GRT Task 1

A. DNA Replication

* Helicase : An enzyme unravels the DNA * Primase : An enzyme synthesizes the RNA primers * DNA Polymerase I : An enzyme removes the RNA primer and puts in the nucleotides which make the DNA in the direction 5’ to 3’. * DNA Polymerase III : An enzyme catalyze the synthesis of the new strand in a 5´->3´ direction. * Topoisomerase : An enzyme can break and reform the bond in DNA

B. The role of the ligase enzyme in the replication of DNA

* DNA Polymerase I : An enzyme removes the RNA primer and puts in the nucleotides which make the DNA in the direction 5’ to 3’. * DNA Polymerase III : An enzyme catalyze the synthesis of the new strand in a 5´->3´ direction. * Ligase : An enzyme catalyzes the joining of Okazaki fragments into a single DNA strand.

C. mRNA in Transcription & Translation

* RNA Polymerase 1 : An enzyme recognizes and binds promoter * RNA Polymerase 2 : An enzyme transcribes the pre-mRNA strand * Ribozyme : Performing speacial biochemical reactions like protein enzyme

D. Role of RNA polymerase inhibition in causing the poisonous effect of the death cap mushroom * The death cap mushroom is one of the dealiest poisonous mushroom in the world. It is fatal because of its toxic called alpha-amanitin. * α-amanitin has a high specificity for RNA polymerase II in the liver. By inhibiting this enzyme it prevents the formation of mRNA and stops protein synthesis, resulting in cell death and subsequent liver failure. When filtered through the kidneys, the toxin can then be reabsorbed into the bloodstream and re-circulated around the body, causing repeated liver and kidney damage. (Shiells, 2013) * Reproduction is one of the key for continuance of life. Consequently, the body’s cells are not replaced and the cell dies.

References
Shiells,