... Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Key Figures 4 Basic Assumptions and Key Concepts 7 Therapy – goals, clinical relationship and techniques 10 Conclusion 14 Appendix A – References 16 Introduction This essay will present and contrast the workings of the three major theories of counselling psychology mainly – psychodynamic, cognitive behavioural and person-centred. First I will describe what psychology is and what counselling entails, then I will explain why there are different schools of thought around counselling psychology, before introducing each in turn. My discussion will examine the three theories or approaches for a history of the founder and a rationale for why they were led to introducing a new therapy approach and a sketch of the key concepts. Further, I will look at methods and processes employed by each theory, the respective roles played by the therapist and the client and the various situations to which the theory can be applied. Finally I will examine the limitations of the theory and how well it integrates with other approaches. Throughout this paper I will offer my own view of the issues at hand and in so doing attempt a synthesis of the three theories. Counselling is a therapeutic and growth relationship process concerned with helping individuals make adjustments to themselves, significant others and the environment in which they live...
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... Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Key Figures 4 Basic Assumptions and Key Concepts 7 Therapy – goals, clinical relationship and techniques 10 Conclusion 14 Appendix A – References 16 Introduction This essay will present and contrast the workings of the three major theories of counselling psychology mainly – psychodynamic, cognitive behavioural and person-centred. First I will describe what psychology is and what counselling entails, then I will explain why there are different schools of thought around counselling psychology, before introducing each in turn. My discussion will examine the three theories or approaches for a history of the founder and a rationale for why they were led to introducing a new therapy approach and a sketch of the key concepts. Further, I will look at methods and processes employed by each theory, the respective roles played by the therapist and the client and the various situations to which the theory can be applied. Finally I will examine the limitations of the theory and how well it integrates with other approaches. Throughout this paper I will offer my own view of the issues at hand and in so doing attempt a synthesis of the three theories. Counselling is a therapeutic and growth relationship process concerned with helping individuals make adjustments to themselves, significant others and the environment in which they live...
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...PYC4809 Section A 1. Person- centred Psychotherapy Carl Rogers (1920-1987) was one of the most influential pioneers and inspiration behind person-centred psychotherapy. Rogers and his colleagues where innovators that refined the concepts and methods of person-centred therapy and that would later become one of the most influential and controversial of therapeutic approaches. During the 1940’s Rogers developed nondirective counselling. His theory was developed in four stages over the span of his career. This was a new direction of counselling that highlights that the direction and locus of control in therapy were clearly centred in the client, shifting the power to the person seeking help away from the therapist. The client rather than the therapist determined the direction and goals of therapy and the therapist’s role was to help the client clarify feelings. He described his new approach in a speech in 1940, December 11 titled “Newer Concepts in Psychotherapy” as follows: “The aim of this newer therapy is not to solve one particular problem but to assist the individual to grow, so he can cope with the present problem...It relies much more heavily on the individual drive towards growth, health and adjustment...This newer therapy places greater stress on the emotional elements...then on the intellectual aspects....(It) places greater stress upon the immediate situation than upon the therapeutic relationship itself as a growth experience.”(David J. Cain, 2008...
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...Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. Within this essay I will be discussing the advantages and disadvantages of Person- Centred Therapy and to try and establish if a therapist can treat all their clients using just this one method or would a multi-disciplinary approach be more attractive and beneficial for successful therapy. I will look at the origins of Person-Centred Therapy with emphasis taking place on Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. I will also be explaining the fundamental foundations required for this therapy to be seen as person centred. American psychologist, Abraham Maslow (1908 – 1970), a humanistic psychologist believed that every person has a strong desire to realise and reach their own individual potential and to than reach a level of ‘self-actualisation’. Abraham Maslow was best known for creating Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. The theory is based on individuals fulfilling their needs and to move towards ‘self-actualisation’. Abraham Maslow placed much emphasis on focusing on the individual’s positive qualities then treating them or the client being seen as a bag of symptoms. Self-actualisation is the fundamental concept to the Person-Centred Therapy developed my Carl Rogers. Abraham Maslow says all human beings have a tendency to want to move forwards, grow and to reach their full potential. When individuals move towards their true full potential, Maslow suggests this individual...
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...PA theoretical exploration, both of the philosophy underpinning the Person-Centred Approach and of ‘the Approach in action in a psychotherapeutic context. Introduction Carl Rogers (1902 – 1987) is the pioneer of Person-Centred therapy. In this essay, I will discuss the approach, which revolved over 70 years of his life. His necessary and sufficient conditions which he said was all that was needed to self-actualize and become a fully functioning person. I will also talk about contributions from others and expansion of his theory and lastly, I will discuss the limitations of person-centred approach that may result in ineffective therapy. Philosophy of person-centred approach Carl Rogers developed person-centred therapy in the 1940s. He wanted to move away from therapist reliant to a therapeutic relationship where he had a more humanistic philosophy which is captured nicely by the metaphor of “how an acorn, if provided with the appropriate conditions will “automatically” grow in positive ways, pushed naturally towards its actualization as an oak.” Rogers was born in Illinois to a very strict religions family. He originally studied agriculture, then theology and finally psychology. Rogers approach was developed over four periods. The first being in the 1940s which saw the birth of “non-directive counselling”. Rogers became the leading figure in the third force of psychology known as the Humanistic psychology movement. His philosophy was that people are essentially...
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...Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the Therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. Contents Introduction Carl Rogers. Background and Influences Theoretical Constructs Strengths and Weaknesses Conclusion Notes References Introduction In this essay I will be discussing the viability of Person-Centred Therapy as an exclusive method of treatment for clients. Without an appreciation of this approach it would be difficult to judge the merits of the claim as laid out in the main essay title. Therefore I will begin with an introduction to Carl Rogers, his background and influences. In this essay I will explore the main theoretical constructs. Following on from this I will look at the advantages of this approach and consider its success in treating psychological disorders. Although Carl Rogers inspired many, he was not without his Critics. Therefore I will include the difficulties and doubts expressed by other Practitioners in order to get an opposing viewpoint. I will end with my evaluation of the claim itself and the reasons why I have arrived at my conclusions. Carl Rogers Background and Influences Carl Rogers was born in Illinois, Chicago, in 1902. His parents were middle-class, respectable and hard-working. His Father was a Civil Engineer and his Mother a stay-at-home housewife. Carl was the fourth child in a family of six children. Rogers’...
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...In this work I will define what Person-Centred Therapy (PCT) is and will look at the origins of this therapy with particular reference to Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers and will examine the fundamental elements necessary for the therapy to be seen as patient centred. I will compare the advantages and disadvantages of Person-Centred Therapy and try to establish whether a therapist can treat all clients effectively using just the one approach or whether it is more beneficial to the client for the therapist to use a more multi-disciplinary approach. To be able to discuss this subject, it is important to describe first what we mean when discussing PCT. Person-Centred Therapy, also known as client-centred, non-directive, or Rogerian therapy, is an approach to counselling and psychotherapy that places much of the responsibility for the treatment process on the client, with the therapist taking a non-directive role. PCT emphasises person to person relationship between the therapist and client and focuses on the client’s point of view; through active listening the therapist tries to understand the client’s present issues and emotions. In PCT the client determines the direction, course, speed and length of the treatment and the therapist helps increase the client’s insight and self-understanding. A person whose name is given to this approach is Carl Ransom Rogers. He was an influential American psychologist, who, along with Abraham Maslow, was the founder of the humanist approach...
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...in 2006, ‘the term person-centred care is used…to indicate a strong interest in the patient’s own experience of health, illness, injury or need. It infers that the nurse works with the person’s definition of the situation, as well as that presented through a medical or other diagnosis’. (pg. 49 – 56) The notion of person-centeredness has become well recognized within healthcare and especially within Nursing (Binnie & Tichen 1999, McCormack 2001,2003). Person Centeredness is also ingrained in many policy initiatives within the UK (eg. The National Service Framework for Older People, Department of Health 2001). Evidence has suggested that implementing person centeredness within nursing can provide patients with more holistic style of care and may even increase the patient satisfaction with the level of care. (Binnie & Tichen 1999) There are a variety of frameworks which have been established to aid nurses in implementing Person Centred Care, and although these frameworks differ they all share important components. Person centred care focuses on delivering a standard of care which include incorporating a patients beliefs and values, maintaining a sympathetic presence, sharing and involving client in decision making all whilst providing for the patients physical needs or requirements. (McCormack & McCance, 2006) There are many different concepts which contribute to person centred care; in this essay I am going...
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...automatically receive a failing grade for this paper—but possibly for the whole course; and may face additional academic penalties that could include dismissal from the Faculty of Arts or from Helderberg College. Sign: Table of Contents: Introduction: 3 Biblical view: 3 What PCT is all about and how its effects people in counselling: 4 My View of Effective Christian Counselling: 6 Conclusion: 7 Bibliography: 8 Pastoral Counselling 1 Term Paper – Person Centred Therapy Introduction: “Person-centred therapy (PCT) is a humanistic approach, a belief that humans can achieve happiness and can solve their own problems. The fundamental belief is that people tend to move towards growth, self actualisation and healing.” This is one of the therapies used in counselling today and it supports personal growth but does not always include Christian virtues. The approach seem very important because it claim to mould a person from the help seeking broken state they in to self actualisation and fullfilment. In reality, is it really what happen to people being counselled using PCT as their method of counselling? PCT method of counselling recommend a non-directive approach that allow the client to lead himself and can anything good come from within us without God, the source of life. Our...
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...Evaluate the Claim That Person Centred Therapy Offers the Therapist All That He/She Will Need to Treat Clients In this essay I will be linking the advantages and disadvantages of Person Centred Therapy and trying to establish whether a therapist can treat all clients successfully using just the one approach or whether it is more beneficial to the client for the therapist to use a more multi-disciplinary approach. I will be looking at the origins of this therapy with specific reference to Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers and exploring the important foundations essential for the therapy to be recognised as patient centred. The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (www.bacp.co.uk) state that Person Centred Counselling ‘is based on the assumption that a client seeking help in the resolution of a problem they are experiencing, can enter into a relationship with a counsellor who is sufficiently accepting and permissive to allow the client to freely express any emotions and feelings. This will enable the client to come to terms with negative feelings, which may have caused emotional problems, and develop inner resources. The objective is for the client to become able to see himself as a person, with the power and freedom to change, rather than as an object’. Another definition is www.ncge.ie/handbook PCC ‘focuses on the here and now and not on the childhood origins of the clients’ problems’. The emphasis is on the environment created by the counsellor which...
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...Evaluate the Claim That Person Centred Therapy Offers the Therapist All That He/She Will Need to Treat Clients In this essay I will be linking the advantages and disadvantages of Person Centred Therapy and trying to establish whether a therapist can treat all clients successfully using just the one approach or whether it is more beneficial to the client for the therapist to use a more multi-disciplinary approach. I will be looking at the origins of this therapy with specific reference to Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers and exploring the important foundations essential for the therapy to be recognised as patient centred. The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (www.bacp.co.uk) state that Person Centred Counselling ‘is based on the assumption that a client seeking help in the resolution of a problem they are experiencing, can enter into a relationship with a counsellor who is sufficiently accepting and permissive to allow the client to freely express any emotions and feelings. This will enable the client to come to terms with negative feelings, which may have caused emotional problems, and develop inner resources. The objective is for the client to become able to see himself as a person, with the power and freedom to change, rather than as an object’. Another definition is www.ncge.ie/handbook PCC ‘focuses on the here and now and not on the childhood origins of the clients’ problems’. The emphasis is on the environment created by the counsellor which...
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...“Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist is all that he / she will need to treat clients” In order to evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy is all that is needed for a therapist to treat their clients, it is first necessary to look at the Therapy as a concept and the basic premise on which its theories rest, before looking at how this model effects change in the client, and then considering whether this approach is enough to achieve results in all types of client problems or whether indeed it is found to be somewhat lacking in its effectiveness for some or all cases along with some criticisms voiced by other writers and therapists who follow alternative models as a preference. . The Person-Centred or “Rogerian” model as it is sometimes referred to, was developed by an American, Carl Rogers (Jan 8 1902 – Feb 4 1987) who was one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century. He was a humanist thinker and believed that all people are fundamentally good. He also believed that people have a self actualising tendency, or a desire to fulfil their own potential and become the best people they can be. He worked as a psychotherapist for most of his adult life and in developing his model he made some key assumptions. He believed that all individuals are capable of exercising free will and that human beings are basically good and if given the opportunity they will always strive towards goodness...
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...5-10 10-15 15-20 20+ years 2. Can you give a description of your area of expertise? Day services workshop Residential setting Other (please specify) _________________________________________________ 3. Are the client’s male/female? Male Female Both 4. What is the age group of the client’s on average? 18-25 25-35 35-45 45-55 55+ years 5. What are the types of challenging behaviour which occur in your area?...
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...this essay I am going to compare the Person-Centred Therapy founded by Carl Rogers and the Cognitive Therapy Model of Aaron Becks. I shall compare the two approaches, outlining the theory to explain their similarities as well as their differences. I shall compare the two approaches to show whether a humanistic and cognitive approach can be integrated successfully into a therapy session. In order to compare the two approaches it is necessary to summarise the main features of the two. Cognitive Therapy in brief can be described as: 1. Formulating a plan for treatment. 2. Focussing on the current, presenting problems as defined by the client. 3. Goal setting. 4. Time-limited. 5. Agreement to set and complete homework. 6. Connecting the way a client thinks about situations and how they feel and behave in order to change these thoughts. 7. Assisting the client in identifying and using coping skills for self-help in the future. Cognitive Therapy (CT) is organised around a formulation devised by Becks in 1976 to assist patients who were suffering from depression. The aim of CT is to understand the person's environment, values, beliefs and the way the person assesses events in their life. The CT model evaluates how people believe that a situation affects their feelings, behaviour and their view of 'self' and 'others'. A CT Therapist believes these views will be distorted and this distortion causes the clients problems. The therapist refers to these...
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...good suburb and Oliver will go to private school. Anna does not have to work and they plan to try for a second child next year. Despite all of the positives in his life, Joel still feels unhappy. He loves his wife and son, but is feeling oppressed by the constant demands of parenthood and feels that is work is suffering because he has to commit more time at home. He enjoys work less than he did and he feels that his relationship with Anna is also suffering as he finds himself wanting to spend more time away from home and is stressed and frustrated with the situation and worries about whether he can really be a good father and husband. He is also disappointed in himself for not being able to have more control over his life.” *** Person centred therapy is based upon the belief that individuals are resourceful and capable of taking...
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