...Aristotle’s arguments in some of the ideas that led to the development of modern geomorphology. River Siltation Both Herodotus and Aristotle present arguments in regards to river siltation. Herodotus first notes that there were yearly increments silt and clay deposits in the Nile River on its flood plains. He explains that the Nile River floods every year, and in the process, it irrigates the flood plain along either bank and deposits fresh silt along its banks. He noted that the Nile has three distinct regions (Rennell, 2011).. He further explained that flood waters from the White Nile flow through an enormous marsh called the "Sudd" in the southern part of the modern country of Sudan, and arrive later and more slowly than the flood waters from the Blue Nile and the Atbara River. This contribution was crucial in determining the modern day irrigation along the Nile as well as determining where people could live. Aristotle had not visited Egypt himself, but he had at hand excellent observations in the works of Herodotus who had visited there in 450 BC, and perhaps reports of other travellers as well. Regarding the Nile, Aristotle concurs with Herodotus in the sense that he also noted that the Nile had three distinct regions (Wilson, 172). However, Aristotle seems to differ with Herodotus...
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...The Nile River’s Impact on Ancient Egypt Egypt is known as one of the oldest and most successful civilizations. Although, Egypt would not have been nearly as successful as it is today without the help of the Nile River. The Nile River is the longest river in the World, and luckily for the Egyptians, seven hundred miles of it runs right through this country. This river had an extremely powerful influence on the people of Egypt, by providing them with occupations, food and water, transportation, irrigation for crops, and an economic advancement. The Nile River was truly a blessing to the people of Egypt, and they would not have thrived without it. In earlier days, agriculture was a huge part of civilizations. The people of Egypt depended on the Nile for its water to provide water for their crops. Irrigation channels flowed from the Nile to farmer’s small gardens, where they grew vegetables such as onions, cucumbers, and beans. (Background Essay) The main crops grown by farmers were barley and emmer wheat for making bread and beer. (Background Essay) Since Egypt does not receive a lot of rain, roughly only 4 inches per year, farmers depended a lot on the “Peret” season which was known as the growing season. (Document B) This was when water gradually diminished, but the Nile was high enough to fill irrigation canals. (Document B)...
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...The Nile River is one of the greatest contributing factors to the development of the ancient civilization of Egypt (Smith, 2014). Civilization is defined as, “the society, culture, and way of life of a particular area” (The Free Dictionary,n.d.). At over 4,000 miles long, the Nile is the longest known river in the world, and runs through eleven countries, including Egypt. Villages were located near to its life giving waters, and along its banks, and they were able to thrive because of the Nile and the agricultural abilities that the Nile provided. During the rainy season the Nile River deposited its silt-enriched waters when its banks flooded. The ancient Egyptian farmers knew they needed those waters to grow their crops, and also needed a way to store water because of Egypt’s long dry season – it is essentially a vast desert, so they constructed devices, including catch basins and dikes, so they could catch the water for various purposes, and stored it so they could irrigate their crops the rest of the year. Not only did the Nile River allow the farmers to grow and nourish their crops, but it also gave them a means to sell any overage, and also other goods, as they could travel along the river to other villages. Agriculture and the sale of goods was not the only exchange made by the early people of the Nile. Culture was also exchanged. People from different villages and communities along the Nile came together for commerce, and as a natural consequence they would share their...
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...Themes in U.S. and World History I believe that a significant geographic factor that contributed to the development of Egypt was the Nile River. The Nile played an integral role in shaping the settlement, culture, geography, and prosperity of Egypt's people. The Nile River served many purposes for the Ancient Egyptians. They fished, washed and collected water for irrigation and drinking. “It has a length of about 4,132 miles and drains an area estimated at 1,293,000 square miles” (Magdi M. El-Kammash, 2013). It was the main highway Egyptians used for transportation and transport of goods for trade as well as linking cities together. The Nile begins to flood every June and recedes by late August leaving behind a soil rich in nutrients for cultivating crops and a precious supply of water. Due to the predictability of the Nile’s annual flood the people were able to use this natural resource to build permanent settlements in an area that was otherwise dry desert. The annual floods were also a forefront to new technologies such as the calendar. The agricultural advances, new technologies, as well as ease of access it provided, attracted immigrants and travelers who brought with them goods and ideas that would help shape Egypt’s culture. The process of diffusion in early human societies can simply be stated as the replication of an activity or belief from one geographic in a different region. An example of diffusion is present in a very popular beverage available...
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...DAM Site Selection Using GIS Techniques and remote sensing to Minimize Flash Floods in East Nile Locality (Soba Valley)-Khartoum State Abdel Rahim Elhag1, Islam Hamad Eljack1 1School of Survey, Department of GIS, Faculty of Engineering, Sudan University of Sciences and Technology, SUDAN Abstract: In the last few year’s devastating flash floods descending downstream through valleys have occurred in East Nile Locality-Sudan. A flash flood can be caused by intense rain, particularly when it takes place in a saturated area where rain has previously fallen. Under these conditions the additional rain runs off over the surface and accumulates in streams and channels at a much accelerated pace. To determine earth dam’s locations multi criterion methods...
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...the organisations or corporate support and people who are care to other people. 2. Press Release Respecting Water 12 February 2014 ©Jacob Simkin ------------------------------------------------- -On the west bank of the Nile As known that Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) officially was created on 22nd December 1971, is independent humanitarian organisation. They help and provide emergency medical care for people around the world. They provide this for the victims of war, natural disasters, epidemics irrespective of race and political affiliation. During they provide medical care in makeshift refugee camps, clean water is very important and it is very hard to be found that becomes a serious problem. Clean water is not only for medical purposes but also for drinking water and for bathing or sanitations reasons. Sometimes clean water is hard to be found, it made MSF to think about the solutions to get clean the water, and finally a water purification kit was found, and it costs £583, that can produce batches of clean, chlorinated drinking water within five hours and enough water for 10,000 people per week. David Nash as MSF’s head of mission in South Sudan said. “Clean water is a particular problem, as the town's five boreholes run dry by 10 am.” He also added, “The only real source of...
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...For millennia the Maya lived in what is now the lowlands of Guatemala, Mexico, Belize and Honduras.For reasons still not full understood, around 900 AD their society collapsed and cities abandoned.While their social structure disappeared, the Mayans did not. | | 11,000 B.C. The first hunter-gatherers settle in the Maya highlands and lowlands. 3114 or 3113 B.C. The creation of the world takes place, according to the Maya Long Count calendar. 2600 B.C. Maya civilization begins. Olmec figurine 2000 B.C. The rise of the Olmec civilization, from which many aspects of Maya culture are derived. Village farming becomes established throughout Maya regions. 700 B.C. Writing is developed in Mesoamerica. 400 B.C. The earliest known solar calendars carved in stone are in use among the Maya, although the solar calendar may have been known and used by the Maya before this date. Mayan Calendar 300 B.C. The Maya adopt the idea of a hierarchical society ruled by nobles and kings. 100 B.C. The city of Teotihuacan is founded and for centuries is the cultural, religious and trading center of Mesoamerica. 50 B.C. The Maya city of Cerros is built, with a complex of temples and ball courts. It is abandoned (for reasons unknown) a hundred years later and its people return to fishing and farming. Teotihuacan 100 A.D. The decline of the Olmecs. 400 The Maya highlands fall under the domination of Teotihuacan, and the disintegration of Maya culture and language begins in...
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...MOSES When Moses was born the Hebrew’s were slaves in Egypt. The Pharaoh was scared of them because he thought they might one day take over his country. Because of this fear, he ordered that all Hebrew baby boys be killed at birth so that they would not grow up and fight against him. To save Moses his mother made a plan, she hid him in a basket on the River Nile. Moses grew up as an Egyptian prince, but he never forgot he was a Hebrew. One day Moses lost his temper and killed an Egyptian who had beaten a Hebrew slave to death. He had to run away to another land, where God spoke to him from a burning bush and told him he must go back and free the Hebrews from slavery. Moses went to the Pharaoh to ask him to set the Hebrews free, but the Pharaoh did not want to lose his slaves. He would not let them go, because they worked on his grand buildings. Because the Pharaoh would not free the slaves, Moses released ten plagues. Before each plague, Moses had warned the Pharaoh what would come. The Pharaoh was so upset by losing his son by the last plague that he said the Hebrews could leave Egypt. The Hebrews knew they must leave Egypt quickly. After starting to leave the Pharaoh changed his mind and sent his army after them to bring them back. The army chased the Hebrews to the banks of the Red Sea. Where they would have been trapped but a miracle happened, God told Moses to lift up his rod and as he did so the waters parted to make a dry path. They were able to escape. It is also...
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...EGYPTIAN CULTURE LOCATION Today more than sixty-one million people live in Egypt. Egypt is located in northeastern Africa. On the north it borders the Mediterranean Sea, on the east the Red Sea and the State of Israel in the Sinai desert. Most of the population is concentrated in the Nile Valley, which is only a very small part (six percent) of Egyptian territory. Almost all the rest of the country is desert. HISTORY Archaeological evidence shows us that hunters lived in Egypt more than 250,000 years ago when the region was a green grassland. Around 25,000 BC, climate changes turned Egypt into a desert. The people survived by hunting and fishing and through agriculture. In 3100 BC, King Menes joined the two parts of the land into one kingdom. The Dynasty that he founded, together with the one after it, are now called the "Archaic Period". Egypt soon evolved into a centralized and well organized kingdom. Egypt gained a growing influence in the ancient world and its power came to dominate the Near East for more than 500 years. The construction of the great pyramids of the 4th dynasty (about 2575 - 2465 BC) took place during this time. The new kingdom expanded rapidly and the country was quite stable internally. Ancient Egypt and its culture had a tremendous impact on what is now the Western World. After the death of Tutankhamon the fourth, the Dynasty and the power of the king weakened. A period of decline followed and Egypt was invaded by the Assyrians and the Persians, and opened...
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...corporations run the whole country and their whole interest is profit. Corporations are so interested in profit that moral and ethical considerations are thrown to side. This was Atwood’s vision of the future. It might seem far off now but with companies like Apple who are so large that they can fight the very government in court, this vision is not so distant. But the thing that is really scary, is the fact that these same companies may be in charge of genetic modification. Everything over time will be monetized, there is no way around it. If there is demand, supply will rise. Undoubtedly, with technology this advanced and in demand. It will be controlled by massive corporations and is that good? In Atwood’s Oryx and Crake companies would manufacture diseases in order to profit from their cures. “But don’t they keep discovering new diseases? Not discovering, said Crake. They’re creating them.” (P 210-211). What's to stop them from doing it in this scenario? Creating a rogue gene in the population so they are forced to pay for some expensive modification to come back to normal does not seem so far fetched. Our society is currently too consumerist and entertainment driven for gene modification to not be popular. And with the great powers of gene...
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...Water Wars There can be no life on Earth without water. It is indispensable for human health and well-being, for food production, and economic activities. But despite its importance, water is rarely considered as a resource in the same way as others, for example oil. Water covers more than two thirds of our planet, so to many it may seem like there is more than enough, and in most parts of the world its availability is taken for granted. However, freshwater, what we drink, bath in, and irrigate our land with, is extremely scarce. Only around 3% of the world’s water is fresh water, and about two-thirds of that is contained by glaciers, rendering it not readily available for human use. Agriculture uses more water than any other source and wastes much of it due to inefficiencies. Today more than a billion people around the globe lack access to fresh water and many of the world’s water systems have become stressed. In addition, rivers, lakes, and aquifers are becoming too polluted to use, climate change is altering weather patterns, resulting in shortages, droughts and floods. The world’s population is rapidly increasing, and at the current consumption rate the situation will only get worse. So without improved and more effective management, the availability of fresh water will more than likely not keep up with demand. It is estimated that by 2025, two-thirds of the world’s population may face water shortages. Issues related to water scarcity can obstruct the ability of nations...
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...Introduction Seventy percent of people in the developing world still have no access to electricity in their homes, health clinics, or schools, and are completely isolated from the modern world's wealth of resources. Kerosene lamps, candles, and dry cell batteries are used for home lighting and radios. Health clinics have no means to power refrigerators necessary for vaccine and other drug preservation, and health care workers have limited access to modern medical knowledge and research. Children in village schools spend hours hand-copying notes off of chalk boards because their schools have no photocopiers; and without computers, these kids are trapped in the digital divide of information haves and have-nots. This paper seeks to explore the potential successfulness of renewable energy electrification in the developing world. It begins by describing the current energy needs in rural areas of the world, and the consequences of continued increases in fossil fuel consumption that may occur if renewable energies are not used. The second part of the paper briefly explains the processes, the advantages, and the disadvantages of three available forms of energy: hydro-, solar, and wind power. Finally, in the conclusion, it makes a proposal to help resolve some of the problems presented at the beginning of the paper. Electricity Demand and the Developing World A Growing Necessity Hundreds of millions of people live in remote areas of the world where local governments cannot...
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...Ethiopia is Africa’s oldest independent country and its second largest in terms of population with over 100 million inhabitants. Despite recent improvements, Ethiopia remains one of the poorest nations in the world. In 2016, Ethiopia is 148th about economy in Global Ranking, its economic freedom score is 51.5( no change) ( from http://www.heritage.org/index/country/ethiopia). In the last few decades, Ethiopia has faced fierce famine, drought, political instability and war. Peace has returned but the nation remains developmentally weak and more than 42 million Ethiopians do not have access to safe water. The aim of the paper is focusing on finding new sources of water to solve Ethiopia’s water problem. Two potential water sources are water harvesting and dam. In this report, the public acceptability of both water sources is compared. 1. Background The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Ethiopia was worth 55.61 billion US dollars in 2014. The GDP value of Ethiopia represents 0.09 percent of the world economy. GDP in Ethiopia averaged 15.70 USD Billion from 1981 until 2014, reaching an all time high of 55.61 USD Billion in 2014 and a record low of 6.93 USD Billion in 1994. GDP in Ethiopia is reported by the World Bank. It is seem that Ethiopia has a low GDP. Furthermore, The level of poverty in Ethiopia is extremely high. Ethiopia has the second largest population of all African countries and has only once, for a brief period of time, been occupied. One of Africa’s oldest independent...
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...words you teach, the better listener you will grow to be. When the speaker’s mouth opens, you should open your ears. It is important to prepare to listen. Sometimes we don’t realize that we are not listening, but the whole time the person is talking our minds are on a thousand different things at once. Sometimes we are so far from the conversation that the person we’re supposed to be listening to has to call us back to the conversation and say, “are you listening, did you hear what I said?” However, no listening situation is the same, poor grammar, a room with poor acoustics, and the subject of the speaker, all may present special barriers to effective listening. You have to want to listen. At other times, your actions may indicate that you don’t want to listen when you really do. Put yourself in the speaker’s place. Try to see the speaker’s point of view, and try to understand the speaker’s attitude toward the subject. Listen as though you are going to be required to present the same message to a...
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...Running head: WOMEN’S STATUS IN EGYPT Women’s Status in Egypt Women’s Status in Egypt Introduction Modern Egypt is like its dynastic counterpart, drawing sustenance from the Nile River. Today, as in the ancient period, most of the country’s population is concentrated along the river, fully 20% of it around Cairo. Modern Egyptian society is identified not with the ancient civilization but with the Arab culture is overwhelmingly identified with Islam, the religion followed by 90% of Egypt’s population (Library). Much about women’s position in modern Egypt can be traced to a famous verse of the Koran: Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because the support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husband’s) absence what Allah would have them guard. As to those women on whose part ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them (first), (next), refuse to share their beds, (and last) beat them (lightly); but if they return to obedience, seek not against them means (of annoyance): for Allah is Most High, Great (above you all) (Koran 4.34) Islam is strongly implicated in the generally inferior and subordinate social position of women. Particularly among the rural and lower socioeconomic classes – largely illiterate – an ethos of patriarchy predicated of Islamic law, or the sharia, has long been standard custom and practice. Over the course...
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