...Information Systems 4e Brett Considine, Alison Parkes, Karin Olesen, Yvette Blount & Derek Speer by Alison Parkes John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd 2013 Chapter 9: Transaction cycle – the revenue cycle Discussion Questions 9.1 Brisbane Ltd has always had a strategy of product differentiation; that is, providing high quality products and extracting a price premium from the market. During the recent economic downturn, Brisbane Ltd has seen its customer base diminish and has decided to move strategically to a cost leadership strategy, that is, to try to sell more products at a lower price. (a) What are the implications of this strategy change for the revenue cycle? (LO1). This strategy change will have big implications for the revenue cycle, which is fundamentally driven by the level of sales. All existing policies and procedures will be geared around volume, pricing and quality targets flowing from the product differentiation (high price / high quality) strategy. To move to a cost leadership (high volume / low price) strategy requires revisiting and realigning existing policies and procedures. (b) What changes would you expect to see in the revenue cycle? (LO4). Assessing changes in the order of the processes in the revenue cycle: 1.1 The inventory check would be performed as described however the policy relating to tolerances on inventory decisions may alter, allowing Brisbane Ltd to accept orders that they may previously have not processed...
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...WAlmart | Accounting Cycle Paper | Accounting Cycle of Walmart | | Melanie Bartholomew | September 2, 2012 | When a company, like Walmart, begins to prepare financial statements and reports at the end of an accounting cycle they generally use Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and “the collective process of recording and processing the accounting events” (Definition of ‘Accounting Cycle’, 2012), known as the accounting cycle. There are nine steps involved in the accounting cycle. Walmart would begin the process by collecting and analyzing data from their events and transactions. Next, the company puts those transactions into a general journal. After journalizing their transactions the company posts these entries to the general ledger. The next step in the accounting cycle is to prepare an unadjusted trial balance. Once the unadjusted trial balance is completed the company makes the appropriate adjustments and then prepares an adjusted trial balance. Adjustment entries are made to ensure the company follows revenue recognition and the matching principle and report appropriate assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity at the statement date; and ensure proper reporting of revenues and expenses for the accounting period. This is an important step in the accounting process because the data in the unadjusted trial balance may not be up-to-date and complete. This happens because not all events require daily journalizing and because the company may have some costs that...
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...outstanding multiplied by price per share) for a number of reasons. Most assets are not reported at fair value, but instead are measured according to historical cost. Also, there are certain resources, such as trained employees, an experienced management team, and a good reputation, that are not recorded as assets at all. Therefore, the assets of a company minus its liabilities, as shown in the balance sheet, will not be representative of the company’s market value. Question 3-3 Current assets include cash and other assets that are reasonably expected to be converted to cash or consumed during one year, or within the normal operating cycle of the business if the operating cycle is longer than one year. The typical asset categories classified as current assets include: — Cash and cash equivalents — Short-term investments — Accounts receivable — Inventories — Prepaid expenses Question 3-4 Current liabilities are those obligations that are expected to be satisfied through the use of current assets or the creation of other current liabilities....
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..._____________________________________________ Problem 1 (extracted from CCH 15/16 – Study Guide- Similar to Q1 in Study Guide 14/15) You are a co-op student working in the accounting department at Crystal Enterprises Inc. and have been asked to help with the year-end tax provision. You have gone through the detailed accounts that make up the company’s income statement and have made a list of items for which you have questions. When you took them to your boss, he asked you to determine whether the accounting treatment and the tax treatment are the same, and, if they are not, what they should do. (1) The company made charitable donations of $15,000 in the year. (2) While looking at the accounts receivable you noticed that they had set up an allowance for doubtful accounts for $120,000, calculated, based on their past history, as 60% of the accounts receivable that have been outstanding more than 60 days. (3) You also noticed that they wrote off bad debts of $15,000 during the year. (4) They included in revenue $10,000 received from a customer for goods to be delivered about two months after the year end. This is not a material amount so no adjustment was made at year end to account for this as deferred revenue. (5) You noticed that the professional fees showed legal and accounting fees of $25,000 related to the re-financing of the company’s long-term debt. (6) In miscellaneous expenses you saw that some application software of $12,000 was expensed, as was $30,000 for landscaping the grounds...
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...Audit Program Design Part III Sheila Dunn ACC 546 May 13, 2013 Cecil Lucy Audit Program Design Part III Inventory and Warehouse Cycle The inventory and warehouse cycle can be divided into five sections: acquire and record raw materials, labor, and overhead, internally transfer assets and costs, ship goods and record revenue and costs, physically observe inventory, and price and compile inventory. The following will be the tests of control, substantive tests of transactions, and analytical procedures. 1. Acquire and record raw materials, labor, and overhead a. Tests of control i. Check to make sure that all materials ordered have been accounted for ii. Check to make sure that there are records for all orders iii. Check payroll from payroll and personnel cycle iv. Check to make sure that the inventory is not overstocked b. Substantive test of transactions i. Take a sample of the orders placed ii. Make sure that the sample reflects that all material were received iii. Sample the payroll to make sure there are no discrepancies iv. Sample the inventory to make sure that it is replenished and constantly moving c. Analytical procedures i. Compare the results to prior years to ensure that the data matches up ii. Determine if there any risks 2. Internally transfer assets and costs a. Tests of controls i. Check financial statements to ensure assets were transferred ii. Check for the costs related to the business ...
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...Chapter 3 The Balance Sheet and Financial Disclosures AACSB assurance of learning standards in accounting and business education require documentation of outcomes assessment. Although schools, departments, and faculty may approach assessment and its documentation differently, one approach is to provide specific questions on exams that become the basis for assessment. To aid faculty in this endeavor, we have labeled each question, exercise, and problem in Intermediate Accounting, 7e with the following AACSB learning skills: |Questions |AACSB Tags |Exercises (cont.) |AACSB Tags | |3–1 |Reflective thinking |3–3 |Reflective thinking | |3–2 |Reflective thinking |3–4 |Analytic | |3–3 |Reflective thinking |3–5 |Analytic | |3–4 |Reflective thinking |3–6 |Analytic | |3–5 |Reflective thinking |3–7 |Analytic | |3–6 |Reflective thinking ...
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...1. Accounting is an information and measurement system that identifies, records, and communicates relevant, reliable, and comparable information about an organization's business activities. True False 2. Managerial accounting is the area of accounting that provides internal reports to assist the decision making needs of internal users. True False 3. The primary objective of financial accounting is to provide general purpose financial statements to help external users analyze and interpret an organization's activities. True False 4. The area of accounting aimed at serving the decision making needs of internal users is: Financial accounting. Managerial accounting. External auditing. SEC reporting. Bookkeeping. 5. External users of accounting information include all of the following except: Shareholders. Customers. Purchasing managers. Government regulators. Creditors. 6. Social responsibility: Is a concern for the impact of our actions on society. Is a code that helps in dealing with confidential information. Is required by the SEC. Requires that all businesses conduct social audits. Is limited to large companies. 7. A corporation: Is a business legally separate from its owners. Is controlled by the FASB. Has shareholders who have unlimited liability for the acts of the corporation. Is the same as a limited liability partnership. Is not subject to double taxation ...
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...save the file and upload into the Drop Box for this assignment Chpt 13. (Your answers should be included inside this document.) 1. Name: Xiangyu Liu 3. Major Economic 4. Purpose for taking this course? E.G. Work requirement, CPA Exam, AA, Transfer Transfer 5. Do you have a degree already? If yes, what is your degree in? No 6. Are you working? If yes are you working fulltime or part? ______No____ In what Industry are you currently employed? 7. If you are working, what is your title ________No___________ What do you do? (Brief) 8. How many units are you currently enrolled in this session? _____12______ 9. Do you have internet access at home? _____Yes______ 10. On a scale of 1 to 10 rate your Computer skills as they relate to Excel. ____6_____ General Accounting Fundamentals 11. What is the Accounting Equation? Assets=liabilities + equity 12. What is the Purpose of a Chart of Accounts? The chart of accounts is a listing of all accounts used in the general ledger of an organization. The chart is used by the accounting software to aggregate information into an entity's financial statements. 13. What is the numeric sequence of the Chart of Accounts? 101-199 Asset accounts 201-299 liability accounts 301-399 equity accounts 401-499 revenue accounts 501-699 expense accounts 14. What is the purpose of Accounting? (Brief) Accounting is the process of identifying, measuring and communicating...
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...opening of chapter four features Arynetta’s business story. We learn that she has been very diligent about keeping accurate records of expenses and matching them with revenues in order to maintain a successful business. The following questions and responses should shed some more light on the importance of keeping financial statements and the benefits. 1.) 1.) Explain how a classification balance sheet can help Arynetta Floyzelle know what bills are due when, and whether she has the resources to pay those bills. A classification balance sheet doesn’t have a required layout, but the most commonly included categories are: current assets, current liabilities, non-current assets, and non-current liabilities. The term “current” in this respect refers assets that are likely to be converted to cash quickly, and liabilities due for payment, within a year’s time or the company’s operating business cycle or a year’s time. Seeing her business is owned and operated by her and she offers goods not services,we can assume that a business like Girl Team Mobile will operate within an operating business cycle for a merchandiser. The cycle for a merchandiser consists of the time between when suppliers are paid to the time the merchant receives payment for the items they are selling. In Arynetta’s case, this would in the cycle in which suppliers are...
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...Financial statements are the basic statements that summarize the financial activities of a business and are prepared by businesses to indicate the financial steadiness of the business to investors, creditors, and other external entities (McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2009). The income statement is a representation of the revenues and expenses for a specific period of time in a business. Its purpose is to detail the revenues, expenses, and net income or loss. A net income is the result of revenues exceeding expenses and a net loss is the result of expenses exceeding revenues. The income statement does not include investment and withdrawal transactions between the owner and the business in measuring net income. The investment and withdrawal transactions of the owner are not included on the income statement when measuring net income (Weygandt, Kieso, and Kimmel, p. 23). The owner's equity statement summarizes the changes in owner's equity for the same time period that the income statement covers and indicates why the owner’s equity has increased or decreased during that time period. The data included in the owner’s equity statement is derived from the income statement. It shows the owner’s beginning equity, investments, net income or loss, and the drawings of the owner (Weygandt, Kieso, and Kimmel, p. 23). The purpose of the statement of cash flows is to provide information on the cash receipts and payments for a specific period of time. It reports the effects of a company’s operations...
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...Marketing & Sales------ advertising, selling 5. Service-------------------- repair, maintenance Characteristic of Useful Information 1. Relevant 2. Reliable 3. Timely 4. Verifiable 5. Understandable 6. Accessible 7. Complete Chapter 2/SUA Purpose/use of general ledger, subsidiary ledgers, special journals and cash prelist General Ledger= contains summary level data for every asset, liability, equity and revenue, and expense account...(accounts receivable) Subsidiary Ledger= contains detailed data for any general ledger account with many individualized subaccounts.... (Separate account for each accounts receivable) General Journal= used to record infrequent or non-routine transaction, such as loan payments Specialized Journal= records large numbers of repetitive transactions such as sales, cash receipts, and cash disbursement Sequence of events in accounting cycle 1. Collect Data 2. Journalize Transactions (capture in transaction files) 3. Post transactions to accounts in ledger (G/L master file) 4. Prepare unadjusted trial balance 5. Prepare and Post adjusting entries 6. Prepare adjusted trial balance 7. Prepare...
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...asset classifications. notes to the financial statements and to Identify and describe the two balance sheet liability classifications. explore how this information is used by Explain the purpose of financial statement decision makers. disclosures. LO6 Explain the purpose of the management discussion and analysis disclosure. LO7 Explain the purpose of an audit and describe the content of the audit report. LO8 Identify and calculate the common liquidity and financing ratios used to assess risk. FINANCIAL REPORTING CASE What’s It Worth? “I can’t believe it. Why don’t you accountants prepare financial statements that are relevant?” Your friend Jerry is a finance major and is constantly badgering you about what he perceives to be a lack of relevance of financial statements prepared according to generally accepted accounting principles. “For example, take a look at this balance sheet for Leon’s Furniture Limited (www.leons.ca) that I just downloaded off the Internet. Leon’s is a furniture company with...
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...P22. 6. Internal and external users of accounting information have similar needs in that both groups are required to make financial decisions. Managers (internal users) are required to make many day-to-day decisions in running their organizations; they generally need more detailed and more timely information. The information supplied to managers can be in any form that fits the specific questions and circumstances facing the manager. Investors and creditors, the primary external users, need summarized data to assist in making investing and lending decisions. The information supplied to external users should follow generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) so that the information is consistent and comparable and, therefore, more useful for decision making. 8. Financial reports are prepared primarily for external users, mainly investors and creditors. It is important that the financial reports of different companies be based on the same set of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) so that the results are comparable. Thus, investors can choose from among several companies the ones in which they wish to invest, and lenders can select those entities that they feel are creditworthy. If there were no general guidelines upon which financial reports were based, the reports of companies would likely be so different that comparisons and meaningful analysis of company results would be impossible P55. 4. Readers of annual reports need to compare the financial...
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...PEACHTREE ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE Accounting 352 Course Project Part 1 Elizabeth Pearson July 16, 2013 Professor Nadonya Jackson Section I: Overview Peachtree Accounting Software is a software program made for small and medium sized businesses sold by Sage. This software enables controllers and mangers to automate and manage the numerous accounting tasks involved in a business. Peachtree software can benefit a company by providing accuracy that manual bookkeeping cannot. Some of these tasks include; reconciling accounts payable and receivables, creating financial statements, creating and checking invoices, tracking banking transfers and payroll, importing and manipulating spreadsheets, and integrating scanned documents like checks, receipts and invoices. Peachtree also makes it easy to manage inventory, tracking which of your items are being sold to which customer and how many. Employee management on performance and how to manage and develop your employees is also available through the use of the subscribers of Peachtree Business Care or Peachtree Payroll Systems, where you can receive access to comprehensive human resources information. Peachtree accounting software is intuitive enough that you may be able to dig in and get started, especially if you have some accounting knowledge. The programs are divided into several functional areas, including customers and sales, vendors and purchases, and company (Yakel)...
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...REVENUE CYCLE: SALES TO CASH COLLECTIONS ------------------------------------------------- DEFINITION OF REVENUE CYCLE The recurring set of business activities and data processing operations associated with: * Provides goods and services to customers * Collects cash in payment for those sales Primary Objective: * Provide the right product * In the right place * At the right time for the right price ------------------------------------------------- BASIC REVENUE CYCLE ACTIVITIES & GENERAL THREATS BASIC REVENUE CYCLE ACTIVITIES 1. Sales order entry 2. Shipping 3. Billing 4. Cash collections GENERAL REVENUE CYCLE THREATS 1. Inaccurate or invalid master data 2. Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information 3. Loss or destruction of master data 4. Poor performance GENERAL REVENUE CYCLE CONTROLS 1. Data processing integrity controls 2. Restriction of access to master data 3. Review of all changes to master data 4. Access controls 5. Encryption 6. Backup and disaster recovery procedures 7. Managerial reports 1. ------------------------------------------------- SALES ORDER ENTRY ACTIVITIES AND THREATS | CONTROL | 1. Take order 1. Incomplete/inaccurate orders 2. Invalid orders | 3. Data entry edit controls 4. Restriction of access to master data 5. Digital signatures or written signatures | 2. Check and approve credit *...
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