...Ramy Gabal ENG2850 Professor Hale Sirin Due: February 26, 2015 An Essay on Religion During the late 17th and 18th centuries, a powerful movement spread across Europe that fundamentally changed European society. Widely referred to in hindsight as the Enlightenment, this era in European history showed a great emphasis on the glory of reason and science, dramatically shifting from the emphasis on religious doctrine that empowered Europe for centuries. Through this period of Enlightenment, new ideals were reflected amongst European society. Writers, scholars, and philosophers began writing fondly of the world and man’s capacity to understand the world around him without blindly following religion. Instead, people were encouraged to apply rational thoughts to understand nature and guide their human existence. Authors used their unique styles to criticize religion by identifying the pious man as a hypocrite. These different styles working toward similar goals can be seen in the very different expressions of the theme of religion versus rationality in Jean-Baptiste Molière’s Tartuffe and Alexander Pope’s An Essay on Man. Jean-Baptiste Molière, generally considered the greatest French comic playwright of all time, was born into wealth, his family being that of the noble court of Louis XIV. Due to his regal upbringing, Molière was afforded access to the best education of his day, studying under the Jesuits at the College of Claremont. Rather than accepting a position in the...
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...KINGDOM PRINCIPLES PREPARING FOR KINGDOM EXPERIENCE AND EXPANSION KINGDOM PRINCIPLES PREPARING FOR KINGDOM EXPERIENCE AND EXPANSION Dr. Myles Munroe © Copyright 2006 — Myles Munroe All rights reserved. This book is protected by the copyright laws of the United States of America. This book may not be copied or reprinted for commercial gain or profit. The use of short quotations or occasional page copying for personal or group study is permitted and encouraged. Permission will be granted upon request. Unless otherwise identified, Scripture quotations are from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Publishing House. All rights reserved. Scripture quotations marked (NKJV) are taken form the New King James Version. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Please note that Destiny Image’s publishing style capitalizes certain pronouns in Scripture that refer to the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, and may differ from some publishers’ styles. Take note that the name satan and related names are not capitalized. We choose not to acknowledge him, even to the point of violating grammatical rules. Cover photography by Andy Adderley, Creative Photography, Nassau, Bahamas Destiny Image® Publishers, Inc. P.O. Box 310 Shippensburg, PA 17257-0310 “Speaking to the Purposes of God for this Generation and for the Generations to Come. ” Bahamas Faith Ministry...
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...MODULE ONE AN INTRODUCTION TO GENESIS Bible Topics | * Mosaic Authorship * Dating of Genesis * Purpose of Writing * Theological Themes of Genesis | People to Know | Places to Know | Terms to Know | SpinozaAstruc | | Documentary TheoryCovenant History | Study Questions: Answer the following questions (based on the reading), save it and then submit it to the professor. 1. What is the Documentary Theory? The Documentary Source Theory states the belief that Torah was not written by Moses, but rather, four independent authors. (Ch. 1 Pg. 21 ) 2. Give the “contributions” Spinoza and Astruc made to this theory. Spinoza developed a "higher criticism" of the Bible to analyze its contents internally, rather than through the text, which is tagged "lower criticism". (Ch.1 Pg. 21) 3. How does Davis refute this theory? Because it takes everything God made as a farse considering there is scientific evidence to back up this theory 4. Give several examples of external evidences for Mosaic authorship? The external evidences are contained with in the Torah, which contains references to Mosaic authorship. Exod. 17 :14; 24:4; 34:27; Num. 33:1, 2; Deut. 31:9. Numerous references :n the New Testament also allude to Mosaic authorship, and many are direct quotes from Christ Him- self. For example, Jesus asked the Sadducees, "Have ye not read in the book of Moses, how in the bush God spake unto him, saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the God...
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...forefront over spiritual connection to the land and Its history, mans sole concern was to 'develop' the land by turning the trees into houses, no matter the ramifications of his actions. Andrew McGahan's, The White Earth explores ideas of the destruction of the environment as a result of white settlement in Australia, and how this has impacted man's spiritual connection to the land. Such ideas are conveyed through the use of language, juxtaposition and point of view. Many language techniques are utilised throughout this text in order to express ideas about the beauty of nature and how this beauty is being destroyed through the careless acts of man. The use of symbolism implies a much broader and deeper meaning to the words chosen by the author, for example when Mcgahan writes, “There were only these notches hewn in the tree trunks, slowly disappearing.” He intends for a much broader interpretation of the disappearance of footholds in the trees; he is commenting on the slow disappearance of the Aboriginal culture through the use of symbolism. Another way in which McGahan employs language techniques in order to explore ideas is through the use of personification; the author brings the environment to life through personification as a means to provoke sympathy from the reader. “Bizarrely shaped fungi, feeding off the rotting limbs of fallen trees.” This grim expression transforms a seemingly inanimate tree into something that is living and human like, he does so again when he writes,...
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...God and one argument against the existence of God. Explain each argument and show why it is potentially helpful or dangerous for the theist. Then, explain which of these arguments you find more convincing, and why. 2.Comparing Religions: Compare the worldview of one of the monotheistic religions we have discussed with one other religion we have studied, mono or polytheistic. Explain three specific points of similarity and three clear differences in each world view. Given these similarities and differences, would you say the two religions compared are fundamentally at odds or in agreement concerning their understandings of human transformation in response to perceived ultimacy? 3.Buddha, Jesus, Mohammad: Compare and contrast TWO of the three figures above. Using specific examples, explain a major similarity and a major difference in the account of their lives, their teachings, and in the role given to each by their respective religions. Who do you find to be the more compelling spiritual leader and why? 4.Compare two different sects of the same western religion, either Judaism, Christianity or Islam. Explain three major ways the sects are similar in their understanding or practice of the religion, and three major differences. Based on the similarities and differences presented do you think the sects really vastly differ in their understanding of their religious life? If not, why not? If so, which sect do you find more spiritually insightful? 5. Compare the...
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...#33 Rasul, Nashwina A. February 24, 2014 2ASN2 Confucian Philosophy of Man More than a million years ago, primitive human beings lived on a land known as China. China is recognized as one of the four greatest ancient civilizations of the world, together with ancient Egypt, Babylon, and India. It is known for its rich history based on the written records that were found nearly 5,000 years ago. From 475 BC to the end of the 19th century, China went through a long feudal period. It experienced two seemingly contradictory and paradoxical phenomena. Knowing that it was the most violent and chaotic period in ancient Chinese history due to the conflict between the collapse of the traditional Chinese culture and the establishment of a universal empire, it was also considered to be the most creative and innovative one since it was indeed an age wherein philosophers tried to give their personal opinions regarding the world and attempted to contribute something in the history of Chinese philosophy. All the competing Chinese philosophical traditions – Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism and Mohism, among others – trace their origins back to this period which is closely identified with the wellspring of Chinese philosophical, political, and social thought. The battle of ideas among the fabled numerous masters and hundred schools of thought that lasted for more than three centuries, was fought, but at the same...
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...Hajj (The Pilgrimage ) Dr. Ali Shariati Translated by: Ali A. Behzadnia, M.D. & Najla Denny Prepared by the Evecina Cultural & Education Foundation (ECEF) P.O Box 11402 - Costa Mesa, CA 92627 Copyrights Preserved Published by Jubilee Press Reproduced with permission by the Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project team About the Author Dr. Ali Shariati was born in Mazinan, a suburb of Mashad, Iran. He completed his elementary and high school in Mashad. In his years at the Teacher's Training College, he came into contact with youth who were from the lower economic strata of the society and tasted the poverty and hardship that existed. At the age of eighteen, he started as a teacher and ever since had been a student as well as a teacher. After graduating from college in 1960, on a scholarship he pursued graduate studies in France. Dr. Shariati, an honor student, received his doctorate in sociology in 1964. When he returned to Iran he was arrested at the border and imprisoned on the pretext that he had participated in political activities while studying in France. Released in 1965, he began teaching again at Mashad University. As a Muslim sociologist, he sought to explain the problems of Muslim societies in the light of Islamic principles - explaining them and discussing them with his students. Very soon, he gained popularity with the students and different social classes in Iran. For this reason, the regime felt obliged to discontinue his courses at the university. Then...
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...sex, and how it is defined in Leviticus, with particular attention to Leviticus 18:6-23. This is due to the fact that in chapter 18 of Leviticus, it is formatted in such a way where it is laid out as law, or apodictic law. The author tries to deviate from just explaining what the scriptures mean in its context, but instead tries to use the contextual format from the chapters before and after chapter 18 to see what its true interpretation should lay on. Leviticus Chapter 18:6-23 is Lord God talking to Moses about the things that the Israelites shall not do. God speaks to Moses telling him to tell the people of Israel what he is telling him and no to do as others do. “You shall not do as they do in the Land of Egypt, where you lived, and you shall not do as they do in the land of Canaan, to which I am bringing you. You shall not follow their statutes” Leviticus 18:3. (Collins, Harper pg 177) Shortly after God states this to Moses, he describes multiple different ordinances of law dealing with Sexual Relations. A great deal of these ordinances deal with Incest Relationships, such as “None of you shall approach anyone near of kin to uncover nakedness” Leviticus 18:6. (Collins, Harper pg 177) Along with that verse there are multiple others deal with uncovering nakedness of your father, your mother, sister, brother, daughter and in-laws. These ordinances set out by God come pretty standard as to what is expected of the Israelites, as God describes in detailed value of who around ones...
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...person —the food, clothing, heat, light, and housing available per head—varied across societies,” creating a gap before industries came to widen it. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, Britain did not have as much income as China did. Britain’s land made it difficult to farm, exposing the difficulties of what an ever growing population did to society. In his book, The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy, Kenneth Pomeranz demonstrates how Britain’s, like the rest of Europe’s, “disadvantages were concentrated in areas of agriculture, land management, and the inefficient use of certain land intensive products.” Without the ability to provide enough resources for a population to survive, there is no way for a population, let alone an economy, to...
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...NATURE OF MAN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE IN 10 MODULES E. Kolawole Ogundowole, Ph.D., D.Sc. Professor & Head of Philosophy Department University of Lagos. Akoka, Lagos. Nigeria Correct Counsels Limited Research. Counselling. Publishing. Book Supply First published 2003 Correct Counsels Ltd. P. O. Box 53 Akoka, Lagos. C E. Kolawole Ogundowole, 2003 ISBN: 978 -37004 - 0 – 5 This book is copyright. All rights reserved under the Copyright La Enquiries should be addressed to the Publishers. Printed in Nigeria by: Mustard Press Enterprises 16, Ogundola Street Sungas-BAriga. PREFACE A few words about the overall objectives of the course is appropriate as a starting point. Historically, philosophy was the first form of theoretical knowledge. As a rational theoretical tool of comprehending the world, philosophy arose in ancient Greece in stiff battle with mythology and religious consciousness. It came out to lay the foundation for the evolvement of scientific consciousness and the emergence and development of the sciences - Mathematics, Astronomy, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, etc. In an environment rife with various and varying superstitions and myths, the study of the History of Science and Philosophy of Science becomes crucial, lest science itself falls within the ambit of mythology and superstition and becomes another form of myth even in the hands of the tutored. The study of the History of Science...
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...Roy Abrams Burying SM Paper April 17, 2011 Death. Death is an inevitable occurrence in the life cycle of the human race that is dealt with in numerous different ways. Culture. Cultures are so numerous and varying that it is almost impossible to compare the small nuances that make them unique. Death and culture truly share a major thing in common, as they coincide harmoniously with such questions as “How is death handled?” and “What happens next?” As human beings, it is certainly possible to only look at the perspective of death that our particular culture is familiar with, and to let that obscure the views of others around the world. In Africa, death is a little more complicated. Placing the focus on one country in Africa, Kenya is a land that is still divided by tribal differences, differences that have been in place since written record itself is known about this region of the world. Death in Kenya raises a few questions, just as it does in places like Chicago, or Venice, or any small town in rural Kansas. These questions were far more involved after the death of lawyer Silvano Melea Otieno in 1986. “SM”, as the man’s name is abbreviated, was born a member of the Luo clan or tribe, but upon marriage with is wife Virginia, a Kikuyu tribe member, threw Kenya for a loop in ways he could never have imagined (Cohen; Odhiambo, 1992). The problem that was really a deep-seeded threat in this situation was a case of pluralism, or a diversity of views. An intense legal...
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...as personal freedom, individuality, love, and altruism. Since the beginning of history, we have struggled to find truth and understanding. People like Jesus Christ, Siddhartha Gautama, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Immanuel Kant, Albert Einstein, George Washington (and so many others), have helped to create a model of human ambition, have helped us to better recognize our underlying purpose in the universe. We have in our history the examples of Ancient Greece, the Enlightenment, and the Romantic Movement. We have created music, logic, poetry, art, religion, science, and mathematics in order to assist us in our quest to dissect creation and find some sort of semblance of meaning that might justify our existence. The list of our accomplishments is immeasurably vast. However, man might have proved that he can reach for ideals, but he has not proved that he can maintain them. We may have climbed mountains, but we have not been able to live for long in such high places. Despite our accomplishments, humanity’s failings have been just as extensive. Our history is also scarred with a long list of wars, injustices, unnecessary deaths, prejudices, hatreds, and disappointments. The pinnacle of our shortcomings, the end-point to our intellectual development as a species, can best be understood in the context of our World Wars. Although humanity has always lived side-by-side with war, never before in our history has so much widespread violence destroyed so many idyllic hopes and dreams. Never...
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...“Miles to go before I sleep” Robert Frost’s poem, “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”, is a few lines describing a man’s horse ride through the woods, but it speaks to everyone who reads it about major questions concerning their lives. In Stanley Burnshaw’s Biography, “Robert Frost”, he said, “In the great short lyrics of New Hampshire (1923) and West-Running Brook (1928)—such as “Fire and Ice,” “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,” and the title poem of the latter book—a bleak outlook on life persuasively emerges from the combination of dramatic tension and nature imagery freighted with ambiguity”. Frost was a powerful poet who used metaphors and imagery in his writings; for that reason most of his written work is discussed at the academic level and his work can often be...
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...Introduction The most important technological development ever to occur in human history was the domestication of plants (agriculture) and animals (pastoralism). Together these developments are called the Neolithic Revolution. To understand how the Neolithic Revolution occurred it is necessary to understand the economic system it replaced. Until the Neolithic, and in most areas for a long time after, all humans engaged in an economic activity called "hunting and gathering". This system is called "food extraction" as opposed to "food production" by agriculture and pastoralism. This period, which occurred between 12,000 and 8,000 years ago, brought along many profound changes to human society and culture, including the creation of cities and permanent dwellings, labor specialization, the baking of bread, personal property, more complex hierarchical social structures, non-agricultural crafts, slavery, the state, official marriage, personal inheritance, and more. I’ve chosen this topic because we can’t imagine our life, if there were not such a revolution. What would we be without the Neolithic Revolution? I think without the Neolithic Revolution I probably wouldn’t be writing this paper right now. We wouldn't be staying in one place for long, because we would be moving around hunting and gathering for our food. We wouldn't have time for learning, or going to work, or a lot of the things we do. The Neolithic Revolution was the most transformative event in history, it was the beginning...
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...Tattoos are Art Patti Fuller DeVry University Professor Schnee Research Paper December 12, 2010 Great art inspires. Art can evoke strong emotions; compassion, joy, sorrow, anger...the list is extensive. In the words of the artist, Mark Rothko (2010): The fact that people break down and cry when confronted with my pictures shows that I can communicate those basic human emotions...the people who weep before my pictures are having the same religious experience I had when painting them. And if you say you are moved only by their color relationships then you miss the point. I’m not an abstractionist. I’m not interested in the relationship of color or form or anything else. I’m interested only in expressing basic human emotions: tragedy, ecstasy, doom, and so on. (Art Quotations) Fig. 1 Lopez, J. paco1 Fig. 1 Lopez, J. paco1 Interpretation of art is subjective and depends on the individual viewing it. One man’s trash is another man’s treasure, and one man’s deviant, anti-social, rebellious behavior, in getting a tattoo, is another man’s gaining a piece of traveling, semi-permanent art. Ancient tattooing often signified a rite of passage, coming-of-age or tribal affiliation, while tattoos in modern sub-cultures are more like badges and tattoos today have evolved from the anchors and pin-up girls sailors once sported to the reproductions of the masters and fine art works created by a new breed of masters, elevating tattoo to art. Tattooing is one of the most ancient forms...
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