...Ben Cantrell Mr. Riley Brit/Lit 20 October ,2016 History of Welding Well in the history of welding. where the first welding was spotted was in Egypt during the 4000 B.C. (Welding history is thorough to begin in Egypt in starting in 4000 B.C in seral civilization started with cooper then progressed bronze to silver to gold to iron.) (Jeff grill). Just like on down the time line they have discovered tin. (Humans started working with bronze between 3000 and 2000bc. During the bronze and small gold circular boxes.) (Jeff Grill). Just like all the golden statues in Rome or even Egypt. That’s how they made their swords amour helmets. (The Samurais made swords using soldering) (Jeff Grill). Just like a little way down the timeline. (Cobalt used by Persians to color glass) (Jeff Grill). The Persians used this technique to color glass to make a picture in the church windows. In Egypt they used a technique called brazing. (painting discovered of brazing on a tomb of Vizien Rekh-mi-re) (Jeff Grill). The Egyptians also use a blow pipe and soldering trick to make a cups or vases. (Egyptians used solider and a blow pipe to in 1330bc for metal soldering) (Jeff Grill). In the 1000bc they found out how to bend metal and make stuff. (Iron work started bending metal while the use of a furnace to produce...
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...Welding Before I start my essay I’d like to briefly go over the history of welding. Welding can trace its historic development back to ancient times. The earliest examples come from the Bronze Age. Small gold circular boxes were made by pressure welding lap joints together. It is estimated that these boxes were made more than 2000 years ago. During the Iron Age the Egyptians and people in the eastern Mediterranean area learned to weld pieces of iron together. Many tools were found which were made approximately 1000 B.C. (“History of Welding”). During the Middle Ages, the art of blacksmithing was developed and many items of iron were produced which were welded by hammering. It was not until the 19th century that welding, as we know it today...
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... JULY INTAKE 2012 RESISTANCE WELDING REPORT NAME | TRAINEE ID | JACK LAI KAR HAO | 323265 | ALLEN LAW CHI SEAN | 323359 | L.F NAME : MOHD. FADZIL BIN MUSA CONTENTS m/s Overview and introduction 3 Variables in welding process 4 How is resistance welding work 5 Types of resistance welding 6 Advantages and disadvantages of resistance welding 10 Application of resistance welding 11 Conclusion 12 Overview of Resistance Welding Introduction In simplest terms, welding is a process by which two or more pieces of metal are joined by applying heat and pressure. Back in the good old days, blacksmiths and other crafty people would heat metals in a furnace and then weld them by hammering the red-hot metals together. By hammering the metals as they cooled, the weld would be made stronger. This heating-and-hammering method is known as forge welding. While forge welding worked quite well for most of the welding done back then, today's welding requirements are a bit more advanced. After...
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...NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DURGAPUR A PROJECT REPORT ON “SPOT BURR REDUCTION BY IMPROVING THE WORKABILITY OF SPOT GUN” Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering Submitted By Mayukh Biswas ( 10/ME/27) Project Work Carried Out at Toyota Kirloskar Motor Private Limited Under the Guidance of Mr. Abhinand S AM Underbody, Weld Shop ( Plant 1 ) Toyota Kirloskar Motor (TKM) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DURGAPUR (DEEMED UNIVERSITY) M.G. ROAD, DURGAPUR 713209 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Project work entitled “SPOT BURR REDUCTION BY IMPROVING THE WORKABILITY OF SPOT GUN” Carried out by Mayukh Biswas bearing R. No. : 10/ME/27 in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering of National Institute of Technology, Durgapur. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporate in the Report. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project work prescribed for said Degree. Mr. Abhinand S AM Underbody, Weld Shop (Plant 1) Toyota Kirloskar Motor (TKM) Ms. Mili Mathew HR Learning & Development Toyota Kirloskar Motor (TKM) Acknowledgement It gives me great pleasure to acknowledge the numerous personalities involved in lending their help to make this Project Work titled “ SPOT BURR REDUCTION...
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...Incident Background Simon had been undertaking welding activities for an extended period of time when he reported blurred vision and sore eyes. Supervision was compromised and Simon welded without appropriate eye protection and as a result he sustained extensive damage and permanent loss of vision to both eyes. With an increase in industry demand and production, the company engaged seven (7) contractors to work on the site which increased the Leading Hands supervisory requirements from the usual three (3) workers to ten (10) workers with the addition of Simon. The Leading Hand then instructed Simon to work alongside a contractor and weld the base of a silo to its walls as Simon had stated that he had completed welding tasks during his school...
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...Platinum Chain Making Tino Volpe • TIFFANY & CO. History The definition of chain is as simple as interlocking links of metal. If the metal happens to be precious metal, then we consider the chain jewelry. In preparing for this paper, I began my research with the understanding that finding information on chain making, especially historical information, would be a fairly simple task. However, after looking through old copies of jewelry history books, surfing the internet, and interviewing people with a long history in the industry, I arrived at the conclusion that the history of chain making is either a well kept secret or just not of much interest to anyone. Precious metal chain for jewelry has been around for a long time. Basically when man first began working extensively with gold back in Neolithic times he found that certain metals, most notably pure gold, were extremely ductile and could be hammered and stretched to a great degree. With the invention of wire, man could now take something rigid like metal and turn it into something flexible like chain. Chain making has always been, up until the middle of the 18th century, a labor-intensive time consuming hand operation. It was a well-versed art and most books on jewelry will demonstrate basic techniques on making chain by hand. Before automated wire drawing machines, the craftsman had to hammer down and pull metal through succeeding smaller dies to form thin wire. Once the wire was pulled down to the needed diameter...
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...1 Arc welding - an overview 1.I History of welding Methods for joining metals have been known for thousands of years, but for most of this period the only form of welding was forge welding by a blacksmith. A number of totally new welding principles emerged at the end of 19th century; sufficient electrical current could then be generated for resistance welding and arc welding. Arc welding was initially carried out using carbon electrodes, developed by Bemados, and was shortly followed by the use of steel rods. The Swede Oskar Kjellberg made an important advance when he developed and patented the coated electrode. The welding result was amazing and formed the foundation of the ESAB welding company. Figure 1. I Principle of Manual Metal Arc ( M M ) welding. Another early method of welding which was also developed at that time was gas welding. The use of acetylene and oxygen made it possible to produce a comparatively high flame temperature, 3100°C, which is higher than that of other hydrocarbon based gas. The intensity of all these heat sources enables heat to be generated in, or applied to, the workpiece quicker than it is conducted away into the surrounding metal. Consequently it is possible to generate a molten pool, which solidifies to form the unifying bond between the parts being joined. Figure 1.2 Submerged arc welding. © 2003, Woodhead Publishing Ltd WELDING PROCESSES HANDBOOK Later, in the 1930s, new methods were developed. Up until then, all metal-arc welding...
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...phenomenological characteristics of LME. The significance of liquid metal embrittlement is revealed by the practical observation of several structures experiencing ductility losses and cracking during hot dip galvanizing or during subsequent fabrication. Liquid metal embrittlement effects can be observed even in solid state, when one of the metals is brought close to its melting point (e.g. cadmium-coated parts operating at high temperature). This phenomenon is known as solid metal embrittlement. OBSERVATIONS OF LME Mechanical structures are typically a space frame fabricated from parallel large diameter tubes, called chords, cross braced by smaller diameter perpendicular and diagonal tubes(e.g. sign bridge structures over freeway) .After welding, the structure is hot dip galvanized. The hot dip galvanizing process consists of submerging the structure in a bath of molten zinc. This leaves a relatively uniform zinc coating over the entire structure upon removal from the bath. This coating provides corrosion protection for the underlying steel tubes and welds. Their inspection, after a while, revealed numerous cracks in the welds joining the small diameter tubes to the chords. The cracked areas were then cut from the structure and submitted to Metallurgical Associates Inc. (MAI) for analysis. Their examination of such sections...
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...point in 2006, Stropki looked back on his company’s more than 100 years in the welding equipment and consumables industry with pride, wondering whether a strong push into India should be the next step in his company’s globalization. An India expansion had been considered for several years, but thus far the company had focused on growing its operations in China and elsewhere around the globe. If Stropki were to approve a significant allocation of resources toward an India expansion, he wondered what would be the best way to enter. He had a wealth of company lessons and experiences to apply to the India investment decision, as his company had had international operations since the 1940s, had struggled internationally in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and had gone on to regain its global competitive advantage in the late 1990s and early 2000s. During Stropki’s tenure as CEO since 2004, the company had further expanded globally and by 2006 owned manufacturing operations in 19 countries across five continents. Most recently, the company had enjoyed increasing success in China as a result of its aggressive expansion through both a joint venture and set of majority-owned plants. As Stropki opened the Cleveland newspaper to check the previous Sunday’s Cleveland Browns score, he wondered how he could apply the lessons of the Chinese experience in particular, to India. Welding Industry Welding is a technique for joining pieces of metal by fusion through the application of ...
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...Fabfurnish Following my under graduation, to tap the taste of start ups and ever growing interest in marketing – I started working ……<framing this> The front end marketing analytics, where direct cum indirect interaction with the customers and their reaction pushed us how to increase the conversion rate and engagement with audiences. <need to frame this> Customer Insights – based on that taking further actions Launching the new campaigns on facebook and optimizing them on the key metrics like CTR(Cost to revenue Ratio),CPC(Cost per Click),CPV(Cost per Visit)– lowering the CRR (Cost to Revenue Ratio – inverse of ROI) bought down by 70%. Optimization was done on the basis of reports in which number are stacked up from Google Analytics and FB Power Editor to check the bounce rate and Conversion Rate Good with reports and reports making Engaging in Mobile as this was the time in India (late 2014) where mobile grew as a major player in the advertising industry and various different inventory of FB like MPA (multiple ads) and doing the category wise segmentation & performing the strategic group analysis which help in growth of 40% mobile revenue. - - -> key insight ran ads of those products which have low basket value (<1000 INR) since audience have more interaction for these products on mobile platform and thus increasing the funds in this segment and generating a 14 lac transaction in a single day through optimized reports * To show interest in...
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...and two 8-inch pieces of angle iron. The bar will serve as the top crossbar in your frame while the angle irons will join the frame to a wooden base. 3• Stand all three tubes on their ends, with the long tubes 5.5 inches apart. Place the short tube in between them and use an arc welder to weld the steel crossbar at their top ends, and the angle iron pieces on both sides of their bottom ends. This will make a rectangular metal frame with the short pipe in the middle of one short side. • 4 File or grind any rough edges from your frame, then paint it. The paint will dampen down any shavings. Once painted, it can be attached to a wooden base by passing screws through the holes in the angle iron piece. • 5 Make the press canister by welding a circular piece cut from your plate steel onto one end of a wide steel tube. Drill holes through the outside of the canister and file down any rough edges. • 6 Form the press piston by cutting another circle of plate steel just small enough to fit inside the press canister. On one side of the disk, weld a short length of pipe with a diameter big enough to fit snugly over the end of the short pipe in the press's frame. • 7 Chop off the bottom third of a round plastic jug and cut a hole in the center of it big enough for the middle pipe in your frame. This will collect the oil as it drips...
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...preheat holes or in a two-piece tip the cutting tip will overheat and explode. a. True b. False 4. A cutting torch is used for cutting, welding, and heating. a. True b. False 5. Most hand torches can cut metal up to seven inches thick. a. True b. False 6. It is possible to cut steel that is four feet thick. a. True b. False 7. Acetylene should be used in a two-piece cutting tip. a. True b. False 8. Acetylene cutting tips should be one piece with 1 to 6 preheat holes. a. True b. False 9. The chance of a flashback is less with low pressure regulator settings that with high pressure settings. a. True b. False 10. The oxyfuel gas cutting torch works as a result of the metal being rapidly melted. a. True b. False 11. Hard slag is easier than soft slag to remove. a. True b. False 12. Distortion is not a problem if the correct fuel gas is used. a. True b. False 13. By looking at the drag lines in a cut, you can determine whether the cut was made correctly or incorrectly. a. True b. False 14. The two major methods for controlling distortion while make a cut is making two parallel cuts at the same time and speed and making a short cut and skipping a strip to keep the plate from separating. a. True b. False 15. The advantaged of a combination welding and cutting...
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...Molding Methods Molding process is used to create intricate metal components. The mold material used to make these “molds” could be either temporary or permanent. Temporary molds are made up of refractory sands and resins. The temporary mold has to be broken to retrieve the cast. Permanent molds are made of ferrous materials and are normally employed for casting low melting point materials but this process is too costly. Because of this conundrum, most of the foundry industry has its castings produced using temporary mold materials. Compared to permanent molds, the temporary sand molds can cast high melting point materials and larger parts, while permanent molds can produce small castings of better quality and dimensional accuracy. Sand casting uses temporary sand molds to form complex metal components that can be made of almost any alloy. Sand casting has a relatively lower production rate as each time the part solidifies, the mold has to be broken to retrieve the part. The sand casting process makes use of a furnace, metal, pattern, and sand mold. The metal is melted in the furnace, ladled, and then poured into the cavity of the refractory sand molds. The sand mold is separated using “parting sad” and the solidified cast can be removed. Its relatively cheap and can even be used for steel foundry use. Apart from sand, a bonding agent such as clay is generally used. Water or some other moisturising agent is added to this mixture to develop strength and plasticity of the clay...
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...Welding Improvements Welding has always been an important aspect in the agriculture industry, from having to weld broken tractor parts back together to making the actual tractor. If you look around anywhere you go you are most likely to spot on something that has had some welding work done on it, welding plays a role in our everyday uses, so we all benefit from it, not just agriculturist. Welding dates back to the middle ages and throughout the years it has had many improvements in the tools used for welding and also in the safety equipment. Welding is definitely a difficult and dangerous occupation so every improvement, not only in the tools itself but also in personal protection equipment has been a step in the positive direction for the welding industry. Dating back to the middle and Iron ages, there have been examples of welding traced back to over 2000 years ago such as small gold boxes that were made by pressure welding or even pieces of iron that were found welded together in the eastern Mediterranean area. In the 19th century, though, is when welding, as we know it today, was invented. To begin this history trip, Mr. Edmund Davy was credited for the discovery of acetylene in 1836. Oxyacetylene is used in welding to this day, when acetylene combusts along with oxygen it can produce a flame over 3,330 degrees...
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...BUSI 1317: Srategic management | Lincoln Electric | The Welding Industry’s Titan | | | | 1st December, 2014 ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to analyze Lincoln Electric’s overall strategy and business model and evaluate how generalizable is the company’s business model in other industries, specifically focusing on feasible strategies for one of the fastest developing country, India. | Contents Lincoln Electric’s Background 2 Recent Reporting 2 Main Features of the Lincoln Electric Business Model 2 Company Philosophy 2 Overall Strategy 3 Compensation, Leadership and Communication 3 How generalizable is Lincoln Business Model to other industries? 4 How generalizable is the Lincoln’s approach to India? 5 Employment System 5 Incentive System 6 Conclusion 6 Appendices 7 Exhibit 1: Hofstede's Dimensions Comparison - India & USA 7 Exhibit 2: India and U.S GDP Comparison 7 Bibliography 8 Lincoln Electric’s Background Lincoln Electric Company is the largest manufacturer of welding equipment in the world and has been in existence for over 100 years since 1895. The founder, John C. Lincoln started the business selling his own designed electric motors with the $200 he made from redesigning Herbert Henry Dow’s engine (Paul F. Buller, 2006). The company grew steadily, and in 1906 sales rise to $50,000 a year. John expanded his work force and in 1907, his brother, James F. Lincoln joined the company as a senior manager and introduced...
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