...Study: An Ethics Incident Introduction The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, sponsored by US Senator Paul Sarbanes and US Representative Michael Oxley, represents the biggest change to federal securities laws since the New Deal. (11). One of the first companies to become involved in the new act was the Coca-Cola Company which represents an internationally recognized brand product. In 2003, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Coca-Cola Company came together in Georgia courtroom when former Coca-Cola employee Matthew Whitley’s lawsuits against the company went to trial. Whitley had filed for protection under the whistleblower provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Whistle-blower protection is not new, but the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for the first time provided a system of protection for employees of publicly owned businesses. The need for such a law was evidenced by the abuses and wrongdoings at Enron and other companies. Matthew Whitley discovered such abuses and wrongdoings at the CocaCola Company and sought action, thus shedding light on misconduct at one of the world’s most well-known corporations. The History of The Coca-Cola Company The global Coca-Cola Company, founded and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, is known for its close ties to the city and, in particular, its philanthropic history. In 1886, pharmacist John Pemberton created the soft drink Coca-Cola by combining soda water, lime, cinnamon, coca leaves, and Brazilian shrub weeds. The drink was originally sold in Atlanta in Jacob’s...
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...Rogue Trader Name(s) ___________________________ Accounting information systems ____________________________ I understand that this exam is to be completed by myself or in a team of two and that any assistance received from other students or any unauthorized source is cheating and subject to the appropriate disciplinary action as deemed by the Office of the Dean of Albers School of Business and Economics. I (we) am aware of the exam policies / rules provided and agree to abide by them. _____________________________________ Student's Signature – Date _____________________________________ Student's Signature – Date Important: Make sure you read all the way through this assignment. Information regarding grading is included in the assignment instructions. “ROGUE TRADER” You are a new graduate, and you just got the job of a lifetime at the New York office of one of the big accounting firms. Yesterday, the managing partner, Connie Rise, set up an appointment for you to meet with her today. “Good morning,” she says, as you wonder what you have done to be summoned to her office at 8 a.m. You are still reeling from relocating to New York and working in this fast-paced environment. Here you are, plucked from a small city located among wine farms and rolling hills on the central coast of California and plunged right into the thick of things in New York City. But you love your new environment. You earn a great salary, pay exorbitant rent for...
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...Eastern Asian Enterprise Structures and tlie Comparative Analysis of Forms of Business Organization Richard D. Whitley Abstract Richard D. Whitley Manchester Business School, Manchester, U.K. The economic success of different forms of business organization in East Asian countries emphasizes the variety of viable enterprise structures and suggests the need for a comparative analysis of how they develop and operate in different societal contexts. Major differences between East Asian business 'recipes' include the range of activities that are authoritatively coordinated, their pattems of development, the ways in which they are organized and controlled and the organization of inter enterprise relations. These differences suggest eight major dimensions on which dominant enterprise structures in different societies can be compared and how their development can be linked to major social institutions. Introduction Organization Studies 1990,11/1:047-074 © 1990 EGOS 0170-8406/90 0011-0003 $1.00 The economic success of Japanese firms over the past 40 years has emphasized the viability of alternatives to United States management structures and practices, as well as highlighting the limited generality of the business strategy-structure relationships identified by Chandler (Alford 1976; Kagono et al. 1985: 99-110; Maurice et al. 1986). Whereas it may have seemed reasonable in the 1960s and 1970s to regard Japanese organizational practices and forms as temporary stepping stones...
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...restaurants which have recently opened, Jamie Oliver’s and The Botanist. These all which have been very popular since the opening and refurbishing of the Old monument mall and with Newcastle being a city full of university students the mall refurbishment has turned out to be a good move. Originally it consisted of clothing boutiques, music and book shops and on the top floor was a massive food court, however like any other run down business, especially with other new luxuries and shopping essentials expected to open in Newcastle, Monument mall became unpopular and the majority of businesses after changing continuously which showed the place was deteriorating inside closed down. Almost all of the stores inside were not successful businesses for example Zavvi, which ended up in liquidation followed by the recession. There were three entrance’s in to The old Monument mall these were located on Blackett street, where the new Jamie Oliver’s restaurant now stands, Northumberland Street next to the new Tk Max or there was a way in through the underground metro system for travellers heading in to town using public transport. The Monument mall shopping centre was not ideal for any customers and gradually became just a short cut for passing through or getting to the metro. The redevelopment has not caused any changes to the original facades or pillars at the front of the building which brings out its historical features in the architecture this attracting more customers and tourists. When comparing...
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...Case Study – The Virgin Group: Structure, leadership and motivation This essay analyses organizational structuring of the Virgin Group, with a view to understanding the dynamics that have helped create a global conglomerate. A critical assessment is undertaken on three areas: the hierarchical form of the company, the style of leadership exhibited by Sir Richard Branson, and the approach adopted by management to motivate employees. Firstly, a comparative argument is made on whether the Virgin Group can be classified as a centralised or decentralised organization. These terms refer to division of power, capital, technical procedures and control in various units of a business. A centralised organization allows for minimal delegation to managers, with the chief executive retaining power over majority of the decisions. On the other end, a decentralised organization makes it possible for managers to exercise control without ownership oversight at each stage, provided goals and targets are met (Buchanan & Huczynski, 2007). Secondly, the essay aims to determine the leadership style practiced by Sir Richard Branson, Virgin Group’s chief executive officer (CEO). Two styles of leadership are used as reference point: transactional and transformational. According to Bass & Bass (2009), transactional leaders work within the organizational culture as it exists, with an awareness of the link between effort and reward. They motivate their employees by setting goals, and enforce control through...
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...helps to explicate this debate by examining how globalization may interact with different dimensions of local institutional forces to lead to convergence, divergence, or crossvergence Correspondence to: Yongsun Paik, PhD, Professor of International Business & Management, Department of Management, Hilton Center for Business, Loyola Marymount university, One LMu Dr., Los angeles, Ca 90045-2659, 310.338.7402 (phone), 310.338.3000 (fax), yspaik@lmu.edu. Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. • DOI: 10.1002/tie.20440 648 f e a t u r e a r tI C l e in international HRM practices for enhanced performance. We also present useful propositions for guiding future empirical research and theory development on the interaction between globalization and different forms of local institutional forces, which in turn influence the formation of successful international HRM practices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int r o d u c t i o n N otwithstanding the current worldwide economic crisis, the globalization of business is increasing at an unprecedented rate, and its impact on the management of human resources (HR) has become critical to the success of global business (Vance & Paik, 2006). International human resource management (IHRM) broadly covers a wide range of issues related to the management of people in an international context. When conducting...
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...The Critical evaluation of Strategic Human Resource Management approaches By Willem van Mourik Over the past decades more and more companies have formulated a Human Resource Management policy for their employees. Where some employers see their staff as important resources to achieve a competitive advantage, others see them as valued assets and a source of competitive advantage (Guest, 1999). The way personnel were managed can be seen as the most significant reason to gain a competitive advantage over others (Salaman, Storey and Billsberry, 2005). In the 19th century and large parts of the 20th century labour was seen as abundant and economists classified it as the main variable costs (Salaman, Storey and Billsberry, 2005). People where hired and fired very quickly and pay was give on a performance related basis. Organizations and their managers did not want to invest in their personnel and their skill development. According to Kirkaldy and Flanders (1965), the decades before SHRM existed managing labour were based on productivity bargaining (Kirkaldy and Flanders, 1965). This period can also be described as the traditional HRM era. This all changed in the 1980’s when several big organizations started to think of new concepts and aspirations to create a competitive advantage over their rivals. British Airways for example demanded their staff to take the ‘commitment approach” instead of just complying. The airline had to make a bald move due to the enormous competition in...
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...organization. Then, evaluate how well the company lives out its mission and vision statement. Provide support from the organization’s performance in your evaluation. BMW’s mission statement is: “To be the most successful premium manufacturer in the industry.” The mission statement is mainly designed just as to help the organization to move on a better path. Mission statement is a short-term goal and objective. It is being designed in order clear the actual motto of the business. With this, the business would arrive at hopeful moves so as to make it realized. Mission statement is formed for the sake of stating the fundamental reason behind the establishment of the business. It appears to be the best possible move just as to make people aware about existence of the business. It is a must from the part of the company to get acquainted with the fact as to what stands to be the actual reason behind establishment of the business. At this point, the printing business is set for making its business practices effective. Its mission statement is linked with printing the required materials in a proper manner. It should be very much qualitative and superior in its functioning. It would also ensure that things are going on smoothly...
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...MBS Library Service Guide to citing references (Harvard system) John Hynes Feb 2010 MBS Library Service is part of the John Rylands University Library 1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………….. 3 CITING REFERENCES WITHIN THE TEXT…………………………… 3 Single author…………………………………………………………………………... 3 - 4 Two authors………………………………………………………………………………... 4 Multiple authors…………………………………………………………………………… 4 Authors of different titles………………………………………………………………... 5 Several works by single author (different years)…………………………………… 5 Several works by single author (different years)…………………………………… 5 Author of a chapter within an edited text…………………………………………….. 6 Corporate authors………………………………………………………………………… 6 No author…………………………………………………………………………………… 6 No date………………………………………………………………………………….. 6 - 7 Citing secondary sources……………………………………………………………….. 7 How to quote portions of a published text…………………………………………… 7 3. CREATING THE LIST OF REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY………….. 8 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….. 8 Books (single author)……………………………………………………………………. 8 Books (2,3 or 4 authors)…………………………………………………………………. 9 Books (more than 4 authors)…………………………………………………………… 9 Books which are edited………………………………………………………………… 10 Chapter(s) from an edited book………………………………………………………. 10 Multiple works by single author within the same year…………………………… 11 Electronic Books…………………………………………………………………………...
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...for Pakistan Tasleem Faraz Minhas1, Saif Ullah2 1 Research Scholar, National University of Modern Languages, Lahore 2 Faculty members in Management sciences, National University of Modern Languages, Lahore Introduction As the business environment is continuously evolving so as the concept of corporate governance. The European Economic Community (EEC), General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization (WTO) regulations have also contributed to the rising awareness and are compelling us to think in terms of adhering to the good governance practices. Corporate governance, by the very nature of the concept, cannot be exactly defined. However, there can be no two opinions that “effective accountability to all shareholders is the essence of corporate governance.” It is the set of process, customs, policies, laws, and institutions affecting the way a corporation (or company) is directed, administered or controlled. “Corporate governance refers to the manner in which the affairs of a corporate body are or should be conducted in order to serve and protect the individual and collective interests of all stakeholders” (Butt 2008) According to OECD “Corporate Governance is the system by which business corporations are directed and controlled. The corporate governance structure specifies the distribution of rights and responsibilities among different participants in the corporation, such as, the board, managers, shareholders...
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...Australian National Training Authority This work has been produced by the Sharing Knowledge project with the assistance of funding provided by the Commonwealth Government through the Australian National Training Authority. Copyright for this document vests in ANTA. ANTA will allow free use of the material so long as ANTA’s interest is acknowledged and the use is not for profit. The views and opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of ANTA. ANTA does not give any warranty or accept any liability in relation to the content of this document. An initiative within the Australian Flexible Learning Framework for the National Vocational Education and Training System 2000-2004 Managed by the Flexible Learning Advisory Group on behalf of the Commonwealth, all States and Territories in conjunction with ANTA Plans are nothing, planning...
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...Master programme in Economic Growth, Innovation and Spatial Dynamics Corporate social responsibility as an organizational innovation: a comparative analysis of its implementation in the institutional frameworks of Sweden and the United Kingdom Klara Simcikova klara.simcikova.111@student.lu.se Abstract: Corporate social responsibility is a management concept originating from the Anglo-Saxon background and associated with the tradition of arm’s length relations between business and institutions in society. However, different institutional systems handle organizational innovations in dissimilar ways, and in the age of globalization, national institutions often interact with global ones. This study discusses how these mechanisms might affect CSR’s implementation in contrasting institutional frameworks – that is, Sweden and the UK, and finds that while explicit CSR seems to have converged, likely due to global pressures for equivalence, on a more fundamental level, domestic institutions remain major actors in influencing what version of CSR will develop. Even though the use of the concept, practices and motivation may appear similar, important differences emerge. CSR in Sweden seems to have a normative justification and an international focus due to the Swedish tradition of corporatist integration whereas in the UK, CSR is justified instrumentally, with a national focus, and is viewed as a complement to or substitute to state action. Key words: Corporate social responsibility,...
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...Tassia Whitley Professor: Charles Daniel English-111 Midnight Class December 5, 2012 FairTax System Many americans are concerned about the growing disparities in wealth and income. Middle-class americans feel extraordinary insecure thinking that they are a doctor's visit away from descending to poverty. The current tax system in the U.S is ineffective ad unfair. It does not incentive the growth of economy and pushes the industries and jobs away due the high cost to accommodate in the U.S. To keep the system as it is now it will deteriorate even more this economy, that has to create more jobs instead of shipping them away and make sure that everyone is being taxed fairly. The solution for this broken tax system is the FairTax. It consists on a change to the federal government tax laws that will replace all federal income taxes for only one consumption sale tax of 23%. The FairTax will treat everyone equally and incentive economic growth, bring international business back to the U.S and create more jobs. The FairTax is a replacement of the current tax system that raises the same amount of money that is raised with the current tax system. It creates only one tax on consumption of products and services. The idea of it is to tax the money that is spent instead of the money that is earned. Studies show that consumption is a more reliable source of revenue than income, so the FairTax is a progressive system that benefits from it: the more you spend, the more you will pay on...
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...Germany & Economic Stagnation in the Post-Millennium Since the reconstruction of Germany in the 1950’s, the country had been continually expanding economically, until it had become a manufacturing power base in Europe, a country that can compete with countries the likes of the United States and Japan. However in recent years, German re-unification and changing global economic conditions have caused this economic growth to slow down, until it has become stagnated at the current point in time. I will be looking at the different institutions present in Germany that have contributed to the country’s economic performance, how they actually helped, and why now certain institutions, and certain changing conditions, are now constraining the economic growth into utter stagnation. Perhaps what differs Germany to many other countries is its constitution. Like many other countries, it guarantees the rights of its citizens. However, it goes one step further, committing private property for the public good. This has important consequences for the German economy and its society. The main idea behind the German economic model is that it mustn’t be thought of as a “free market”, such as the economic models that can be seen in the United Kingdom and the United States. It should rather be more seen as a “social market”. This enshrines the core of German economic ideology - that the economy and the society are interconnected and depend on one another. German businesses have the responsibility...
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...The Coca-Cola Company Struggles with Ethical Crises "Coca-Cola has the most valuable brand name in the world and, as one of the most visible companies worldwide, has a tremendous opportunity to excel in all dimensions of business performance" (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2008). However, as proven in this case study, Coke has a lot on their plate as the biggest brand name in the world. Ethical issues throughout different aspects of the company, and with multiple leadership changes in the last ten years, Coke has some catching up to do. The company has been involved in racial discrimination, misrepresenting market tests, manipulating earning and disrupting long-term contractual arrangements with distributors. Neville Isdell, the new president of Coke is currently working to improve their reputation cause by some of the problems presented next. The Coca-Cola Company Struggles with Ethical Crises Coca-Cola History Coca-Cola is the world's largest beverage company that operates the largest distribution system in the world. This allows Coca-Cola companies to serve more than 1 billion of its products to customers each day. The marketing strategy for Coca-Cola promotes products from four out of the five top selling soft drinks to earn sales such as Coke, Diet Coke, Fanta and Sprite. This process builds strong customer relationships, which gives the opportunity for these businesses to be identified and satisfied. With that being said, customers will be more willing to help...
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