochemical reaction to light turned into neural impulses by the brain. The section of the brain dedicated to interpreting vision is the visual cortex. . Light passes through the lens and the vitreous humor and falls on the retina at the back of the eye (J.R. Anderson, 2009, pg. 34). The retina includes the light sensing or photoreceptor cells. These cells change physical shape when exposed to light. The photoreceptor cells are of two kinds; rods and cones. At this point the photochemical process occurs that turns the information of the light, including shapes, texture, color, orientation, and depth, into neural impulses. Rods are the cells that when exposed to less light energy are responsible for less sharp images, the kind...
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...friend not to argue with older folks, ‘’they are like children.’’ I could not reconcile my thoughts about the idea that elderly people are like minors. Are older people really like children? How do they become ‘’like children’ in the first place? Does aging impact cognitive ability so severely that older people can be compared to children? Cognitive decline that is related to age is fairly documented in psychology research but the area is still under development. However, the extent to which such decline occurs in normal ageing does not approve of the assertion that older people are like children. A recent study by Ballesteros, Mayas & Reales (2013) did an investigation on the effect of ageing in memory, executive control and speed of processing in both healthy subjects and subjects with mild cognitive impairment. The researchers found evidence of age related cognitive decline in all the cognitive functions measured. However, there were higher levels of cognitive decline in individuals with soft cognitive impairment. The study also established that abnormal ageing (as in older people with cognitive impairment) increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Besides, the study also reported that young...
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...Visual Information Processing Brenda Upsey Psycho/640 Dr. Samatha Hickman Visual Information Processing A person eyes and brain is the key to help express or interpret what they see. Our eyes and brain are an important part of our daily life and we need our eyes to see the world and to express what we see. The brain and eyes work together to help processing information through our vision. The brain stimulates our five senses, such as touch, smell, sight, taste, and hearing however, most stimuli are interpret through the sight. Our eyes allow us to see things, such as objects, shapes, and colors. The brain helps to perceive and interpret what we see. This process is called visual information processing which pertain to person cognitive skills. Our cognitive skills allow us to see things, process it, and interpret it to make sense. By using our eyes we can see things and hold on to memories and tell our children family history. This paper will describe visual information processing and explain two conditions that impair visual information processing. This paper wills also discuss current trends in research of visual information processing and give two scholarly peer reviews on visual information processing. Visual Information Processing The human brain is responsible for to help understand information that see to the brain.. To understand visual information processing one must for know how the brain and eyes work together. The human brain is an important part of our...
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...Brandi Smith July 22, 2010 ENG 3U1 A learning disability is a condition that either prevents or significantly hinders somebody from learning basic skills or information at the same rate as most people of the same age. It is caused by a difference in the brain that affects information received, processed and communicated. A learning disability cannot be cured or fixed but it can be helped. Depending on the type of disability, interventions may be provided to help an individual learn strategies that will assist him/her for future success. Children with learning disabilities are usually diagnosed after they have started school around the age of eight or older. A child’s difficulties are usually noticed by educators such as teachers and parents. The earlier the child is diagnosed, the earlier an intervention program is implemented. Therefore, the better her/his future will be. Interventions significantly increase the possibility of a successful long term prognosis. Children and adults with learning disabilities have trouble processing sensory information because they see, hear, and understand things differently. Common types of learning disabilities are nonverbal learning disability (NLD), visual processing deficit and auditory processing deficit. Nonverbal learning disability (NLD) is a neurological condition that is considered to be a development disability. It affects every aspect of life and not just typical problems seen in classrooms. Nonverbal learning disability is considered...
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...Psych 640 week 3 Individual VISUAL AND VERBAL IMAGERY paper Write a 500- to 700-word magazine article that discusses visual and verbal imagery. Include the following in your article: A contrast of verbal and visual imagery An argument about which of these you consider most important A justification of your argument with research Include at least three scholarly peer-reviewed articles, in addition to the course text. Imaginations allow individuals to use information and construct his or her own ideas. For example, individuals can imagine what his or her dream home looks like. This individual can see the home and describe what the home looks like. Anderson (2010) defined mental imagery as the processing of perceptual information without an external source. Visual imagery is the brain’s way of processing information as if the individual is actually seeing it; whereas, verbal imagery is the processing of information as if the individual is saying or describing the information. Visual and verbal imagery can use cognitive maps to make sense of his or her environment. A careful analysis of visual and verbal imagery allows an individual to draw conclusions about which form of imagery is important to them. Types of Imagery Visual Imagery Visual imagery is activated within the individual’s occipital cortex area (Fery, 2003). Motor actions require individuals to assess the size and shape of objects; thus, visual imagery provides the positions and movements associated with these tasks (Fery...
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...|[pic] |Course Syllabus | | |Information Systems & Technology | | |PRG/211 Version 4 | | |Algorithms and Logic for Computer Programming | Copyright © 2012, 2011, 2010 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides students with a basic understanding of programming development practices. Concepts covered include the application of algorithms and logic to the design and development of procedural and object oriented computer programs to address the problem solving requirements associated with business information systems. This course will cover procedural programming concepts including data types, controls structures, functional decomposition, arrays, and files, classes and objects. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this...
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...Cognitive Functions and Phineas Gage The discussion of this paper is the role of cognitive brain functions and Phineas Gage. The amazing story of Phineas Gage will be analyzed and the explanation of cognitive functioning in regard to his situation is very interesting and is also a major topic in this paper. Cognitive brain functions will be thoroughly examined in this paper as well. Cognitive functioning is when an individual has the ability to use mental processes to learn, reason, problem solve, make decisions, and comprehend. It also helps in focusing your attention and remembering events. Without cognitive processing humans would not be able to function properly. We use these processes to eat, sleep, work, go to school, plan events, and teach. Our daily functions such as cooking, eating, completing hygiene, cleaning, washing clothes, and other life skills heavily depend on cognitive functioning. What are the cognitive functions of the brain? To answer this question we must first examine what the brain is made of and what structures in the brain create a variety of cognitions. The brain has a set of structures called the limbic system. This system is made up of the cerebrum, diencephalon, midbrain, hippocampus, amygdalae, anterior thalamic nuclei, septum, limbic cortex, and the fornix. This system helps with the functions of emotion, behavior, motivation, and long term memory. The four lobes of the brain are important for the brain’s cognitive functioning. The four lobes...
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...Phineas Gage and the Cognitive Function The introduction of this paper includes Phineas Gage and the position of cognitive brain functions. The narrative of Phineas Gage can be and will be examined and the clarification of cognitive functioning in regard to his condition is vital and is part the main topic of this paper. The cognitive brain functions are examined in this paper as well. Cognitive function is when a person uses his or her mental processes to educate, find purpose, find solutions, find choices, and comprehend to then understand. When you can bring your attention to remembering events you’re more likely to focus. In lacking cognitive processing we, as humans would not be able to properly function. We use these daily processes to tackle life events, work, home, and all other task that tie into cognitive process but we must first scrutinize what the brain is made of, its structures, and the ability to see the brain create a variety of cognitions. The brain has created a set of structures named the limbic system. The structure is made up of the cerebrum, hippocampus, diencephalon, midbrain, anterior thalamic nuclei, amygdalae, septum, limbic cortex, and the fornix. This structure or system assists in the functions of behavior, inspiration, and memory. The brain’s cognitive function is tied to four lobes of the brain, which are very vital. The cognitive processing remains in the cortex of the brain. In order to understand the correlation of the brain and its functionality...
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...Awareness About Dyslexia I chose this topic – Awareness About Dyslexia as my term paper because dyslexia caught my attention since I had watched the movie entitled “Every Child Is Special” in one of my major subjects with Mrs. Winona E. Sanque just last year. As the main character, Ishan, never had a chance to be understood by his family, teachers, classmates, and friends. Being sent to a very exclusive school for boys far away from his home, there he also experienced maltreatment and embarrassments. Until one day, an Art substitute teacher came along to his life and change it as well as to all people around him so to me. But this desire of mine in knowing more about dyslexia had been finalized when I read an article in Developmental Reading book entitled “On Being Seventeen, Bright, and Unable to Read” by David Raymond. I start to accept and understand them heartfully. So as I make this term paper I would like to impart my awareness to others as well as they read my researched information I gathered. I. Definition of Dyslexia Dyslexia is a term that refers to many reading disabilities thought to be the result of a disorder in the central nervous system. But most of people began to use the term to describe a broad range of reading problems, and even spelling and writing problems. II. Kinds of Dyslexia There are several types of dyslexia that can affect the child's ability to spell as well as read. "Trauma dyslexia" usually occurs after some form of brain trauma...
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...Perception and Attention Paper Psych/560 June 3, 2013 Prof. Pitt Perception and Attention People will perceive the world in different ways. For example, two people may look at a cloud, and they both may say they see two different things. One may say they see a rabbit whereas the other person may say they see a dog. Perception gives an individual the ability to have insight into any given situation. This is also how an individual can gain knowledge or intuition. On the other hand, there is attention, which gives an individual to ability to focus mentally. According to Robinson-Riegler & Robinson-Riegler (2008) Perception aids in a person’s information process. Attention aids the impact of information in a person's long-term memory. This paper will define the concept of perception and the perceptual organizational process. The paper will also define attention and the process of attention as well as explain the relationship between perception and attention. Define the Concept of Perception Cherry (2013), “Perception is our sensory experience of the world around us and involves both the recognition of environmental stimuli and actions in response to these stimuli” (What Is Perception?). This process allows us to gain information about the properties and elements of our environment that we need for survival...
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...Review journal articles on what we know about how consumers use their memory. How does this knowledge inform what we know and what we could study for product placement? Introduction – 200- 300 words Product placement Product placements can be defined as paid product information targeted affecting the viewers via the planned of a branded product into a television program, movie (Balasubramanian, 1994), computer and online game. As it is not totally stated in this definition, product placements have been applied for persuasive motivations, such as increasing product awareness and sales. Some of the merits of product placements include overcoming the difficulty of zapping because viewers are less likely to change the channel or leave the place when a product shows in a movie like they may for advertisements (d’Astous & Chartier, 2000). Moreover, product placements allow marketers to aim very particular audiences because the demography of who attends which type of movie is well understood (Nebenzhal & Secunda, 1993). Product placements also have a longer life time than traditional advertisements (d’Astous & Chartier, 2000). When the movies are released as DVD or shown on TV, the brand placements are typically still present. Finally, surveys have demonstrated that viewers like product placements due to the realistic improvement of the movie or TV show ( Nebenzahl & Secunda, 1993). In its most basic understanding, product placements are the incorporation of...
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...theories describe learning styles, distinct types of a learner’s processing information, and identify the best ways to study. The VARK learning styles theories divide learning components into four parts including: visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic styles. What’s more, VARK learning styles help to identify people’s preferred learning styles so that their work achieves the best outcome. Furthermore, VARK helps people develop study skills which benefit learning and teaching experiences. This paper will discuss VARK analysis learning styles, determine my preferred learning strategies, and changes that I need to make in my study habits in order to become a successful student. First, the VARK learning styles theory is based on the idea that different people learn in different ways. The VARK theory uses four main sensory receivers (acronym VARK): visual, aural, read-write, and kinesthetic in order to best serve the needs of a successful student. Neil Fleming said:” VARK learning styles are based on modalities-channels by which human expression can take place and is composed of a combination of perception and memory” (Fleming, 2006). The VARK analyses believe that visual learners learn best by seeing. They can benefit when a teacher writes key points on the board. Moreover, visual individuals benefit from studding charts and diagrams, PowerPoint presentations, and posters. Research reveals that visual learners use the occipital lobe at the back of the brain. Both...
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...Running head: Working Memory Training in Children School Based Working Memory Training: Preliminary finding of Improvement in Children’s Mathematical Performance Panmoli Sivananthan Psychology 107 University Canada West December 04, 2011 (Essay 1587 words) My topic is “Working Memory In the textbook, it is defined on pg. 259 as follows: Working memory, a newer understanding of Atkinson and Shiffrin’s second stage, concentrates on the active processing of information in this intermediate stage. Because we cannot possibly focus on all the information bombarding our senses at once, we shine the flashlight beam of our attention on certain incoming stimuli – often those that are novel or important. We process these incoming stimuli, along with information we retrieve from long-tem memory, in temporary working memory. Working memory associates new and old information and solves problems (Baddeley, 2001, 200; Engle, 2002). Reference in textbook on pages R-3 & R-17 Baddeley, A.D. (2001). Is working memory still working? American Psychologist, pg 56, 849-864. Baddeley, A.D. (2002, June). Is working memory still working? European Psychologist, 7, 85-97. Engle, R.W. (2002). Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 19-23. References to the three articles of my interest: My primary article: Marcus, W. (2011). School Based Working Memory training: Preliminary finding of improvement in children’s mathematical...
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...Information Processing Theory In this paper I will be discussing the information processing theory in children, describing the components of the information processing theory, defining the components and their functions. I will also be discussing the summary of the interrelationships among the components and explaining the need to move information through the model. Explaining how the child processes information and how it changes with age. Information processing theory is the theoretical perspective that focuses on the specific ways in which people mentally thinks about (“process”) the information they receive. People process information in different ways; sensation, perception, sensory registers, working memory, and long-term memory. Sensation is the physiological detection of stimuli in the environment. Perception is the cognitive interpretation of stimuli that the body has sensed. Sensory register is the component of memory that holds incoming information in an unanalyzed form for a very brief time; this is two to three seconds or less. Working memory is the component of memory that enables people to actively think about and process a small amount of information. Long-term memory is the component of memory that holds knowledge and skills for a relatively long period of time. Sensory register information processing is believe that human memory includes a Sensation information processing is through environmental the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. This...
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...Information Processing Theory Child Development AED/202 October 15, 2011 Instructor: Stephanie Jacobs The paper this week will focus on the information processing theory. The definition of its components and their functions are addressed. A summarization of the interrelationship among the components is given. As well as a description on how children process information, and how the process develops as the child grows older. Also, consideration will be given towards whether environment and heredity, influence intelligence and information processing. As humans we process information with amazing efficiency and often perform better than highly sophisticated machines at task such as problem solving and critical thinking (Halpern, 2003; Kuhn, 1999). The information processing theory is a group of theoretical frameworks. These frameworks address how humans receive, think about, mentally modify, and remember information, and how these processes change over the course of development (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2004). The most researched and articulated model is the information processing model (IPM), developed in the early 1950s. The IPM consists of three main components sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory (Schraw.G, 2006). The first component is the sensory memory; this processes incoming sensory information for very brief periods of time, usually within ½ to 3 seconds. The amount of information held in the sensory memory is limited to five to seven discrete elements...
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