...on Poverty in Africa. Describe how/in what way it is such a big problem in the world, possible causes and possible solutions in which you think these problems can be solved. Contents Abstract 3 Introduction: 4 Overview of poverty in Africa: 4 Facts about poverty in Africa: 5 Graph: 6 Causes of poverty in Africa: 7 1. Corruption and Poor Governance: 7 a) Unbalanced Economic Systems: 7 2. Environment: 8 3. Poor Utilization of Land: 8 4. Increase in Population: 9 5. Diseases and poor health facilities: 10 Solutions to overcome poverty: 10 1. Overcoming government failure: 10 2. Education: 11 3. Population control 11 4. Focus on agriculture: 12 5. Other possible solutions: 12 References: 13 Abstract This paper will provide a deep insight into the problems of poor people and their causes of poverty. Other than that solutions to their issues regarding the government and basic necessities of live will be focused upon. The deprivation of services for the poor is another noticeable point in the paper. Introduction: Poor people are poor because of many reasons, but they remain poor because market and government does not support them. When capital markets fail, youth is unable to get loans to finance their education, they are not capable of maintaining their health and most importantly the government is unable to provide them with basic services and necessities like water, clothing and food. To protect the poor population of...
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...Africa the Birthplace and Gateway Many have stated that Christianity was founded in what is today Israel and Palestine. Christianity is based on the person and the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, a Jewish prophet. With Palestine being so close to Egypt, I can understand why Africa can be called the birthplace of Christianity. In the beginning, Christianity had spread throughout Egypt and North Africa. I believe that many people will not associate Christianity with Africa because Jesus was called Jesus of Nazareth. When many people think of Jesus, they think of Israel. Israel is not the only place that Jesus spread the word of God. Jesus’ family also spent time in Egypt. Many biblical events took place in Africa. When King Herod sought to kill Jesus, he was in Egypt for safekeeping. Before Paul's first European convert was made, God specifically called Philip to preach to a seeking Ethiopian, a servant from the royal court. The Ethiopian was converted and baptized that day and returned to his own country telling everybody what happened sharing his story. In Islam, The prophet Muhammad spent a lot of time in Egypt as well. The Muslims respect Mohammed as the greatest of prophets, yet Jesus clearly demonstrated greater authority, teaching, and miracles than Mohammed ever did. The Muslims in North and West Africa had no teachings but the Quran. The Quran guided Muslims after the death of Muhammad. Islam also began to expand in Egypt and North Africa. I believe that Africa was...
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...Assignment 06. Portfolio. Question 1.1 Discussing the factors which led to poor health in most African countries and explaining some of the consequences that are experienced as a result of poor health care. Introduction. Africa is a third world continent meaning that all African countries are not yet fully developed and are still in the development stage. The underdevelopment makes Africa a victim of poor health care. Only a few have access to proper adequate healthcare leaving masses with poor healthcare Health conditions in Africa lag behind all other developed Eastern and Western countries and life expectancy is far less than that of developed countries (Health Poverty Action, 2015). Poverty and health worldwide are inextricably linked (Health Poverty Action, 2005). This assignment will be looking at those factors caused by poverty that lead to poor health. Poor sanitary conditions. Poor sanitary conditions in Africa have led to a lot of health problems leading to poor health conditions across the continent. In 2008, approximately sixty two percent of Africans did not have access to improved sanitation facilities such as proper toilets that separate human waste from human contact (WHO, 2008). In the rural parts of Africa, sanitary problems are particularly common especially in drought times when water is unavailable for domestic uses (Ademuluyi and Odugbesan, 2008: 812). Sanitation conditions worsen if clean water supply is low or unavailable. Many African...
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...Introduction The book authored by Giles Bolton, is an eye-opener and a critique of the western approach to lift Africa from poverty. The author addresses - why Africa being resourceful could not lift itself from the poverty? Why is it that it needs the help of the developed countries? How the aid of billions of dollars is misused by the African Government? How the west with its unorganized aid program crippled the nation? Dividing the book into five sections—poverty, aid, trade, globalization, and change—he analyses the issues, with stories about real people in Africa and experiences from his own years in the aid industry. On his first visit to Kenya, to meet a friend, Giles Bolton ends up in deciding that he would start his aid industry career there. He through the incidents and experiences during the visit describes the scenic beauty, backwardness and poverty of the continent. He identifies that the continent needs internal reorganization more than the benevolence of the west. He says Corruption, conflict, and lack of democracy are the three major problems of Africa and poverty is the cause for these. Africa is stuck in the viscous cycle in which poverty induces corruption and vice-verse. He says “This book is written for people who are concerned about Africa but don't understand why it's still so poor. While there is quite a bit of good academic material out there, most of it isn't very accessible and it doesn't answer the direct questions most of us want answered...
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...African Journal of History and Culture Vol. 3(5), pp. 65-72, June 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJHC ISSN 2141-6672 ©2011 Academic Journals Review A critique of modernization and dependency theories in Africa: Critical assessment J. Matunhu Department of Development Studies, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe. E-mail: matunhuj@msu.ac.zw. Accepted 6 April, 2011 The way states and development specialists rationalize how to commit economic resources to development is influenced, to a greater extent by their level of persuasion towards specific development theories. The discourse assesses the influence of modernization and dependency theories on Africa’s development. The conclusion is that both theories have failed to help develop Africa. The discourse pins hope on the African Renaissance theory of development. Key words: Modernization, dependency, rural underdevelopment, African renaissance. INTRODUCTION Africa houses plentiful economic resources. Paradoxically, the continent languishes in poverty as evidenced by high prevalence of famine, disease and ignorance (Buthelezi, 2007). This presentation attributes the poverty to theories of development because the way society deals with underdevelopment is influenced by development theories. The presentation assesses the effect of modernity and dependency theories on Africa’s development and concludes by recommending the adoption of the African Renaissance theory to Africa’s development. In this presentation...
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...Yihan Pan ID: 4406586 Econ 3960 Professor Okediji Report 2 Political Structures and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa All of the three economic journals we have read including Governance and Growth in Sub-Saharan, Why is African Poor, and Africa’s Economic Performance: Limitations of the Current Consensus point out the internal relation between the political system in Sub-Saharan Africa countries and their failure in economic development. I found that we must not underestimate or ignore the influence of political institutions in both the economic recovery model and the course of Sub-Saharan Africa economy decline in the past decades. These three journals show that there are tons of historical and statistical evidences suggesting the political institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa countries is one of the key determinants in economic success. First of all, in the journal Why is African Poor? , the authors argue that SSA countries with political centralization generally have more successful economic development and social conditions. They use the Bushong, the dominant group in the Kuba state, and the Lele, effectively a stateless society as an historical example to illustrate how the political institutions affect economy. Those two groups are separated only by the Kasai River, but everything that the Lele have or can do, the Bushong have more and can do better. The main difference between these two groups is the political structure. The lack of political centralization causes the Lele trapped...
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...are being driven to extinction slowly but surely starting in Asia and moving across Africa. This simple fact breeds the question of why pangolins are dying off and why exactly pangolins are hunted significantly worse in Asia in comparison to Africa. Looking at how pangolins are continuously surviving against the odds in the wild gives a spectacular overarching perspective on why pangolins are going extinct due to their scales being used in traditional medicines and their meat being considered by bountiful amounts of peoples in Asia as a...
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...Unit 5 Q4: What were some of the internal factors that contributed to imperialism in Africa? During the late 1800s, a European man named David Livingstone traveled to Africa to promote Christianity and was there for so long, an American newspaper writer Henry Stanley was hired to find David Livingstone as they feared he was dead. During his exposition, he traced the course along the Congo river, and this made King Leopold II of Belgium interested. He then had Henry Stanley help him take over land in the Congo's. Eventually, due to poor treatment of African Americans, the Belgian government took Congo away from King Leopold. When Belgian got control of the Congo's, France wanted land. They eventually got the north bank of the Congo River. Eventually...
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...the third world countries especially Africa. Globalization can be said to be a unitarization factor of the world hence making the world look like one whole entity. Globalization has both positive and negative impacts to Africa as a continent. It is no doubt that globalization has promoted greater respect for human rights, democracy, liberalized trading, technology, and contributed to the development of African press. This has strongly opened African countries to far greater scrutiny than in the past, making life hard for African governments to get away with excessive and blatant abuses of democratic leadership governance and transparency. Moreover, the technological revolution presupposes the free movement of goods, information, and people across national boundaries. It has an effect on employment patterns worldwide by the contribution to a great deal of outsourcing which is one of the best organizational and industry structure shifts these changes the way business operates. Further, Globalization is changing organizational structures where expenses can move up or down as the business climate dictates. In terms of positive economic opportunities globalization is the establishment of new economic opportunities for corporations, small businesses, through the access to global markets. Kenya has benefited from globalization by increasing the share of exports especially to the more industrialized African countries, for example; South Africa and Zimbabwe represent small markets for...
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...the West, hunger has continued to sweep East Africa. Why is this still happening? Is it just caused by poor rains and rising food prices? According to authors Alex Perry and Kassahun Addis (Time 2008), the United Nations estimates that 14 million people need food aid. They also mention that there a need for HIV/AIDS medicine. As college students, why should we care about the situation in East Africa? There are times when we are hungry and we just go to the grocery store or to a fast food restaurant to buy food when we have money. We don’t always think about other people who can’t do this. In Fresno, food is available even when we are in a drought. I feel that college students should know more about the starvation problem in other countries like the ones in East Africa. It is important to understand that the authors want us to open our eyes to this major world problem. The hunger situation in East Africa has been going on for a long time and it looks like it will probably continue. They did research on Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya to learn more about what is being done about supplying food and teaching the people how to grow their own food. We should also be aware that even though aid is still needed, programs were started in 2005 to provide employment to Ethiopians so they could afford to buy food grown by Ethiopian farmers. Even though there have been many years of aid, education and employment, the situation in East Africa hasn’t been solved. Since the Ethiopians are...
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...With war comes destruction so distrubuting foreign aid is important for any country,but what aid are we sending should be a question.Peace and war has always been around in africa. With the Foregin aid it has pro’s and con’s for the country. Africa is a rich land but the country is so poor. The government is crupeted,so the people have to suffer. There is an article in the wallstreet journal on “why foreign aid is hurting africa”. They did a insight on Kibera,Africa. kibera is one of the largest slum in africa, but ironicly the the united nation for human settlement is located right in Kibera.The agency recieves millions of dollars. That money is mandated to promote socially and enviromentally sustainable towns and cities with the goal to provide adequate shelters for all. In a curupt country with a war going on within it’s community /government money is being sent to aid the people but they are not receiving it. It is sort of like the poor gets poorer and the growth gets slower. One of the former President Frederick Chiluba was charged with theft of state funds. Throughout the african government history they have had several president that has been stealing from the people’s aid. As the government steals money it does not only grease they’re pockets but it harms the people. They lose medical care,education,food supplies and etc. people in africa are sick with no care or hope to get care so they just die slow and painful(at times). They life spand weaknend. With the people...
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...Western definition since World War II has defined poverty in monetary terms, using levels of income or consumption to measure poverty (Grusky and Kanbur, 2006: 11) and defining the poor by a headcount of those who fall below a given income/consumption level or ‘poverty line’ (Lipton and Ravallion, 1993: 1 in Handley et al., 2009). Multidimensional definitions acknowledge that poverty is also defined by a sense of helplessness, dependence and lack of opportunities, self-confidence and self-respect on the part of the poor. (Narayan et al., 2000). Sen (1999) defines poverty as lack of freedom while another dimension view it as interlinked forms of deprivation in the economic, human, political, sociocultural and protective spheres (OECD, 2006).This essay discusses the issue of poverty in Africa from colonial period to present day. The paper also analyses the causes of poverty since colonial era, the poverty alleviation strategies adopted to deal with poverty and propose possible solutions for poverty alleviation. A plethora of case studies will be drawn from several countries to substantiate the claims and insights provides in this paper. 2.0 Poverty, colonialism and Colonial Legacy Poverty is attributed to colonial legacy and how colonial rule marginalized the Africans in economic participation. In Africa, poverty is attributed to the economic activities of the colonial masters which exploited labour, natural resources and expropriated the continent while there was little plough back...
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...Topic: Agriculture Personal notes Outline: * Land Reform & Econ Dev * Explaining the poor performance of African Agric * Assessing the Impact of Agric Policy Reforms * Exploiting the synergy between price and non-price factors 1. Land Reform * Means alot: redistribution/reclamation/reforestation & policies affecting land * For us – narrow focus. SO: redistrib of prop /land rights for benefit of landless / tenants and farm labourers * Agrarian refors – embraces improvement in tenure and agric organisation Property rights: * Establishment or PR system is nb public good * Large info on benefits from public invest in securing and maintaining prop rights to land: in Afr is one of most nb assets Land Tenure: * Must change if agric g and improvement is to happen * Set of rights to det who owns land and who has rights to use and how it be used * Issues: marriage, inheritance, sale, mortgage, size of farming, operation, water, pasture, and tenancy * Types: Communal, Pvt/Freehold, State * Communal most popular Issues in communal land system: * Use and conservation given degradation, agroforestry, cultivation * Security of tenure & investment – what you control determines level of your investment into land * Exclusivity of tenure – if not exclusive use, and you cant control mgt of – not invest * Land as asset for credit – if not own/control, not get finance * Fragmentation/Subdivision...
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...absolute poverty worldwide has fallen 20%, yet poverty levels in Africa have remained static, hovering around 40% of the continent’s population over the same time period (“Poverty”). Poverty is endemic to many developing nations in Africa, and many attempts have been made to ameliorate the socio-economic toll that it wreaks on the region. However, the continued predominance of poverty in the region today makes it clear that previous attempts at traditional poverty eradication have failed. More recently, the rise of social entrepreneurship has revitalized the discussion about poverty alleviation, with companies committing themselves to creating transformational benefit for the disadvantaged segments of society (Martin 151). TOMS Shoes is such a company that has made a commitment to social responsibility. Unfortunately, TOMS and its footwear draws a great deal of criticism, and there is mounting evidence that creating shared value, as seen in Oliberté Footwear’s business model, is a more effective route to poverty alleviation. Ultimately, we must carefully consider the advantages of Oliberté’s shared value over TOMS’ social responsibility, and call for future social business models to take note of what both of these social enterprises do right and wrong to create the best solution for bringing upward social mobility to destitute Africans. To bring about upward social mobility, let us first define it and consider why it is so crucial for Africa’s economic development. Upward social mobility...
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.... South Africa South Africa, a country on the southern tip of Africa, has an area of 471,442sq mi and a population of 44,188,000. It is predominately a black ethnicity with 76% of the population. Although South Africa is Africa's most developed country, most of the black people - rural and urban - are poor, with low standards of living. South Africa has vital natural resources such as diamonds and gold and is rich in other resources such as coal, chromite, copper, iron ore, manga- nese, platinum, phosphate rock, silver, uranium and vanadium (South Africa, 2008). It is obvious that South Africa can sustain their economy through these resources. Through the centuries South Africa has faced difficult time since the Dutch came in 1600’s, in 1700 they started importing slaves establishing the dominance of white over non- whites in the region. The non-whites faced discrimination for years under apartheid and political corruption ran by the whites. Today things look better for the people of South Africa, but they still have many obstacles to overcome. Although South Africa has overcome many travesties throughout the years, their reasonably new democracy faces more with complex political parties, recent struggles with homelessness, and what is being done about this situation. Firstly, apartheid is an “Afrikaans word literally meaning apartness,” refers to the policy of racial segregation and its concomitant economic and political discrimination that was adopted by the South...
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