...Conjoined twins, club foot, Enceohalocele, and Anencephaly are all birth defects. They are the birth defects that I’ll be researching and discussing. About 3 in 10,000 pregnancies will have anencephaly (Facts about Anencephaly). Each year about 375 babies in the United States are born with encephalocele (Canfield MA). About 1 in 1,000 babies are born with clubfoot in the United States each year (Clubfoot). Conjoined twins are usually genetically identical. There for, the mother only produces one egg. When the embryo starts to split in the first few weeks it doesn’t complete the process, which results in conjoined twins (Facts About the Twins). Then the partially split egg develops into a conjoined twin. Since conjoined twins are so rare it’s hard to know what the causes are for the egg to stop splitting completely, however, conjoined twins occur more often in Latin American than they do in the United States or Europe (Conjoined Twins). One of the first documented conjoined twins was Mary and Eliza Chulkhurst. They were born in the year 1100, they were joined at the hip, in Biddenden, County of Kent, in England. They lived to be 34 years old (Facts About the Twins). Radica and Doodica Neik were born in Orissa, India, in 1888. They were conjoined with a band of cartilage at their chests. When Doodica developed tuberculosis in 1902 a Paris doctor,...
Words: 885 - Pages: 4
...This was OH MY GOD not what I signed up for, and certainly not what I expected. One deals with conjoined twins, Grace and Tippi, and their struggles and laughs and loves, as they tackle everyday problems in their extraordinary ways. It is emotional, and beautiful, and it’s written in verse form. Verse, you guys. Anything, even my shopping list, evokes emotion in me when it’s written in verse form. Especially when it contains peanut butter, then it really starts the waterworks because peanut butter. The book is about conjoined twins, and that in itself was unique and brilliant. It’s a topic that we very rarely see and even rarely read about. The only other books about conjoined twins that I’ve heard of are The Girls by Lori Lansens and I do believe BZRK by Michael Grant has a set of conjoined characters. I’ve read neither books, only heard about them so reading One was a new, first-of-its-kind experience for me. And I can say happily that I wasn’t disappointed one bit....
Words: 527 - Pages: 3
...your identical twin are both involved in a terrible accident. Your brain is undamaged, but the rest of your body is so badly injured as to be moribund. Your identical twin’s brain has been destroyed, but the rest of his or her body is undamaged. Exploiting new techniques that enable the proper neural connections to be made between your brain and your twin’s body, your surgeons remove your twin’s dead brain and transplant your perfectly functional brain in its place.” (Mcmahan, page 110). He claims that intuitively we think that it is my brain and my twins body so this would result in me as the outcome, because I will have all my memories, past experiences, inclinations to act in a specific way, my dispositions and character traits all of those things are going to be in the new entity that is created and because it is in my identical twin I will kind of look the same. We have one entity at the end so it is clear that one of the two has died. But since most experiences, behaviors, ways of thinking, dispositions, previous knowledge, beliefs, memories and ways of reasoning are going to do with me since it is my brain it seems that the outcome is likely me. If we are actually human organisms and not more than human organism, then it would...
Words: 1161 - Pages: 5
...After Carson had graduated from John Hopkins university he then worked there and became at the young age of 33 a pediatric neurosurgeon at John Hopkins. A pediatric neurosurgeon performs the task of performing basic and complex brain surgeries. They can also diagnose and treat seizures that occur in young children. Carson started his career in 1984 which spreaded through a very successful career until he retired in 2013. Carsons is known to perform the first successful conjoined twin separation at the head surgery and also operate in a baby while the mother was still pregnant with it. in 1987 Carson and his team performed the first successful conjoined twin separation at the head on two siamese twins from germany. The procedure took more than 22 hours which involved untangling of vital blood vessels. This was the first surgery ever to have both twins surviving. Carson also performed this surgery in africa in 1997 but resulted in both of the twins dying. His most recent surgery however went successful with both twins surviving in 2002. He also discovered new techniques to help with babies who have seizures constantly. In 2008 he was recognized nationally for this great achievement. overall his career lasted a good 29 years which he helped many people and had a good influences in the field of medicine. Even though Ben Carson is mostly known for his medical careers he has also pursued others. Two of the major careers that he has pursued include and political which he is currently...
Words: 1131 - Pages: 5
...and has created a future and a great pathway for children to look up to him. Ben Carson's story was story of a city kid with poor grades and little motivation from anyone in his household or teacher at his school. Who at age 33 , became director of pediatric neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins University Hospital. His mother could barely read but still motivated him and his brothers to do better and make them believe that they could do anything they could and made them work harder. The boys didn’t realize that their mother had this problem but still listened to everything that she said because they knew that she only wanted the best for them. She changed the ways in their household so that she could make them realize that they could do what they wanted if they put their mind to it. She made them watch only two motivational and educational Tv shows that would help them motivate their thought process better. The brothers become hooked to a television quiz show, and write two library book reports every week, as their mother had told them. She was a babysitter and house cleaner that devoted her time to work hard and provide for her kids.She saved five dollars every time she earned a paycheck, so she could save up for her previous house and a school that actually wanted the boys in their school programs. Later, Ben and Curtis are transferred to...
Words: 575 - Pages: 3
...Personality Refection Julia Carter PSY/250 January 4, 2012 Dr. Helen Ordinde Personality Refection When we think of personality, what are we actually thinking about? In 1811 attached twins were born, joined at the waist they were said to have gotten along very well. Although these men were joined at the waist, they could feel one another's feelings. Chang and Eng had a great deal in common, gene and environment. They eventually develop a unique personality, as do other conjoined twin (Smith 1988). Here we will define personalities. How personality features defines one. We will describe how key concept or “construct’ are used to explain personality. We will look into the writers’ personality features, and how it changes according to the situations. Here we would exam result, if any of the writers’ personality test and find out their reactions to such test. Lastly, what would their expectation of a proper test be and what would make a personality test a reliable and valid? How would you define personality? Personality makeup the characteristic patterns of those thoughts, feelings, behaviors that make a person unique. In addition to this, personalities arise from within the individual and remain fairly consistent throughout life (Kendra Cherry). “We know that personality has eight key concepts, which together help us understand the complex nature of the individual. First, the individual is affected by unconscious aspects, forces that are not...
Words: 756 - Pages: 4
...The most groundbreaking medical discoveries on this earth have been found in the past several decades. However, not all of these discoveries were obtained though good judgement. Many of these instances occurred during World War II, when humans were wrongfully used as science experiments. These terrifying cases did not occur in just one place, but all across the globe. Unit 731, North Korean experimentation, illegal bomb testing and German experimentation of people is just a few of the monstrosities that happened during this time period. What is more surprising than the experiments is the outcomes for these patients, criminals, and overall effect on the world. For a period of eight years, during the second Sino-Japanese war, a large building known as Unit 731 was converted into a chemical and biological research and development building. Run by commander Shiro Ishii, this place was filled with morbid science experiments, all very unique from one another. Vivisections done on live people were fairly common, as well as amputations which would later be reassembled to other parts of the body. Humans became living test cases for...
Words: 959 - Pages: 4
...Genna Cahill English Composition 1001 Essay 2 Microtheme 5 After reading Rachel Adams’s chapter “Sideshow Cinema”, I have gained a new perspective on Tod Browning’s film Freaks. Adams suggests that there may be a fine line between monster and victim regarding the normal people, such as Cleopatra and Hercules, and the freaks, such as Hans and the conjoined Hilton twins. “After establishing Hans as a sympathetic character who suffers unwarranted abuse, the spectacle of Cleo’s body, mutilated at the hands of the freaks, leaves the viewer unsure about who is the victim and who aggressor,” Adams describes (77). Up until the point of Cleo’s revelation as the “chicken-woman”, the normal-looking people leave us to feel more sympathy for the freaks based on the treatment of them. Majority of the film, we see Cleo, Hercules, and their normal friends treat the freaks as inferiors, teasing them subtly to their faces and more so behind their backs. Therefore, in this sense, the normal people can be seen as monsters and the freaks as victims. The effect of the camera also gives us more sympathy for the freaks. The settings in which these people are placed affect the way we see them. For example, Hans is often placed next to larger objects, especially in Cleo’s wagon, and this makes him, in proportion, look much, much smaller than he actually is. This is true when we are looking at Cleopatra from his point of view as well. Compared to Hans, she seems a lot taller, and we can understand...
Words: 527 - Pages: 3
...Will and how he retrieved his golden wedding ring from the big fish on the day that his son was born. We find out later in the movie from Dr. Bennet, their family doctor, that he had a normal birth and that his father was out of town on business the day he was born. Ed’s story about the witch with a glass eye, which reveals the eventual death of anyone who looks into it. According to Ed, he and his friends all saw how their lives would end. These stories were not true. Will discovered, when he and his wife had rushed home from Paris after getting word his father was ill, there was a poetic truth behind many of his father’s stories. The giant Carl was a very tall man, but not a giant animal killer. The Siamese twins, Ping and Jing, were indeed twins but not conjoined. Sandra Templeton, his mother, who he first saw at the circus where he met his eventual lifelong friends, the ringmaster Amos Calloway, and the clown/attorney, Mr. Soggybottom, really did exist. The town of Spectre was a real town. Norther Winslow, the famous poet from his hometown of Ashton, really did exist and was a friend of Ed’s. When he was going through his father’s belongings he found a deed of a home his dad bought from Jenny in the town of Spectre. These characters and places in Ed’s life all came to fruition at the funeral and provided Will the proof he had been seeking all of his adult life and the truth behind his father’s incredible life. Granted the stories his father told were true but he added...
Words: 886 - Pages: 4
...begins with a question, “When did you get out?” The opening question emphasizes the title of the story on a particular notion to the reader. In the fictional story, the gangster, Benji and Reggie are twin brothers of ten months apart. They grew up together inseparably in every aspect. It was common for them to be seen together and when they were not, people always question them on where the other is. High school and puberty brought the difference between them physically. They would be seen away from each other severally, and they even looked different physically with Benji being skinny while Reggie looked chubby. Benji and Reggie are brought up in an upper middle class family, and their parents own a beach house in Sag harbor where they go to during the summers. In the summer of 1985, Benji was 15 years old, and Reggie was 14 years old. During the summer when the whole family left for their beach house, the boys would be left alone for some time when their parents went back to the city to work during the weekdays. Benji and Reggie are described, in the story, as Siamese twins when they were young, describing their inseparable nature. This is clearly brought out by the language used as quoted “Where is the surgeon, who is gifted enough to separate these conjoined twins? Paging Doctor Puberty, with arms scrubbed, smocked to the hilt, chasing the nurses and well versed in the latest means.” The story was set when Benji was 15 years of age, and until this time; they had...
Words: 1399 - Pages: 6
...when I was faced with betrayal by one of my closest friends that I felt I could trust. No one out there puts their trust into anyone when they already know that they will be betrayed or hurt. At least, I did not when my I allowed myself to become friends with someone named Carlos. I met Carlos when I was in elementary school, during a game of basketball during recess. We began hanging out a lot after our initial meeting and remained friends for the remainder of our grade school years; until Senior Prom. As the end of our High School Careers began to come to an end, so did the remainder of our friendship. We would go to parties together, meet new people together, and hang out together. One could say that we were basically non-conjoined Siamese Twins. This being said, there was not anything, or anybody, that we did not discuss. We knew of each other’s girlfriends, ex-girlfriends, women on the side, and close friends. That is why it surprised me when he betrayed me on the biggest night of High School. After careful planning and preparation, the pre-Prom festivities went smoothly. Me and my prom date, who at the time was also my girlfriend, arrived at Carlos’ house, Met up with Carlos and his Date, who was just a friend to him, took pictures, and rolled out to prom in our limo. Prom was nice, but we were more focused on the after...
Words: 610 - Pages: 3
...under the quota of being genetically defective. 1% of citizens between the age of 17 to 24 had been sterilized within 2 years of the law passing. Within 4 years, 300,000 patients had been sterilized. From about March 1941 to about January 1945, sterilization experiments were conducted at Auschwitz, Ravensbrück, and many other places by Dr. Carl Clauberg.injections of solutions contain iodine and silver nitrate were successful, however they had unwanted side effects such as vaginal bleeding, severe stomach pain, and cervixal cancer. radiation treatment became the popular choice of sterilization. Specific amounts of exposure to radiation destroyed a person’s ability to produce ovaries or sperm. The subjects would go into the room not knowing what lied ahead. than the subjects were brought into a room and asked to complete forms, which took usually two to three minutes. In this time, the radiation treatment was administered, unknowningly to the subjects, they werecompletely sterilized. Many suffered severe radiation...
Words: 1516 - Pages: 7
...Necessity is a civil defence while duress and duress of circumstances are criminal defences. Therefore in order to fully answer this question we must explore the defences of duress, duress of circumstances for criminal law and the defence of necessity for civil law and determine to what extent they provide a defence. In the case of Valderrama-Vega (1985) the D smuggled cocaine due to threats on his life and threats to disclose his homosexuality. The Court of Appeal quashed his conviction because the Jury did not look at the cumulative effects of all the threats that were made to him. A two stage test was introduced in the case of Graham (1982) when the D helped kill his wife because he was threatened by his homosexual lover. Was the D compelled to act as he did because he reasonably believed he had a good cause to fear serious injury or death? If so, would a sober person of reasonable firmness, sharing the characteristics of the accused have responded in the same way? As we can see by these two cases, the Courts are prepared to accept the defence when the D life is being threatened. In the case of Matrin (DP) (2000) the D suffered from a schizoid-affective state which would make him see things as threatening and believe the threats would be carried out, therefore the Court held that the correct test should have been whether, in view of the D condition, he may have reasonably feared for his own or mothers safety. So now we can see that the Court includes danger to oneself and...
Words: 1211 - Pages: 5
...Sonya Carson. Sonya married Robert at the age of 13 hoping he would make things better and take care of her. Sonya eventually discovered that Robert was a bigamist, meaning he entered into the marriage with Sonya, while still legally married to someone else. When she found this out she received a divorce from Robert. Robert left Sonya and her two kids, and went to live with his family. This left them financially devastated. Carson grew up in a poor environment, but was always appreciative of what he had. After graduating from Yale, Carson enrolled in the School of Medicine at the University of Michigan. There he met his wife, Lacrena Rustin. Carson received his medical degree and then moved to Baltimore with Lacrena. Carson is a former neurosurgeon, famous mostly for his campaign in the 2016 presidential race. Before running for president he was the Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Maryland from 1984-2013. Carson became famous for separating conjoined twins. As stated in an interview, it wasn't Carson's intention to enter politics. However, after the Prayer Breakfast in 2013, people expressed the desire for someone outspoken...
Words: 742 - Pages: 3
...the modern society which claims to be liberal and advanced in its thought and action. In a society which claims that its mothers are educated today and have `Devis` like Durga, Kali, Saraswati , Lakshmi etc whom not only women but men also pay obeisance , differentiate between a male child and a female child. All the propagandas of equality between male and female, equal opportunities to women in all the fields are belied. Dattani’s deep preoccupation with gender issues leads to the emergence of the idea of the twin side to one`s self –quite literally embodied in one body and the separation that follows Mahesh Dattani mentioned in one of his interviews with Lakshmi Subramanyam: ``I see Tara as a play about the male self and female self. The male self is being preferred in all cultures .The play is about the separation of self and the resultant angst` Erin Mee writes in the note of the play,``Tara centres on the emotional separation that grows between two conjoined twins following the discovery that their physical separation was manipulated by their mother and...
Words: 2893 - Pages: 12
