...Brown v. Board of Education: A Historic Court Case For a large part of the 1900’s, racial segregation could be seen in almost all public places. This included the public schools system. For years, black children had to go to separate schools because of the color of their skin. This began to change in 1954 with the Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, which declared that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. Linda Brown and her younger sister were two black children who lived in Topeka, Kansas. Their all-black school was several miles away, and each day, they had to walk through a dangerous railroad switchyard to get to their bus stop. There was another school that was closer to their house and...
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... In this case, the issue that will be discussed is about Ajax and the problems between Johan Cruijff and the Supervisory Board. Which functions are engaged within the decision making for Ajax and what exactly happened recently between the directors? Furthermore, there will be a focus on the difference between groups and teams. Founded on March 18, 1900 AFC Ajax is one of the largest and most storied clubs in European football. For example, they won 30 times the National Championship, 18 times the Dutch cup, 7 times the Johan Cruijff shield, 4 times the Champions league and many more. While led by the world famous Johan Cruijff, AFC Ajax had one of the best seasons ever in 1972 by a professional football team winning the National Championship, the Dutch Cup, the European Champions Cup and the World Cup. Everybody will agree on the fact that being so successful is not only about having a good soccer team. Recently, the Ajax supporters, and of course the rest of the soccer world, were surprised by Johan Cruijff. The supervisory board was in conflict with Johan Cruijff, and this situation was even brought to court since Ajax is not only a football club. Eventually, this led to the resign of the entire board of directors. How is it possible, that such a successful organization as Ajax experiences structural problems? problem definiton What structural problems within Ajax resulted in the Supervisory Board resignation? Case description: ajax ...
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...George Washington 1789 and 1792; no party affiliation; notable events include the Whiskey Rebellion, Jay's treaty (created favorable trade relations with Britain) John Adams 1796; Federalist; notable events include XYZ affair, the passing of the Alien and Sedition Acts, and his appointment of John Marshall (Federalist) as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and numerous federalist "midnight judges" Thomas Jefferson 1800 and 1804; Democratic-Republican; notable events include the Marbury v. Madison Supreme Court decision, the Louisiana purchase (and subsequently the Louis and Clark expedition), the Embargo Act, the ending of the international slave trade in the United States, and the establishment of West Point James Madison 1808 and 1812; Democratic-Republican; notable events include the War of 1812, let the charter of the First Bank of the United States expire, but realized it was difficult to finance a war without the bank, so he chartered the 2nd Bank of the United States James Monroe 1816 and 1820; Democratic-Republican; his time in office is described as "The Era of Good Feelings," notable events include the Missouri Compromise, the establishment of the Monroe Doctrine, the acquisition of Florida from Spain, and several internal improvements such as The Cumberland Road John Quincy Adams 1824; Democratic-Republican; notable events include the creation of the Tariff of 1828 (known as the "Tariff of Abominations") and his support of Alexander Hamilton's American system...
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...4/23/2014 Topic 8: The Roaring Twenties I. The Business Landscape & A Decade of Prosperity A. Consumer Impulse Vitalizes the Economy - Electricity > Courtesy of Thomas Alva Edison > Economy of the 1920s spurred by the introduction of affordable appliances to make domestic life less taxing > You name it: refrigerators, ranges, washers, vacuum cleaners, fans, razors, etc. > Almost a built in obsolescence – as newer & improved models came rolling off the lines – necessitating a new purchase every few years - Radios (principle means of media) - Automobiles > Cars introduced around turn of century (1900) > In the twenties – Henry Ford, using the technique of the mass assembly-line construction – introduces the Model-T – that was eminently affordable > New vehicle registrations will jump from 8 million in 1920 to 23 million in 1930` > Increased car production has ripple-effect in the economy - Supportive industries flourish – rubber, oil/gasoline, advertising, road construction, car parts, etc. B. New Ways to Make, Organize & Market Products - Make (Production) > Ford’s introduction of assembly line techniques to spur other industries to do same > Workers not expected to craft a product from start to finish but assigned to stations…performing repetitive and simpler tasks for entire shifts > Introduction of electric lighting...
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...The (un)Official United States History Cram Packet This is not intended as a substitute for regular study ……. But it is a powerful tool for review. 1494: Treaty of Tordesillas – divides world between Portugal and Spain 1497: John Cabot lands in North America. 1513: Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain. 1524: Verrazano explores North American Coast. 1539-1542: Hernando de Soto explores the Mississippi River Valley. 1540-1542: Coronado explores what will be the Southwestern United States. 1565: Spanish found the city of St. Augustine in Florida. 1579: Sir Francis Drake explores the coast of California. 1584 – 1587: Roanoke – the lost colony 1607: British establish Jamestown Colony – bad land, malaria, rich men, no gold - Headright System – land for population – people spread out 1608: French establish colony at Quebec. 1609: United Provinces establish claims in North America. 1614: Tobacco cultivation introduced in Virginia. – by Rolfe 1619: First African slaves brought to British America. 15. Virginia begins representative assembly – House of Burgesses 1620: Plymouth Colony is founded. - Mayflower Compact signed – agreed rule by majority • 1624 – New York founded by Dutch 1629: Mass. Bay founded – “City Upon a Hill” - Gov. Winthrop - Bi-cameral legislature, schools 1630: The Puritan Migration 1632: Maryland – for profit – proprietorship 1634 – Roger Williams banished from Mass. Bay Colony 1635:...
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...citizens were treated very poorly in the United States well before World War 2 and the Japanese American internment. Racial prejudice and unfair treatment toward the Japanese American citizens began in the late 1800's and steadily built over the next few decades. Japanese Americans were subjected to getting land in areas where no one else wanted to be such as near power lines and on dirt or soil where it was hard to build. The Japanese Americans were also held down in the farming and mining industries by often paranoid local American competitors. The Japanese bombed the United States in Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941 which led to a national widespread fear of Japanese citizens, primarily on the west coast, carrying...
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...to Puerto Rico on November 19, 1493. 4) First successful English colony was established in 1607, on the James River at Jamestown. 5) The Pilgrims established at Plymouth Colony. 6) Mayflower Compact was established for people to govern themselves. 7) Colonies characterized by religious diversity many congregatinalists in the Middle colonies. 8) First Great Awakening in the 1740s led by Jonathan Edwards. 9) French and Indian War (1754-1763) was a watershed event in the political development of the colonies. 10) Stamp Acts of 1765 was enforced and imposed a tax on the colonies following the Seven Years War. 11) Boston Tea Party in 1773 protest against British taxes and government. * Key Court Cases: Witchcraft trials (1480-1750) executions of innocent people that were accused of being witches or involving with any witchcraft. * Important Documents 1) Mayflower Compact 2) Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges * Most influential person- Christopher Columbus * People establishing themselves in the new world and establishing a self governing government. Unit Two The Revolutionary War & Founding the New Nation (Ch. 6-9) * Years-1774-1789 * Presidents-None * Foreign Policies/Key Events 1) Plan of 1776 sets out...
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...to Puerto Rico on November 19, 1493. 4) First successful English colony was established in 1607, on the James River at Jamestown. 5) The Pilgrims established at Plymouth Colony. 6) Mayflower Compact was established for people to govern themselves. 7) Colonies characterized by religious diversity many congregatinalists in the Middle colonies. 8) First Great Awakening in the 1740s led by Jonathan Edwards. 9) French and Indian War (1754-1763) was a watershed event in the political development of the colonies. 10) Stamp Acts of 1765 was enforced and imposed a tax on the colonies following the Seven Years War. 11) Boston Tea Party in 1773 protest against British taxes and government. * Key Court Cases: Witchcraft trials (1480-1750) executions of innocent people that were accused of being witches or involving with any witchcraft. * Important Documents 1) Mayflower Compact 2) Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges * Most influential person- Christopher Columbus * People establishing themselves in the new world and establishing a self governing government. Unit Two The Revolutionary War & Founding the New Nation (Ch. 6-9) * Years-1774-1789 * Presidents-None * Foreign Policies/Key Events 1) Plan of 1776 sets out basic...
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...to Puerto Rico on November 19, 1493. 4) First successful English colony was established in 1607, on the James River at Jamestown. 5) The Pilgrims established at Plymouth Colony. 6) Mayflower Compact was established for people to govern themselves. 7) Colonies characterized by religious diversity many congregatinalists in the Middle colonies. 8) First Great Awakening in the 1740s led by Jonathan Edwards. 9) French and Indian War (1754-1763) was a watershed event in the political development of the colonies. 10) Stamp Acts of 1765 was enforced and imposed a tax on the colonies following the Seven Years War. 11) Boston Tea Party in 1773 protest against British taxes and government. * Key Court Cases: Witchcraft trials (1480-1750) executions of innocent people that were accused of being witches or involving with any witchcraft. * Important Documents 1) Mayflower Compact 2) Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges * Most influential person- Christopher Columbus * People establishing themselves in the new world and establishing a self governing government. Unit Two The Revolutionary War & Founding the New Nation (Ch. 6-9) * Years-1774-1789 * Presidents-None * Foreign Policies/Key Events 1) Plan of 1776 sets out...
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...INTRODUCTION Goldman Sachs Group, Morgan Stanley, Merrill Lynch (now as Subsidiary of Bank of America), Lehman Brothers and Bear Steams (sold to JPMorgan Chase) were the world top five investment banks in United States. They were the key players in the financial markets and make significant contribution to the economics. But when they failed, the consequences would also be extremely fatal. The 158 years old Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on Sunday 1:45am, September 15, 2008 (“Wikipedia: Lehman Brothers”, July 15, 2013). With a total assets of $639 billion and $619 billion in debts, Lehman Brothers’ bankruptcy filing became the largest in history, It’s assets far surpassed those of previous bankrupt giants such as WorldCom and Enron (“IInvestopedia: Case Study", April 02, 2009). The collapse of the Lehman Brothers is contagious and even triggered the Global Financial Crisis. LEHMAN BROTHERS HISTORY Three brothers – Henry Lehman, Emanuel Lehman and Mayer Lehman in 1850, founded Lehman Brothers. Started as a normal dry-goods store, the brothers grew the business by buying and selling cotton to planters living in and around Montgomery, Alabama ("History of Lehman Brothers", n.d). Eventually the brothers built a cotton storage warehouse together with a cotton merchant John Wesley Durr in a brief partnership form. Thereafter in 1858, an office in New York was opened to fulfill the needs of the growing sales and trades. After Civic War...
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...Which was the first firm to use the term “management consultant” Booz Allen Hamilton A business strategy for carefully analyzing operations to improve overall efficiency, lower costs and increase quality in order to lower a company's environmental impact. Name the strategy and the company which created it. green sigma,ibm Which tool talks about business growth opportunities in terms of product and market? Ansoff Matrix It was introduced as an experiment covering a 40km radius with the support of the UNESCO, Philips and the US Govt. in 1959. The facility was extended to Bombay in 1972, followed by Srinagar , Calcutta and Madras . It was delinked from its mother organization in 1976 and given the status of an independent corporation. the company offered Initial Public Offerings in 1982 and was raking in Rs. 10 billion in ad revenue by 1987. What company are we talking about Doordarshan This merger between the two companies was called “wedding in heaven”. Name the two companies. daimler and Chrysler A big consulting powerhouse published a report on the banking industry during the financial crises. Name the firm and the title of the report. pwc and banking banana skins 2010 Name the parent company who owns this product. This company had 5 products in the same market but decided to phase out and retain only this product because it believed that the market segment of the 5 products is blurred and cannibalizing each other’s market share. Dell It was a major...
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...A BRIEF COMPUTER HISTORY The computer as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th century English mathematics professor name Charles Babbage. He designed the Analytical Engine and it was this design that the basic framework of the computers of today are based on. Generally speaking, computers can be classified into three generations. Each generation lasted for a certain period of time,and each gave us either a new and improved computer or an improvement to the existing computer. First generation: 1937 – 1946 - In 1937 the first electronic digital computer was built by Dr. John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. It was called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC). In 1943 an electronic computer name the Colossus was built for the military. Other developments continued until in 1946 the first general– purpose digital computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was built. It is said that this computer weighed 30 tons, and had 18,000 vacuum tubes which was used for processing. When this computer was turned on for the first time lights dim in sections of Philadelphia. Computers of this generation could only perform single task, and they had no operating system. Second generation: 1947 – 1962 - This generation of computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes which were more reliable. In 1951 the first computer for commercial use was introduced to the public; the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC 1). In 1953 the International Business Machine (IBM)...
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...struggles in British India Can be classified into following groups: Before 1857’s Mutiny | * East India: Sanyasi Revolt, Chuar and Ho Rising, Kol Rising, Santhal Rising, Pagal Panthis and Faraizis Revolt * West India: Bhil, Ramosis * South India: Poligars | After 1857’s Mutiny | * Indigo Movement (1859-60) * Pabna Agrarian Unrest (1873-76), * Deccan riots (1874-75), * No-Revenue Movement Assam, Maharashtra, and Punjab: (towards the end of 19th century) * Champaran Indigo Satyagraha (1917) | In the 20s and 30s | 2nd Moplah, Awadh Kisan Sabha, Eka movement, Bardoli etc. | During and After WW2 | * Congress Ministries in provinces such as Bihar, UP and Bombay (will be discussed separately in third article) * Faizpur Congress session (1936) * All India Kisan Congress * Tebhaga Movement in Bengal * Telangana Outbreak in Hyderabad * Varlis Revolt in Western Indi | Peasant Revolts before 1857 Sanyasi Revolt, 1772 * British government restricted people from visiting holy places. Sansyasi got angry * Joined by farmers, evicted landlords, disbanded soldiers * Focal point: Rangpur to Dhaka * Leader: Manju Shah Fakir * Sanyasis defeated a company of sepoys and killed the commander. They overran some districts, virtually running a parallel government. * This rebellion continued till the end of the 18th century. * Governor General Warren Hastings launched a military campaign against Sansyasis. * From 1800, sanyasis...
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...324 - Battle of Adrianople Roman Emperor Constantine I defeats Co-Emperor Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. 683 - St Leo II ends his reign as Catholic Pope 987 - Hugo Capet crowned king of France 1090 - Battle at Hagenoorde: German emperor beats earl Egbert II 1187 - Crusaders enter Tiberias 1187 - Battle of Horns of Hattin; Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, destroys Jerusalem's crusader army. 1250 - Louis IX of France is captured by Baibars' Mamluk army at the Battle of Fariskur while he is in Egypt conducting the Seventh Crusade; he later has to ransom himself. 1428 - Treaty of Delft between Jacoba of Bavaria & Philip the Good of Burgundy 1608 - Samuel de Champlain founds city of Quebec 1630 - Emperor Ferdinand II opens German Parliament 1661 - Portugal gives Tangier & Bombay to English King Charles II 1720 - Sweden & Denmark sign peace treaty 1754 - George Washington surrenders to French, Fort Necessity (7 Years' War) 1767 - Pitcairn Island is discovered by Midshipman Robert Pitcairn on an expeditionary voyage commanded by Philip Carteret. 1767 - Norway's oldest newspaper still in print, Adresseavisen, is founded (first edition published this date). 1775 - Washington takes command of Continental Army at Cambridge, Mass 1778 - British forces massacre 360 men, women & children in Wyoming, Pa 1778 - Prussia declares war on Austria 1806 - Michael Keens exhibits 1st cultivated strawberry First US President George WashingtonFirst US President George Washington...
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...Sidoarjo/Lapindo Mud Flow from A Well in East Java, Indonesia May 29, 2006 By: Yulini Arediningsih Abstract This paper overview the occurrence of Sidoarjo mud flow, known as Lusi Mud Volcano, the world fastest growing mud volcano, triggered by gas drilling exploration. Since May 29, 2006, Lusi mud volcano in Porong sub-district, East Java, Indonesia has been spurting voluminous hot mud and gas, with uncertain knowledge when it will cease. The progressing eruption has been causing major impact on human life, social, economic and environment in this highly populated region. Breached regulations including Indonesian regulations, constitutions, and APPEGGA rules of conduct are outlined. There are five critical concerns related to ethical and professional conduct arising from the occurrence of Lusi mud volcano. The concerns include negligence to best practise procedures, particularly drilling in high pressure zone; conflict of interest between public, government and private sector; violence to human right, public safety; and crisis management related to mitigating the impacts on environment, social, economic especially in compensation process to the victims. 1. Introduction Sidoarjo/Lapindo Mud flow, is geologically identified as a mud volcano (Sawolo, et al 2009). It is generally known as Lusi, a short name of Lumpur Sidoarjo. Lumpur means mud in Indonesian language. Lusi mud volcano is located in Porong sub district, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java Province...
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