...Kadesh Revisited: Reconstructing the Battle Between the Egyptians and the Hittites Author(s): Antonio Santosuosso Source: The Journal of Military History, Vol. 60, No. 3 (Jul., 1996), pp. 423-444 Published by: Society for Military History Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2944519 . Accessed: 25/01/2015 15:31 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Society for Military History is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Military History. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 140.182.176.19 on Sun, 25 Jan 2015 15:31:46 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Kadesh Revisited: Reconstructing the Battle Between the Egyptians and the Hittites Antonio Santosuosso QCHOLARLY interest in the battle of Kadesh, probably fought at the iend of May of the year 1300 B.C. between the Egyptians of Pharaoh Ramesses 11 (1304-1237) and the Hittites of King Muwatallish (13151296), dates from the latter part of the nineteenth century.1...
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...tastier and as well as enjoyable. How was farming crucially important in developing civilizations? During the Neolithic Revolution there were many significant changes in agriculture and tools used for hunting. The most significant change in this time was from hunting animals and collecting plants to actually growing the food and taming the animals. This helped these humans to start living in communities rather than moving from place to place looking for food and hunting. When people started growing crops, this started civilizations and more permanent settlements instead of nomadic lifestyles and are called Neolithic villages. Although they hunted for food, it was no longer necessary to rely on hunting to live. Farmers began cultivating crops near rivers with nutrients for their crops. River valley agriculture spread to Africa and Asia starting the rise of the first civilizations. Other groups were able to support agriculture yet did not do so while others thrived using this system. Explain ways that civilizations can flourish using the surrounding around the certain civilization. The first civilizations developed in Mesopotamia and Egypt and flourished with the aid of rivers and waterways which helped grow crops. An important river, called the Indus river helped flourish a civilization from the Himalayas to the coast of the Arabian sea. Two cities named Harappa and Mohenjodaro, lied in the center of a very important civilization. The Harappans, or the people within the city...
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...body before burial. Papyrus- Ancient Egyptian paper Pharaoh- Egyptian king Polytheistic- Belief of more than one god Rosetta Stone- A stone with writing on it in two different languages Sabbath- A religious day for jews Theocracy- A government of three Torah- A book of religious laws for jews Ziggurat- Rectangular stepped tower Important People: Cyrus the Great- The first Assyrian king Darius the third king of persia David king of Isreal Hammurabi the sixth Amorite king Hatshepsut the fifth pharaoh of eygpt Nebuchadnezzar Assyrian king Ramses II the third pharaoh Sargon akkadian emperor Solomon the king of Israel and son of david Thurmose III the third pharaoh of the 18th dynasty Tutankhamen pharaoh of the 18th dynasty Zoroaster the founder of zorastrianism Concepts you will need to know for this test are: 1.) Who was the first civilization to settle in the Fertile Crescent? Mesopotamia 2.) Why was Mesopotamia called, “land between the rivers”? What rivers? The tigris and Euphrates and it was literally between two rivers 3.) Why did people depend on the rivers? For crops 4.) Sumerians were what kind of religion? What does this mean? Polytheism and it means to believe in more than one god 5.) Sumerians were known for their writing which was called_________cuniform_________ 6.) What are some the...
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...Genieva Subic HIST – 1110 WESTERN CIVILIZATION I E Journal #1 Chapter one of our text covers a broad range of history beginning with the legend of Babel. (1) The story tells us how spoken communication has been lost over the years and it also creates a foundation for spoken history. (1) The text then moves on to the city of Çatalhöyük, which was established around nine thousand years ago in south central Turkey. (2) This city had eight thousand occupants living in two thousand homes, which is an average of four occupants per home, that’s not so different from how we live today. The people of Çatalhöyük were an organized and technologically sophisticated society that practiced religion, and had domesticated plants and animals. (2) This is just another example of how even though these people lived nine thousand years ago people today are still living in the same ways. I think that has been the most interesting part of the beginning of chapter one; our society still has many of the same values and practices of our ancient ancestors. The next section of chapter one focuses on the Old Stone Age or Paleolithic era. (3) The people of this era lived before written history existed, around 3000 B.C.E. However, they were tool-makers and artists. The cave paintings at Lascaux act as a type of history as do the finely made tools and jewelry that historians have discovered. (3) The Paleolithic people were known to be hunters and gatherers, they did not have domesticated animals, they had...
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...Shawn McGowan REL 120 Scriptures 11 December 2014 Modern Day Prophet A modern day prophet is someone who is an effective leader or spokesperson for a group/cause while promoting a prophetic message. I believe Bobby Henderson can be considered a modern day prophet because he leads a group of people promoting his own prophetic message. In a letter the Kansas State Board of Education Henderson reveals his newly acclaimed thoughts about Intellectual design. Bobby Henderson can be considered a modern day prophet, promoting his newly revived religion, Pastafarianism or the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster. In 2005 Bobby Henderson wrote a letter to the Kansas State Board of Education protesting their decision to permit teaching intellectual design as an alternative to evolution in public school science classes. Henderson satires creationism by ranting in his letter about a supernatural creator who closely resembles spaghetti and meatballs that “changes results of carbon dating with his Noodly Appendage”. Henderson prophesies that intelligent design uses ambiguous references to a creator; therefore any conceivable entity could fulfill that role. After receiving no reply from the board of education he posted his letter virally gaining significant public interest. As Henderson’s letter grew in popularity, the satirical nature of his argument caught global attention and received many supporters. According to Pastafarian beliefs, pirates are the original Pastafarians, and are...
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...HIST-T124 T1 Study Guide I. MULTIPLE CHOICE KEY CONCEPTS Early Humans and their Culture * Define “culture” * Identify the features of the Paleolithic and Neolithic Cultures Middle East * Define “civilization” * Explain the role of climate and geography in the development of Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations Near East * Explain the role of climate and geography in the development of Near Eastern civilizations * Identify the Hittites and Assyrians Indian Sub-Continent * Explain the role of climate and geography in the development of early Indian civilization * Recognize and identify key characteristics and features of Harappan and Vedic Aryan civilizations East Asia (China) * Explain the role of climate and geography on the emergence of civilization in East Asia * Identify and describe the key features of Shang and Zhou civilization The Americas * Explain the role of climate and geography in the development of civilization in the Americas * Focus on the Olmecs in Mesoamerica and Chavin de Huantar in the Andes Comparing the Four Great Revolutions * Identify and understand the main points of comparison and contrast between Chinese, Indian, Near Eastern, and Mediterranean philosophy and religion Philosophy in China * Identify and understand the key features and messages of Confucianism, Daoism...
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...IS THE BIBLE REALLY FROM GOD? HOW CAN WE BE CERTAIN? We must first remember in discussing the claims of the Bible with anyone, that the Bible is not a single, autonomous work. Rather, it is a collection of 66 different books written over a vast time span in three languages on three continents with authors from every station in life. These ancient works cover every major topic dealing with the human condition including: love, hate, death, sin, marriage, civil laws, and relationships with each other as well as with God. Although these works were written independently, they show an amazing congruency and they never contradict each other! When Paul writes "All scriptures is inspired by God (II Tim 3:16)", his primary reference is the Old Testament, which was completed 400 years previously. This is not to say that the verse doesn't apply to the New Testament as well, but Paul's subject matter was the Scriptures Timothy was taught as a child. Paul believes the Scriptures are "God-breathed"; that is they hold the same authority as if God were to come down and speak to you directly. Every word recorded in the original documents is considered to be chosen by God. So, our first point is that the testimony of Paul establishes a point of view that holds the Scriptures very highly. We know that the early church believed the Scriptures were inspired, we must now find out how to demonstrate that fact. Before going too far, I would ask your friend what type of evidence...
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...Thought the preconceived notion of the pharaoh being a god and having a spiritual connection to the god, they were able to lead Egypt into becoming one of the great civilizations of the Bronze Age. Egypt’s origin story, the creation of ornate temples and tombs, and accounts of the battle of Qadesh explains as to why the pharaoh was the most powerful man in ancient Egypt. They aid the idea of the pharaoh’s religious impact. The ability to use their “god given” right to showcase victories and achievements led to the pharaoh being believed of being the true man of the...
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...THOMAS EDWARD LAWRENCE PRESENTED TO PROFESSOR LEE CASTILLO FOR BIBL 471 – B03 BY REV. JOSEPH T. WHITAKER, III LU23755920 LIBERTY UNIVERSITY LYNCHBURG, VA JUNE 21, 2014 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND---------------------------------------------------------------------- ARCHAEOLOGICAL ENDEAVORS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS----------------------------- THE DEMISE OF THOMAS EDWARD LAWRENCE---------------------------------------------- CONCLUSION---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BIBLIOGRAPHY------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Introduction Thomas Edward Lawrence was born on August 16, 1888. He was born in Tremadog, Caernarfonshire, Wales, United Kingdom. He died on May 19, 1935 at Bovington Camp, Dorset, England, United Kingdom. T. E. Lawrence was a very intriguing and multitalented gifted individual. Was T. E. Lawrence a legitimate archaeologist; and did he make any meaningful contribution to the field...
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...state to state, but commonly include first-degree murder, murder with special circumstances, rape with additional bodily harm, and the federal crime of treason. (Facts) The goal of the death penalty then, is to deter these crimes from even taking place, to be so feared that offenders think twice about committing such horrible crimes. But does it? In the following paper, the above question will attempt to be answered by looking at the background of capital punishment and the death penalty, the ideas behind it, viable alternatives, and finally, the effectiveness of the death penalty at deterring crime. Early death penalty laws date back to the Eighteenth Century B.C.. The death penalty also had a heavy presence in the Fourteenth Century Hittite Code, the Seventh Century Draconian Code of Athens, and the Fifth Century Roman Law of the Twelve Tablets. (History, 1) Today, thirty-four states in the United States of America still practice the death penalty as a means of punishment for capital offenses and heinous crimes. The death penalty debate is one that Americans are no strangers to; it has been abolished and repealed numerous times throughout our history. Two of the first...
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...Week One Overview Why Study the Humanities? As students you are in various degree programs, what does the study of humanities hold for you? Are you really expected to care about any of this? What possible use could it be to you as you move through the various phases of your life and progress in your career? The textbook, The Creative Impulse. Sporre, D.J. 2002, defines the humanities as “those aspects of culture that look into the human spirit.” Study of the humanities traditionally includes the arts, literature, philosophy and history, and within history, the advent of technology and early scientific thought. These subjects contribute to our understanding of what it means to think, to feel, to be motivated to take action and to be human. That still sounds a little distant, doesn’t it? It’s not clear at all what any of this has to do with life as we experience it today. Consider this suggestion; that learning about these people with the strange names who lived in strange places so long ago, will open your eyes to the world around you in ways you never imagined. It will prompt you to think in new ways and to see connections between things you never knew were connected. If a genius is someone who sees connections between things that others do not, it will spark the genius within you. Some would argue that studying the Humanities in today’s cutthroat job market is a luxury we cannot afford to provide to students. The argument follows the lines of practicality...
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...evidence to the unique person of Jesus Christ. And how Christians choose to live their lives is important if we are to show Christ to the world. II. Section one: Did Jesus need to be born of a virgin? The answer to this question is absolutely! First, by Jesus being born of a virgin, God allowed the uniting of a fully human and fully divine nature into one person (Grudem, 1994, p.1). It helps us to more clearly understand that He was fully human, because He had an origin/birth like we did. Yet, we can see that He is also fully divine because His conception was supernatural. Secondly, through the virgin birth, Jesus was born without a sin nature, and this allowed Him to be the spotless, perfect sacrifice for our sins that God required. The sin nature is passed from the father to his child (Romans 5:12). Since Jesus had no earthly father, He did not inherit a sin nature like we did. He was able to remain sinless. God tells us in Genesis 3:15 that the seed of the woman would destroy the serpent. God made this come to pass through His own power with no human effort involved (Grudem, 1994, p.1). This is yet another way to show us that salvation cannot come through any of our own efforts, for they are useless and offensive to God (Isaiah 64:6). Our salvation can only come through the supernatural life, death, and resurrection of Christ. Lastly, the truth of the virgin birth is important because it helps prove the inerrancy of the...
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...Introduction How exciting it is to open the bible to the book of Exodus and read the narrative of the fulfillment of God’s promise in the rescue of the Israelites from captivity in Egypt—the call of Moses, the plagues, and the dramatic manifestation of God on Mt. Sinai. Though the book of Exodus is most famous for the revelation of the Ten Commandments contained in Chapter 20, it remains vague in terms of where the biblical account actually occurred, and yet we cannot begin to fully understand the Old Testament if we look at it as merely a piece of great literature, or as some have suggested nothing more than interesting legend, or the elaboration of superior ideals. … The Book of Exodus is a narrative of the sacred history of Israel from the sojourn in Egypt to the completion of the Tabernacle in the wilderness. The term Exodus comes from the Greek terminology and literally means “going out,” an appropriate title for the book that narrates how under the leadership of Moses, the Israelites escaped from Egyptian persecution and began their journey back to the Promised Land. To be certain, all human history is the scope of God’s sovereignty. God became especially involved in the lives of a relatively unknown people, culminating a historical event that changed biblical history and altered the course of their lives and culture. When we seek to understand the meaning of our individual life events, we don’t actually begin with birth or infancy, even though a biographical account...
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...The reliability and authenticity of the Bible The Bible claims to be the inspired word of God (2 Tim. 3:16, TEV). Yet much controversy and criticism exists over this book. If we are to accept and base our lives on the Bible as the word of God, then we need to have confidence in the reliability and the authenticity of the Bible. That is, we need to have confidence that the Bible is dependable and trustworthy and that what was written did happen. This essay outlines some convincing evidence to prove that this is the case. I will summarize and discuss bibliographical, external and internal evidence which confirms the reliability and authenticity of the bible. One of the first pieces of evidence lies in the uniformity of the message of the Bible. It is a collection of sixty-six books written over a period of approximately fifteen hundred years in three languages on three continents by forty authors. Kings, peasants, educated men, a doctor, a prime minister, a tax collector a rabbi, a fisherman are among the authors (McDowell, 1973). While it discusses numerous issues, and each book has different purposes, the overall themes of creation, the fall of man and redemption are clear throughout (Williams, 2002). Military historian Chauncy Sanders mentions three criteria scholars use in historiography (Williams, 2002). When applied to test whether the scriptures we have are the same as the original documents, that is to test their accuracy, these are manuscript evidence (textual)...
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...Chris Newman Michael Ritter REL124 16 December 2012 David: Hero, King and Prophet There is no doubt that King David is one of the most outstanding biblical and historical figures, who also inspired artists of all epochs to make him a hero of their work. His role was special as the second King of Israel and as a human ancestor of Jesus Christ. Thus, one can state for sure that this personality is of great importance both for Judaism and Christianity and embodies devotion to God and the idea of authority blessed by God as well. Most of information on David can be found in the Books of Samuel and Ruth. Historically, David was one of eight sons of Jesse, who in his turn descended from Judas. In the Old Testament books, it is mentioned that he was handsome, physically strong, had red hair and was an outstanding musician. He started by helping his father to care about the herd and quite succeeds in doing so. Even at a young age, he demonstrates courage as a shepherd when a lion and bear attack the herd. He conquers in the battle with beasts, for which he gains his first glory. In fact, it should be mentioned, that being a shepherd is more than a narrative element which is mentioned in the Bible. In fact, this role of David is foreshadowing his future position of Israeli ruler. In the scriptures, a shepherd is often a positive idea that implies being in charge of people. Even God has been compared to a shepherd not once like for instance in the following passage: ‘Then he blessed...
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