Network Transmission Media

Networks whether at home or in business, are pretty much the same, except in scale.
In this view we’ll look at the home network as an example. The network consists of the ISP modem (Comcast, Verizon, or Service Electric), the router/switch, cables, and computers (all have built-in NICs). TIA/EIA-568 T568A termination | Pin | Pair | Wire | Color | 1 | 3 | tip | white/green | 2 | 3 | ring | green | 3 | 2 | tip | white/orange | 4 | 1 | ring | blue | 5 | 1 | tip | white/blue | 6 | 2 | ring | orange | 7 | 4 | tip | white/brown | 8 | 4 | ring | brown |
The first thing to think about is placement of the router in regards to the rest of the peripherals, like notebooks, game consoles and other wireless devices in the home. The second floor is usually the best place but, can vary depending on your room layout. Once placed now you have to run the wires, one to each of the computers, this can get messy if you are not sure on how to do it, to make life easier just run one at a time. The cable is limited in length to a maximum of 328 feet or 90 meters. Once the cables are run and hook up to your computers and the network is working (presumed all tested and configured), you are probably asking how fast “is my information” moving in the network. Most people think that the speed test sites on the Internet test this but, alas it only test the speed from the Internet to your modem. Check these results against what you ISP bill. You network speed in only as fast as the slowest speed on the network. You NIC is rated 1g on all the wired connections, your wireless (depending on router) 300bps, but your router is only 10/100 meaning 10mb or 100mb. So the fastest connections speed is around 100mps, now with that covered throughput is going to be a lot slower how much slower all depends on many factors, size of the data being transferred , protocol use to send or receive and the other traffic on the network.

The above shows the typical cabling pattern in a CAT5 end connection.
Variants
Speed [Mbit/s] | Distance [m] | Name | Standard
/ Year | Description | 1 | 100 (nominally) | StarLAN | 802.3e 1986[9] | Runs over four wires (two twisted pairs) on telephone twisted pair or Category 3 cable. An active hub sits in the middle and has a port for each node. Manchester coded signaling. | 10 | 100 (nominally) | LattisNet | (pre) 802.3i 1987 | Runs over AT&T Premises Distribution System (PDS) wiring or four wires (two twisted pairs) on telephone twisted pair or Category 3 cable.[3][10] | 10 | 100 (nominally)[11] | 10BASE-T | 802.3i 1990 | Runs over four wires (two twisted pairs) on a Category 3 or Category 5 cable. Star topology with an active hub or switch sits in the middle and has a port for each node. This is also the configuration used for 100BASE-T and gigabit Ethernet. Manchester coded signaling. | 100 | 100 | 100BASE-TX | 802.3u 1995 | 4B5B MLT-3 coded signaling, CAT5 copper cabling with two twisted pairs. | 1000 | 100 | 1000BASET | 802.3ab 1999 | PAM-5 coded signaling, At least Category 5 cable, with Category 5e strongly recommended copper cabling with four twisted pairs. Each pair is used in both directions simultaneously. | 10 000 | 100 | 10GBASET | 802.3an 2006 | THP PAM-16 coding. Uses category 6a cable. |

Site visited: http://www.cat-5-cable-company.com/faq-maximum-length-cat-5-cable.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_over_twisted_pair includes life and workplace experience