...services to ground handling services. FCB was the only dedicated Intra-Asian overnight express cargo operator based in Malaysia and had exclusive excess to an international cargo complex at Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport in Subang. Furthermore, as it has successfully secured the landing rights in Asia Pacific regions, FCB was in ideal niche position to serve the international integrators, freight forwarders, and major airlines within Asian region. In 2006, Mr. Chuah, an auditor from Kencana & Associates had noticed some irregularities of accounting records in FCB, which may possibly be another fraud case after Media Com and Blue Vital. These irregularities could be created either intentionally or merely just an accounting error. Hence, auditors from Kencana & Associates had the responsibilities to identity the issues through the company’s information. 2.0 ROOT CAUSE OF PROBLEMS This case attempts to bring out the whole accounting fraud issue at Flat Cargo Berhad (FCB) from an auditor’s perspective. It creates an atmosphere of suspense and...
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...1.0 Introduction Flat Cargo Berhad (FCB) is an air freight services and ground handling company. Its company’s operations cover Asian Pacific region including China, Japan, Thailand, Singapore and many more. Their main customers are United Parcel Services (UPS), City Link and Nationwide Express. The main shareholder for FCB is Bangor Sdn Bhd which is part of Miri Group represented by 26.5% of the company interest. Kencana & Associates is the auditor company that audit FCB’s account. The leader of the auditors is Mr Chuah Mun Soong. The auditing team found some irregularities in accounting record of FCB. There are two parties which Mr Chuah has to report, they are his superior, Mr Keong Chee Wah and FCB Audit Committee. However, Mr Chuah concerns that FCB might have a fraud due to the past experience such as Media Com and Blue Vital. 2.0 The Root Cause of the Problems As per our discussion about this case study, we managed to find out several root cause of the problems. 2.1 Rising of Oil Price The first root cause is the rising in oil price in the year 2005. In the year 2005, there was an international crisis occurred with the exceptional increase in oil prices. The hike started in mid-2004 at US$40 per barrel but eventually, the increase continued to stages of US$50, US$60, US$65, US$70 and US$80 per barrel. The price hike in fuel surcharges drastically affected the freight forwarding industry significantly because of its reliance on fuel for operations. This...
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...CHAPTER 7 CONTROL AND ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 7.1 Answer the following questions about the audit of Springer’s Lumber & Supply a. What deficiencies existed in the internal environment at Springer’s? The "internal environment" refers to the tone or culture of a company and helps determine how risk consciousness employees are. It is the foundation for all other ERM components, providing discipline and structure. It is essentially the same thing as the control environment in the internal control framework. The internal environment also refers to management's attitude toward internal control, and to how that attitude is reflected in the organization's control policies and procedures. At Springer's, several deficiencies in the control environment are apparent: 1. Management authority is concentrated in three family members, so there are few, if any, checks and balances on their behavior. In addition, several other relatives and friends of the family are on the payroll. 2. Since the company has a "near monopoly" on the business in the Bozeman area, few competitive constraints restrain prices, wages, and other business practices. 3. Lines of authority and responsibility are loosely defined, which make it difficult to identify who is responsible for problems or decisions. 4. Management may have engaged in "creative accounting" to make its financial performance...
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...TUTORIAL SOLUTIONS Albrecht et al Chapter 1 Discussion Questions 1. Fraud always involves deception, confidence, and trickery. The following is one of the most common definitions of fraud: a. “Fraud is a generic term, and embraces all the multifarious means which human ingenuity can devise, which are resorted to by one individual, to get an advantage over another by false representations. No definite and invariable rule can be laid down as a general proposition in defining fraud, as it includes surprise, trickery, cunning and unfair ways by which another is cheated. The only boundaries defining it are those which limit human knavery.” Fraud is deception that includes the following elements: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 3. a. Employee Embezzlement: In this type of fraud, employees deceive their employers by taking company assets. Embezzlement can be either direct or indirect. b. Management Fraud: Distinguished from other types of fraud both by the nature of the perpetrators and by the method of deception. In its most common form, management fraud is deception perpetrated by top management’s manipulation of financial statements. The victims of management fraud are typically stockholders, lenders, and others who rely on financial statement information. c. Investment Scams or Consumer Scams: A type of fraud that is perpetrated when fraudulent and usually worthless investments are sold to unsuspecting investors. d. Vendor Fraud: Perpetrated by vendors; comes in two main varieties: fraud perpetrated...
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...recession so they tried to cash out. Since he had been defrauding investors for years he was not able to keep up with demand. He ended up losing a total of 17 billion dollars by providing his clients with false reports. There were many red flags dating back to the late 80’s that should have tipped the authorities. Many Wall Street executives knew that Madoffs firm was fraud and did not try to bring him to justice. This is unacceptable. His scheme should have been shut down years ago before it got this bad. There are several solutions available to assure that this type of fraud does not happen again. In my case analysis, we will dig into each option in depth. It will be clear that the best option that needs to happen is to make the SEC adhere to their responsibility to protect against fraud. There were way too many obvious red flags that were visible to many people. It was proven to congress that Madoff’s firm was fraud and yet the authorities failed to prosecute. There were many people and corporations involved that should have taken action. The plan I laid out will discuss in detail how to implement the new solution. Introduction The...
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...Worksheet for You Decide Questions: Q1: Discuss how the SEC has influence (if any) over the audit of Smackey Dog Foods, Inc. Solution: Since Smackey Dog Foods, Inc (“Smackey”) is not a publicly traded company, it would not be subject to SEC regulations and therefore would not need to file the required reports under the securities acts. It would however have indirect impact on the audit of Smackey due to the SEC’s influence in setting generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), the required disclosures for financial statements and any major changes proposed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). Nonetheless, during the audit of Smackey, Keller CPA is subject the six generally accepted auditing standards established by the Auditing Standards Board (“ASB”) under the Accounting Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“AICPA”) which includes the ten standards of auditing. Q2: Discuss the essential activities involved in the initial planning of an audit. How do these all specifically to the Smackey Dog Food client? Solution: Audit planning includes eight major parts, of which the first seven are intended to help Keller CPA to establish the eighth, which is to develop an overall audit plan and audit program. They are as follows; Acceptance of the client and perform initial audit planning – Keller has already agreed to accept this client, although they should still try to assess Smackey with regards to other audit client of theirs. They...
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...CHAPTER 5 COMPUTER FRAUD SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 5.1 Do you agree that the most effective way to obtain adequate system security is to rely on the integrity of company employees? Why or why not? Does this seem ironic? What should a company do to ensure the integrity of its employees? The statement is ironic because employees represent both the greatest control strength and the greatest control weakness. Honest, skilled employees are the most effective fraud deterrent. However, when fraud occurs, it often involves an employee in a position of trust. As many as 90% of computer frauds are insider jobs by employees. Employers can do the following to maintain the integrity of their employees. (NOTE: Answers are introduced in this chapter and covered in more depth in Chapter 7) Human Resource Policies. Implement human resource policies for hiring, compensating, evaluating, counseling, promoting, and discharging employees that send messages about the required level of ethical behavior and integrity Hiring and Firing Practices: Effective hiring and firing practices include: o Screen potential employees using a thorough background checks and written tests that evaluate integrity. o o Remove fired employees from all sensitive jobs and deny them access to the computer system to avoid sabotage. Managing Disgruntled Employees: Some employees who commit a fraud are disgruntled and they are seeking revenge or "justice" for some wrong...
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...Accounting Information Systems CHAPTER 6 CONTROL AND ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 6.1 a. The "internal environment" refers to the tone or culture of a company and helps determine how risk consciousness employees are. It is the foundation for all other ERM components, providing discipline and structure. It is essentially the same thing as the control environment in the internal control framework. The internal environment also refers to management's attitude toward internal control, and how that attitude is reflected in the organization's control policies and procedures. At Springer's, several deficiencies in the control environment are apparent 1. Management authority is concentrated in three family members, so there are few, if any, checks and balances on their behavior. In addition, several other relatives and friends of the family are on the payroll. Since the company has a "near monopoly" on the business in the Bozeman area, there are few competitive constraints that might otherwise restrain prices, wages, and other business practices. Lines of authority and responsibility are loosely defined within the company, which would make it difficult to identify who might be responsible for any particular problem or decision. Management may have engaged in "creative accounting" to make its financial performance look better, which suggests a management philosophy that could encourage unethical behavior among employees. 2. 3. 4...
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...Melisa Schellhamer, April 13, 2010 Melisa Schellhamer, April 13, 2010 SEC files a fraud case against Goldman Sachs, an industry leader, is now being investigated for unfair investing scandal. SEC files a fraud case against Goldman Sachs, an industry leader, is now being investigated for unfair investing scandal. Goldman Sach’s Case # 5 AC805 Advanced Management Accounting Control Systems Goldman Sach’s Case # 5 AC805 Advanced Management Accounting Control Systems The Goldman Sachs fraud case opened by the Securities and Exchange is one of the items that were highlighted by the down turn of the economy in the last few years. Goldman Sachs has vigorously denied any wrongdoing, but the case against them seems fairly tight if the information currently provided is accurate. At the center of all of this Fabrice Tourre. Tourre is an employee of Goldman Sachs that has been charged with fraud. The nature of the charge is that as an employee of Goldman Sachs he helped create a Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO) that was not disclosed to potential investors. More damning than anything however that seized email correspondence is seems to point to the fact that he was fully aware of what he was doing. How this all ties in is that a CDO is an investment vehicle whose performance is directly related to a set of assets. In regards to this case the CDO was a family of securities that were backed by subprime residential mortgages. As this is considered risky...
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... Q1: Discuss how the SEC has influence (if any) over the audit of Smackey Dog Foods, Inc. Solution: The SEC does not have direct influence over the audit of Smackey Company because, Smackey is not a public held organization, they do not have assets in excess of $10 million, and they do not have over 500 stockholders; which are the requirements for public and privately held companies. The SEC does have indirect influence over the audit because all companies, whether public or private are required to comply with General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and the SEC plays a significant role in influencing these standards. The auditors, while not bound by SEC rules they are required to obey specific audit rules and guidelines as outlined under the the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). The AICPA is responsible for establishing auditing and attestation standards for private companies in the United States and for enforcing a code of professional conduct for its members. The code is comprised of six principles that the auditors must adhere to. The principles are: responsibilities, the public interest, integrity, independence and objectivity, due care, and the scope and nature of services. Q2: Discuss the essential activities involved in the initial planning of an audit. How do these all specifically to the Smackey Dog Food client? Solution: During the initial planning of the audit of Smackey Dog Food, the auditors should discuss...
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...Economy Review Questions 1–1 The “crisis of credibility” largely arose from the number of companies that restated their previously issued financial statements as a result of accounting irregularities and fraud. Especially responsible were the very visible Enron and WorldCom fraud cases. Both companies filed for bankruptcy and constituted the largest companies in American history to do so. The extent of the accounting irregularities and fraud being investigated and disclosed brought into question the effectiveness of financial statement audits. In addition, the criminal conviction of Arthur Andersen, LLP, one of the then Big 5 accounting firms, on charges of destroying documents related to the Enron case brought into question the ethical standards of the profession. 1–2 Assurance services are professional services that enhance the quality of information, or its context, for decision making. The two types are: (a) those that increase the reliability of information and (b) those that involve putting information in a form or context that facilitates decision making. 1–3 A financial statement audit is, by far, the most common type of attest engagement. The overall assertion, made by management, most frequently is that the financial statements follow generally accepted accounting principles. 1–4 A large corporation with securities listed on a stock exchange is required by the rules of the stock exchange and by the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission...
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...ISSUES IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION Vol. 26, No. 3 2011 pp. 547–568 American Accounting Association DOI: 10.2308/iace-50004 Koss Corporation Case: Trouble in Brew City Brian Daugherty and Daniel G. Neely ABSTRACT: This instructional case provides auditing students an opportunity to examine an interesting real-life embezzlement and financial statement fraud occurring at a publicly traded company in the post-Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) era. The case focuses on independent auditors’ and senior management’s reporting responsibilities related to internal control over financial reporting involving smaller public companies (nonaccelerated filers). While all public companies are subject to external auditor and management attestation on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting following SOX, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) granted nonaccelerated filers numerous extensions for the effective date of required auditor attestation. In 2010, President Obama signed legislation to permanently exempt nonaccelerated filers from auditor attestation. The case also highlights inherent risk assessments by the independent auditor when one individual holds multiple C-level titles (Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer, etc.) within the organization concurrent with membership on the board of directors, and requires students to recommend internal control policies and procedures designed to prevent or detect the embezzlement...
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...accounting fraud and auditor legal liability c a S eS inc lu de d in t hiS Se ction 4 89 99 4.1 Enron Corporation and Andersen, LLP Analyzing the Fall of Two Giants . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Comptronix Corporation 4.3 Cendant Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Identifying Inherent Risk and Control Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 119 127 137 Assessing the Control Environment and Evaluating Risk of Financial Statement Fraud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Waste Management, Inc. 4.5 Xerox Corporation 4.6 Phar-Mor, Inc. Manipulating Accounting Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evaluating Risk of Financial Statement Fraud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounting Fraud, Litigation, and Auditor Liability instructor resource Manual — do not coPy or redistribute instructor resource Manual — do not coPy or redistribute enron corporation and andersen, llP analyzing the fall of two giants inS tr uc t ional o b je c t ive S [1] c a s e 4.1 Mark S. Beasley · Frank A. Buckless · Steven M. Glover · Douglas F. Prawitt [2] [3] To help students understand what happened at Enron Corporation and how Andersen’s involvement with Enron led to the accounting firm’s downfall. To enhance students’ appreciation of the importance of understanding an audit client’s core business strategies. To develop students’...
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...internal control Qver Financial Reporting CASES INCLUDED iN THIS SECTiON 1. Simply Steam, Co. 155 Evaluation of Internal Control Environment 2. Easy Clean, Co. 155 Evaluation of Internal Control Environment 3. Red Bluff Inn & Café 165 Establishing Effective Internal Control in a Small Business 4. St. James Clothiers 169 Evaluation of Manual and IT-Based Sales Accounting System Risks 5. Collins Harp Enterprises 177 Recommending IT Systems Development Controls 6. Sarbox Scooter, Inc. 185 Scoping and Evaluation Judgments in the Audit of Internal Control over Financial Reporting 7. Société Générale 195 How a Low-Risk Trading Area Caused a $7.2 Billion Loss case5.!-2 Easy Clean/Simply Steam, Co. Evaluation of Internal Control Environment Mark S. Beasley • Frank A. Buckless • Steven M. Glover • Douglas F. Prawitt INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1] To reinforce aspects relevant to the internal control environment. 2] To illustrate the degree of judgment involved in making internal control environment evaluations. 3] To provide students experience in making subjective evaluative judgments. 4] To provide a forum to discuss inquiry techniques as well as inquiry as a form of audit evidence. 5] To provide students direct experience with, and discovery of, issues surrounding the control environment, making inquiries, and the framing (e.g., positive or negative) of information provided by management. 6] To illustrate...
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.... . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2 2.3 2.4 Dell Computer Corporation Evaluation of Client Business Risk Flash Technologies, Inc. Asher Farms Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Risk Analysis and Resolution of Client Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Understanding of Client’s Business Environment s e ct ion 3 Professional and ethical issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 S o l u tio nS inc lu de d in t h iS Section 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 A Day in the Life of Brent Dorsey Staff Auditor Professional Pressures Nathan Johnson’s Rental Car Reimbursement Solving Ethical Dilemmas–Should He Pocket the Cash? Recognizing It’s a Fraud and Evaluating What to Do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 The Anonymous Caller WorldCom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 The Story of a Whistleblower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79...
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