...PHYSICS PROJECT TOPIC- BALLISTIC MISSILES SUBMITTED TO – MR. B.K.PUTI SUBMITTED BY- SHUBHAM SHARMA XI (NON-MEDICAL) ROLL NO.-14 ST.KABIR’S RESI. AND DAY SCHOOL CONTENTS- • HISTORY • FLIGHT • PROPULSION, CONTROL AND GUIDANCE • MISSILE TYPES • INTERCONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILES • FLIGHT PHASES • MODERN ICBMs • REFERENCES Ballistic missile A ballistic missile is a missile that follows a sub-orbital ballistic flight path with the objective of delivering one or more warheads to a predetermined target. To date, ballistic missiles have been propelled during powered flight by chemical rocket engines of various types. History [pic] Diagram of V-2, the first ballistic missile. The first ballistic missile was the A-4, commonly known as the V-2 rocket, developed by Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s under direction of Wernher von Braun. The first successful launch of a V-2 was on October 3, 1942 and began operation on September 6, 1944 against Paris, followed by an attack on London two days later. By the end of World War II, May 1945, over 3,000 V-2s had been launched. A total of 30 nations have deployed operational ballistic missiles. Development continues, with around 100 ballistic missile flight tests (not including those of the US) in 2007, mostly by China, Iran and the Russian Federation. In 2010 the US and...
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...Is the wearing of Body Armor saving lives of Law Enforcement Officers? Abstract Law enforcement officers throughout the nation place their lives at risk on a daily basis. With the availability of ballistic body armor to protect them, how effective is the use in preventing fatalities? With minimal historic research available, federal agencies have begun to study this issue. A collaboration of numerous experts in science, ballistics and law enforcement have compiled information to rate the effectiveness of modern body armor. This rating system identifies the potential protection of the six different body armor levels currently in use in the United States. Utilizing statistical information maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, concerning officers who were shot in the line of duty, findings reveal that wearing body armor does save lives. Some injuries (non-life threatening backface signature wounds) still occur due to the impact of the projectile with the body armor and some fatalities occur due to a round escaping the protective fibers by slant deflection. Currently, there is no singular bullet proof material for use by police officers, the body armor in use today has and will continue to save the lives of those who wear the badge. The unpredictable nature of policing in today’s society brings to light concerns about what can be done to increase officer safety. The murder of a law enforcement officer has a horrific effect not only on the officer’s...
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...Weapons, Force, and Personal Protective Gear William A. Childress CJA 585 September 5, 2011 Professor Brain Kissinger Weapons, Force, and Personal Protective Gear Law enforcement officers and personal protection agents use much the same in weaponry, tactics, force, and personal protective gear in the performance of their daily duties. Within this paper those vital elements will be examined. Weapons used by the police and personal agents will be examined, beginning with offensive weapons, next will be defensive weapons, followed by tactical weapons. The use of force by the police and protection agents will follow weapons, and the paper will finish with an examination of protective gear, to include Kevlar® vests, neck and shoulder protection, and full body suits. Weapons Weapons are just as much a part of an officer’s or a protection agent’s uniform as his clothing. The weapon can be offensive, defensive, nonlethal, or a combination of these. What follows is a brief synopsis of some of the classes of weapons. Please note that many of the weapons can cross over into other classes, e.g. a water cannon may be used either offensively or defensively. Offensive Offensive weapons are used by law enforcement and protection agencies in the performance of their daily duties. These weapons include can include water cannons, rubber bullets, and percussive or flash explosive devices – meant to disorient the subjects involved temporarily. A sniper...
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...CHAPTER 6 URBAN OPERATIONS This chapter describes techniques, procedures and special considerations that are used by platoons and squads throughout the planning and execution of operations in a urban area. Section I. OFFENSE While operating in urban areas, the major offensive collective tasks at platoon and squad level are attacking and clearing buildings. This involves isolating the objective, suppressing the threat, advancing the assault element, assaulting the building, clearing the building, and consolidating and reorganizing the force. Regardless of the type of urban area or the structural characteristics, there are six interrelated requirements for attacking a defended building: • Isolation of the building or objective. • Supporting fires. • Tactical movement • Breaching. • Assaulting. • Reorganization. Proper application and integration of these requirements can reduce casualties and hasten accomplishment of the mission. The platoon leader, when developing the plan for an attack on an urban objective, must consider the type of building to be assaulted, the rules of engagement (ROE), and the nature of the surrounding urban area. These considerations will determine the method of execution. For example, medium-size towns have numerous open spaces, and larger cities have high-rise apartments and industrial and transportation areas that are separated by parking areas or parks. Increased fire support is required to suppress...
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...armor that was effective against bullets was too heavy to be practical. Modern body armor reappeared on a small scale in World War I as a means of protecting the torso from shell fragments, but the armor, as designed, was too heavy to justify the protection that it afforded. World War II stimulated the development of lighter body armor that consisted of overlapping plates of steel, aluminum, or bonded fiberglass attached within a nylon garment that covered both the front and the back of the wearer. These “flak jackets” were flexible enough to permit relatively free movement by the wearer while affording him adequate protection against shell fragments....
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...Starts off with audio/video addressing America on crisis The Cuban missile crisis was a suspenseful 13 day standoff between the Americans and the Soviet Union. It all started on October 14, 1962, when a high altitude U-2 plane took pictures of nuclear tipped IRBM (intermediate-range ballistic missiles) and MRBM (medium range ballistic missiles) in Cuba. The two proposals were set on the table: air strike and invade, or naval blockade. Ever since the Bay Pigs invasion, (which was an American led invasion where we got over 1200 Cuban refugees and sent them to Cuba to overthrow the government, but the effort failed) the Cubans wanted to be better protected. Cuba was allied with Soviet Union at that time and since the Cold War was going on between...
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...what issues your group might tackle? Does it support your group or work against it? Recent public opinion surveys reveal Americans are less adamant about stricter gun-control laws. In addition, Americans carry a better opinion of the National Rifle Association than in previous years. This allows the NRA a better opportunity in getting legislature for their cause passed. Recent issues the NRA is now tackling: Firearm Traces - to law enforcement agencies conducting investigations. Protection of firearms dealers from losing their licenses for insignificant technical violations. Assault Weapons/Clinton Gun Ban – including semi-automatic and pump-action weapons. Employees’ Right to Transport Guns – locked in vehicles on company property. Gun Show Legislation – requiring registration of people attending and background checks on people who purchase at shows. Registration and Licensing. Smart Guns – features such as grips that read fingerprints before the gun will fire. Ballistic Fingerprinting – markings on ammunition will be entered into a database. Microstamping and Encoded Ammunition – serial numbers will be registered to purchasers. Criminals will...
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...frequent circumstances in police killings included ambushes, traffic pursuits and being attacked while attempting other arrests. Seven officers died from injuries inflicted as a result of answering disturbance calls. Eleven officers were conducting traffic pursuits or stops, fifteen were killed as a result of ambushes and five officers were investigating suspicious persons or circumstances. Five officers sustained fatal injuries while they were performing investigative activities and nine while they were engaged in tactical situations. Offenders used firearms in sixty-three of felonious deaths. Of the seventy-two victim officers, fifty-one were wearing body armor at the times of their deaths. Seventeen of the victim officers fired their own weapons, and...
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...American Military Technology Gary Smith MIL 311 American Military History II Instructor Trevor Albertson March 2, 2014 Introduction “Technology shapes the conduct of war in a tremendous way. It determines how wars are fought, how armies are organized and also many of the limitations they have,” according to Krishnan (2008, p. 1). The United States armed forces have seen many innovations in military technology that have helped project the United States as a global leader in politics and military matters. World War II was the catapult that launched the United States onto the world stage and began the shift of American armed forces swing towards advancing military technology to maintain the ability to politically have significance throughout the globe. American dominance of military technology has continued from World War II through modern times, with a significant focus towards the future and private sectors being the important key to maintaining that dominance. World War II Technology Advancements Starting with technology advancement during World War II, the U.S. Navy did not advance as strongly as other branches. Aircraft carriers came of age and dominated as the main focus of fleets, while submarines became incredible predators of the seas. The actual development of new ships was not really there, since the turn-around time of such an endeavor outweighed the benefits during wartime. However, the Navy did make strides in SONAR technology, which would...
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...On August 6, 1945, the United States used a massive, atomic weapon against Hiroshima, Japan. This atomic bomb, the equivalent of 20,000 tons of TNT, flattened the city, killing tens of thousands of civilians. While Japan was still trying to comprehend this devastation three days later, the United States struck again, this time, on Nagasaki.[1] The atomic bombings of the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan were conducted by the United States during the final stages of World War II in 1945. These two events represent the only use of nuclear weapons in war to date. [2] Following a firebombing campaign that destroyed many Japanese cities, the Allies prepared for a costly invasion of Japan. The war in Europe ended when Nazi Germany signed its instrument of surrender on 8 May, but the Pacific War continued. Together with the United Kingdom and the Republic of China, the United States called for a surrender of Japan in the Potsdam Declaration on 26 July 1945, threatening Japan with "prompt and utter destruction". The Japanese government ignored this ultimatum, and the United States deployed two nuclear weapons developed by the Manhattan Project. American airmen dropped Little Boy on the city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945, followed by Fat Man over Nagasaki on 9 August.[3] Within the first two to four months of the bombings, the acute effects killed 90,000–166,000 people in Hiroshima and 60,000–80,000 in Nagasaki, with roughly half of the deaths in each city occurring on the first...
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...setting the norms and holding more power. Allowing a country like China to become the leader in space capabilities poses a serious threat to the US and all of its allies, something other states must realize before it is too late. Ideally, the US will assert itself into the space weapon realm with little issue and before another country takes the opportunity to establish new norms for...
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...geographically small size and the hostility of neighboring countries, Israel places a strong focus on developing and maintaining its military forces. The strength of the military lies in the outstanding intelligence community, early warning systems, rapidly mobilized reserve component, and a highly trained active duty force.7 The IDF contains 160,000 active front-line personnel as well as 630,000 reserve personnel. They also boast 4,170 tanks, 684 aircraft, and a naval strength of 66 vessels. With these resources, they are estimated to be the 11th ranked military in the world.8 The Israel Military and Research Complex has also led the way in modern warfare advancement with the development of many cutting edge technologies including cyber weapons, electronic warfare systems, and unmanned...
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...trying to throw its temper again, but this time harder. The rising tension between the two Koreas is making citizens feel frustrated, especially those living near the northern end of South Korea. Something must be done, but this time something practical. In this sense, a new meausre to suppress North Korea, not to soothe, is in need. In other words, South Korea must become a nuclear weapon state for the following three reasones: the impossibility of the world changing into a world without nuclear weapons, the need to safeguard against North Korea and lastly the contribution to peace through nuclear paradox. Firstly, the contemporary society cannot be fully disarmed with nuclear weapons and thus a more practical alternative should be seeked for. Although the world currently shouts for an idealistic world of harmony and peace without nuclear power, that is not the reality. In truth, the current society cannot completely eliminate nuclear weapons due to two factors: the existence of Rogue States with nuclear power and the hesitation of nuclear weapon states or the P-5 to eliminate nuclear weapons. To start with, the so called rogue...
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...on both past and present technology. Past technology Aviation Technology In the past, technology used in law enforcements or police departments included planes and helicopters which acted to save resources and time. It was used in searching for a missing person and doing a survey of a scene. Biometrics technologies This is the technology which used the physical features or behavior of a person to identify it. The methods used included identification of fingerprints, face, voice, iris, signature and handwritings to detect the criminals. Body Armor This was used to protect a criminal investigation officer or police from injury or death through protection from gun and rifle ammunitions, knife stabs and other sharp weapons .The protective vests was mainly used and was composed of ballistic and stab resistant armors. Ballistic-resistant armor protected against penetration from bullets and trauma from bullet impact. Stab-resistant armors protected against knives and spikes. Mapping and Analysis for Public Safety These included the placing of open spaces, buildings and alley, to prevent the chances of occurrence of a crime. The geographical data and their...
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...Control Measures 13 3.1 Hygiene Practices 14 3.2 Ventilation 15 3.3 Safety Equipment 15 3.4 Hand wash Stations 16 3.5 Eyewash Stations 16 3.6 Fire Extinguishers 17 3.7 Flammable Storage Cabinets 17 4.0 Emergency And Medical Procedures 18 4.1 Basic Emergency Response 18 4.2 Controllable Release 19 4.3 Injury and illness 19 Preface The nature of the tasks being undertaken at the Ballistics Unit of the Institute of Forensic Science and Legal Medicine presents a number of hazards. The risks associated with these hazards can be greatly reduced if appropriate precautions and practices are adhered to. To manage these risks, the Ballistics Unit has developed this general safety manual. The intent of this manual is to provide the guideline for the development and implementation of a comprehensive safety programme which will assist staff in maintaining a safe working environment. Responsibility for the development, implementation and enforcement of the general safety manual and comprehensive safety programme are the responsibility of the officer in charge of the Ballistic Unit. This individual is also responsible for providing the relevant resources in order to ensure the effective implementation of the safety programme. Helpful Telephone Numbers and Useful Information Director- Institute of Forensic Science...
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