...The economic crash in 2008 did not help the situation either. More and more people are in dire need of products for either very low costs or hopefully free. Spending frugally and obtaining things for free is ideal in the world we live in today considering how much excess is thrown out. Living on Ohio State's campus showed me clearly that every year, students had too many items than what they truly needed to survive day to day. And with that would come the inevitable flow of truck after truck of people going through dumpsters or replacing the bulk pickup that the city provides for free. The environment can also be a majorly attributed to their growth. The effects of improper disposal can lead to surface water retention, soil contamination, pollution, and leachate. (“Effects of poor waste disposal”, 2010). The economic impact can be substantial as well as people care about the area around them. No one wants to visit a dirty place. There is also the ability to use the recycling to cover a country's energy needs like Sweden. They are so effective at recycling that they even ran out of garbage and had to...
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...Disposal of Hazardous Waste Micheal Walters HCS/430 July 25, 2013 Cliffornia J. Rolle Disposal of Hazardous Waste The way that huge amounts of hazardous waste are disposed of could be one of the most dangerous aspects of the health care industry, at least as it relates to security measures. Safe and proper disposal of hazardous and toxic waste is a primary issue for developing regulatory compliance because it affects not only the general populace, but the health care employees as well. “The focus of this kind of training often is almost remedial simply due to employees having little or no experience in dealing with these kinds of materials and not being fully cognizant of the extent of the potential risk.” (Timothy Sexton, Jan 30, 2007) It has also been made very important to make organizational hierarchies which are good at assigning responsibility for being capable of doing the proper disposal of hazardous waste. Also it is extremely important that the hazardous waste stream is able to be tracked. “And finally it is recommended that systematic evaluation and analysis of the process for disposing of hazardous waste be conducted in order to improve upon any flaws or gaps in the system.” (Timothy Sexton, Jan 30, 2007) Evaluations on hazardous waste disposal should be performed on a regular basis like emergency and fire drills. “It is recommended that systematic evaluation and analysis of the process for disposing of waste be conducted in order to improve...
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...Waste disposal 1. Define Waste, Refuse, Sullage ? Waste is defined as rubbish , refuse, garbage . its in other word any unwanted material , or useless materials , and material that rejected as a worthless material , it has less amount of activity . Refuse is the act of disposing of rubbish or any waste , its also a technique for collection , treatment as well as disposal of solid waste of community . Sullage is the waste from household shawer , bates , its also mean filth or waste 2. Identify the various types and source of waste ? Types of waste : all things considered, waste can be fluid or strong. Them two can be unsafe. What's more, them two can likewise be assembled into natural and re-usable and additionally recyclable waste....
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...interrelationships which exist among these, or any of them e.g. waste. Two kinds of definitions are operative for waste. One is conceptual and the other descriptive (Savasi, 1977) and defines waste by listing the kinds of materials comprising it. In the conceptual sense, wastes are defined as useless, unwanted or discarded materials. However, to a modern environmentalist, waste are just materials which are discarded because, they ‘seem’ to have no further economic use ignoring the irrelevant issue of usefulness, value or desirability of the waste. In the descriptive definition, waste consists of discarded materials resulting from domestic, community activities, industrial, commercial and agricultural operations. 1.1 TYPES OF WASTE Agricultural waste, Biomedical waste, Business waste, Chemical waste, Consumable waste, Domestic waste, Industrial waste, Inorganic waste, Medical waste, Organic waste, Recyclable waste Toxic waste, etc. Population explosion, uncontrolled urbanization and rapid industrialization have caused high waste generation quantities and rates in a country, (NEST 1991) waste generation increases not only because people multiply and hence the space available to each person becomes smaller, but also because the demand per person are continually increasing, so that each person throws away more waste year by year. If the world’s population were evenly distributed over the earth surface, most of these wastes could probably remain unnoticed and perhaps harmless...
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...population growth. Consumerism grew, and so did the production of waste. Local communities could no longer handle the waste on their own. Small waste disposal companies began to emerge. A notable company of the time is Ace Scavenger. In 1956, this company worked with 12 dump trucks, and had revenue of about $750,000. This was the perfect time to be in the waste management business because of the projected growth; Ace Scavenger saw the industry’s potential and began expanding itself by buying and creating similar companies. With the amount of continuous growth in the industry, the responsibility to treat waste properly was very important. The use of open dumps, and burning methods were starting to show negative...
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...1. Develop a transportation model for shipping from the 6 plants directly to the 3 disposal sites. Describe and implement the model. Please see tab one (Plant to Waste Shipment) of the attached spreadsheet after the data was analyzed and dropped into the Excel Spreadsheet and the Data Solver was utilized to obtain the stated highlighted results. The cost is $2,822 to ship. 2. Solve the model given in 1 and describe the results. The results of the model are as follows: 35 barrels per week from Kingsport Plant to Whitewater Waste Plant 26 barrels per week from Danville Plant to Duras Waste Plant 42 barrels per week from Macon Plant to Duras Waste Plant 1 barrel per week from Selma Plant to Whitewater Waste Plant 52 barrels per week from Selma Plant to Los Canos Waste Plant 29 barrels per week from Columbus Plant to Whitewater Waste Plant 28 barrels per week from Allentown Plant to Los Canos Waste Plant 10 barrels per week from Allentown Plant to Duras Waste Plant 3. Develop a transshipment model in which each of the plants and disposal sites can be used as intermediate points. Please see tab two (Intermediate Shipping) of the attached spreadsheet after the data was analyzed and dropped into the Excel Spreadsheet and the Data Solver was utilized to obtain the stated highlighted results. 4. Solve the model given in 3 and describe the results. The results of the model are shown...
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...DECLARATION The group hereby declares that except for references to other people’s work, which has been acknowledged, this dissertation is the outcome of our own independent investigation under the supervision of Mr. Sumani John Bosco. NAME ID SIGNATURE GYAMFI KINGSLEY KWAKU IDS/3498/06 ………………………….. JEBUNI BERNARD IDS/3548/06 …………………………. SALIA ELIZABETH ZENABU IDS/3794/06 ………………………… YANGFO JACOB IDS/3902/06 ………………………… ZIEM ABRAHAM IDS/3934/06 ………………………… …………………………… Mr. Sumani John Bosco (Supervisor) Date…………………….. DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the parents and relatives of the group members for their love, care, prayers and support. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The group wishes to render its first thanks to the Almighty God without whose divine intervention the work would not have been possible. We also acknowledge the immense contribution of the chiefs, elders and people of Zanko and Sokpayiri communities who contributed in diverse ways to making our research a successful one. The group also...
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...shipping the waste directly from the 6 plants to the 3 waste disposal sites. The Stateline Shipping and Transport Company wanted to transport chemical wastes from the six plants to the three waste disposal sites. The six pants and their capacity for wastes generated are shown below. Also shown are the three waste disposal sites and their demand requirements. Plants | Supply (barrels)) | | | 1. Kingsport | 35 | 2. Danville | 26 | 3. Macon | 42 | 4. Selma | 53 | 5. Columbus | 29 | 6. Allentown | 38 | Waste Disposal Sites | Demand (barrels) | A. Whitewater | 65 | B. Los Canos | 80 | C. Duras | 105 | Shown below are the shipping costs ($/per barrel) from each waste disposal site to each plants. Plants | Waste Disposal Sites | | A. Whitewater | B. Los Canos | C. Duras | 1. Kingsport | 12 | 15 | 17 | 2. Danville | 14 | 9 | 10 | 3. Macon | 13 | 20 | 11 | 4. Selma | 17 | 16 | 19 | 5. Columbus | 7 | 14 | 12 | 6. Allentown | 22 | 16 | 18 | Mathematical Formulation I. The six plants were represented by 1 through 6, while the three waste facilities were represented A through C. II. The objective function of the manager is to minimize the total transportation cost for all shipments. Minimize Z = 1A(12) + 1B(15) + 1C(17) + 2A(14) + 2B(9) + 2C(10) + 3A(13) + 3B(20) + 3C(11) + 4A(17) + 4B(16) + 4C(19) + 5A(7) + 5B(14) + 5C(12) + 6A(22) + 6B(16) + 6C(18) III. The constraints in the model are the number of barrels of wastes available...
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...1) Hazardous waste management regulations across the world During the last quarter of the 20th century, important multilateral environmental agreements covering key elements in the "production-to-disposal" management of hazardous chemicals with toxic, persistent, and bio accumulative characteristics, were negotiated. There have been various multinational agreements and initiatives related to chemical production, use, disposal, and reuse.. In addition, a number of important regional multilateral environmental agreements have also been negotiated. Given below are some of the international organizations and programs addressing international chemical and waste hazards. Though not covered in detail, it provides a starting point for investigating...
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...PHILIPPINE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT The Philippines generates about 10,000 million tons of solid waste per year and only 12 percent of the waste is recycled and re-used. The single most dominant issue for solid waste management (SWM) is the inadequacy of disposal facilities. Presently, open dumping is still the most common waste disposal method as controlled dumpsites and sanitary landfills (SLFs) are very limited. The opportunities presented by this serious environmental problem to suppliers of solid waste management products and equipment are enormous. The potential, however, is tempered by inadequate funds and technical capability, lack of political will and other problems. Despite the limitations, the market for SWM is still expected to grow five percent in the next three years. The major end-users of SWM products and equipment are the local government units and their private contractors as well as private proponents of SWM projects. The equipment cost and the source of project funding are major purchase considerations of end-users. Overview Solid waste is an environmental problem that has reached critical proportions in the Philippines. Due to a growing population, rapidly increasing consumption and increasing urbanization, waste generated in the Philippines is estimated at 19,700 tons per day. Projections show that waste generation will increase 47 percent by 2010, or 28,875 tons per day. SWM is the responsibility of local government units...
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...This company would like Stateline to pick up and transport their waste products from their six plants to three waste disposal sites. In efforts to minimize the potential hazardous barrels if leaks occur, she is seeking a possibility that using the plants and waste disposal sites as intermediate shipping points could lower the overall shipping costs too. Rachel is trying to determine the shipping routes that will minimize Stateline’s total cost and if it would be cheaper to ship directly from the plants to the waste sites or use intermediate shipping points (Taylor, 2011, p. 273-274). The estimated shipping costs ($/barrel) from the six plants to the three waste disposal sites are shown in Table 1. Plant A. Whitewater B. Los Canos C. Duras (Cost waste disposal site) The waste generated by the plants represents the supply for the transportation model and is shown in Table 2. Table 2 Plant Waste per Week (barrels) Waste Disposal Site Weekly Accommodation (barrels) Capacity (barrels) | 65 | 80 | 105 | each disposal sites The three waste disposal sites at Whitewater, Los Canos and Duras can accommodate a maximum of 65. 68 and 105 barrels per week, respectively. Let ij = quantity of waste transported from the plant to the waste center, The constraints in the model are the number of barrels of wastes available each week at each plant and the number of barrels of wastes lodged at each waste disposal site. The supply constraints are: x11 + x12 + x13 = 35, x21 + x22...
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...J Mater Cycles Waste Manag (2005) 7:1–7 DOI 10.1007/s10163-004-0119-9 © Springer-Verlag 2005 SPECIAL FEATURE: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Material Cycles and Waste Management is Asia (2) Chun-Chao Lin · Chun-hsu Lin What substances or objects should be recycled? The recycling legislative experience in Taiwan Received: October 1, 2004 / Accepted: October 10, 2004 Abstract The legislative framework of waste management in Taiwan has never been efficient, mainly due to unclear definitions and regulations. In 2002, this system was split into two parts by enacting a new law, the Resource Recycling and Re-use Act (RRRA). However, it then became more complicated and recycling effectiveness was impeded. The causes were mainly the unclear definitions, conflicts about the scope, and issues between the RRRA and the Waste Disposal Act (WDA). This article examines the recycling legislation experience in Taiwan, and proposes two modifications for resolving these problems. The first proposal is merging these two acts into one. The second proposed modification maintains a two-system structure but introduces a new subject, “discards,” into the law. The subject of discards is further categorized as “recyclable resources” or “waste,” which correspond to “recycling operations” and “disposal operations,” respectively. The new structures, interfaces, prerequisites, properties, and comparisons are also explained. Key words Waste · Recyclable resources · Discards · Definition Introduction Finding...
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...OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, IKERE – EKITI, EKITI STATE, SOUTH WEST NIGERIA BY IKUDAYISI, Akinola Mayowa Lecturer II, Technical Education Department, College of Education, Ikere – Ekiti ikmayor@yahoo.com +2348035630740 AND BELLO, Rufus Oluwatayo Principal Lecturer, Technical Education Department, College of Education, Ikere – Ekiti Rufusoluwatayobello@gmail.com +2348038814108 ABSTRACT This paper assesses the problem of solid waste management at College of Education, Ikere – Ekiti located in South West Nigeria as an institution. Since solid waste is being generated in the school, it is imperative to make sure they are properly handled in the specified way. Solid waste management is defined as the branch of Solid Waste Engineering associated with waste control of generation, storage, collection and transfer, transportation, processing and disposal of solid waste in a manner that is in accordance with the best principle of Public Health Economics, Engineering Conservation, aesthetics and other environmental consideration. The various problems facing the management of these solid wastes in the College were discussed and appropriate solutions were suggested. INTRODUCTION Waste according to Fantola (1997) can be defined as any material flow pattern that is rejected by the society. Waste according to their state can be either solid or liquid. This paper seems to concentrate on the management of solid waste alone. ...
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...shall regulate the waste management,plans of program for waste management,rights and obligations of the legal entities for waste collection and individuals related to waste managements,the manner of the conditions for waste collection,transportation,treatment,processing,storage and disposal, waste import,export and transit,mentoring,information system and financing Article 2 Application of the Law The provisions of this law shall apply to all kinds of waste listed in the List of wastes,except to: 1.Radioactive waste 2.Waste generated during research,exploitation,processing and storage of mineral raw materials and the work of quarries 3.Gaseous effluent emitted into the atmosphere 4.Waste water,except liquid waste 5.Animal waste(carcases,manure,excrement etc.),as well as other types of non hazardous materials of natural origin used in agriculture and; 6.Decommissioned explosives and dispersing devices and materials. Article 3 Objectives of the Law The objectives of this Law shall be to provided: 1.Avoidance and reduction to the maximum possible extent of the amount of waste generation 2.Re-use of usable components of the waste 3.Sustainable development through protection and saving natural resources. 4.Prevention of negative impacts of waste on the environment,human lfe and health. 5.Environmentally acceptable waste disposal and; 6.High level protection of the environment,human life and health Article 4 Activity of Public Interest Waste management shall...
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...we are given is that Rachel is in the process of negotiating a new contract to haul hazardous chemical waste from six (6) locations to three (3) waste disposal sites for Polychem, a manufacturer or chemicals for industry use. Rachel has estimated both the cost to transport one barrel from each location to each disposal site, as well as between each location. In estimating these costs, Rachel took into account that some towns and municipalities where the six plants are located restrict the transportation of hazardous material within municipal limits, so costs in some cases had to include traversing circutous routes. Rachel is given the number of barrels of waste each of the six plant locations will need picked up and how many barrels each of the waste disposal sights can accept. Given this information, and the esimated shipping costs she has developed, Rachel would like to determine which shipping routes will minimize Stateline’s total cost. She would like to consider the cost to move the waste directly from each plant location to a waste sight, as well a whether there is any cost savings if Stateline drops off and picks up some loads at the various plants and waste sites. One she has made these determinations, she will be in a better position to prepare a contract and negotiate the deal with Polychem. Transportation Model We are given the amount of waste, in barrels, to be hauled from each six (6) plant...
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