1. Oxygentated blood has picked up oxygen from the lungs. Deoxygenated blood has had most of its oxygen removed and needs to return to the lungs for re-oxygenation. Oxygenated blood is bright red. Deoxygenated blood is dark red. Oxygenated blood cells have a relaxed shape whereas deoxygenated blood cells have a tense shape.
2. Carbon dioxide concentration decreases as blood nears the lungs, which in return causes and increase in pH . Increased pH causes increased affinity for oxygen which causes the hemoglobin to pick up oxygen entering your blood to be transported to the body’s tissue. Hemoglobin loses hydrogen ions from specific amino acids at key sites as pH rises causing slight changes in its structure that increase its ability to bind oxygen. As pH falls hemoglobin picks up hydrogen ions and its affinity for oxygen decreases. Increasing carbon dioxide concentration in your tissues cause a decrease in pH, which in turn forces hemoglobin to dump the oxygen it's carrying so your cells can use it for energy
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a.
3.
B. 1. 2. 3. Diseased cells have lower than normal ability to transport oxygen. Sickle cell hemoglobin is stiff and sticky. They stick together and do not flow through vessels easily causing blockages. The blockages caused by sickle cells affect oxygen being transported to tissues in the body.
4.
a. Sickle cell disease is an inherited condition. People who receive the sickle cell gene from only parent have sickle cell trait which normally causes no health issues. People who receive the sickle cell gene from both parents have sickle cell disease.
