...lives. This would be a clear departure from Freud’s lengthy approach where the counselor would interpret the client’s story or life experience. Rogers believed, using empathetic understanding and unconditional positive regard people would have the potential given the proper tools to resolve their own problems. Rogers identified accurate empathetic understanding as another critical task of therapists. Choice Theory / Reality Therapy; William Glasser, born May 11, 1925 is an American psychiatrist who developed Choice Theory / Reality Therapy in the early sixties therapies. Choice Theory is an explanation of human behaviour developed by Dr. William Glasser. Reality Therapy is the application of Choice Theory within the context of helping relationships Glasser first developed this approach to use working in schools for troubled adolescents and may explain his life-long interest in both therapy and education. In 1985 the Institute of Guidance Counsellors arranged for Dr. Glasser to visit Ireland. By 1987 the Irish branch of the William Glasser Institute was founded and now co-ordinates training throughout Ireland. Reality Therapy continues to grow all over the world today. Choice theory rests on an assumption that we are always free to choose. Comparative Analysis The reality therapist teaches the client ways to try to control the world around them and how to meet their personal needs. They believe that...
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...needs are met, and by setting a tone in the classroom, and the tone of the classroom is set. My main goal is to have the right environment for all students to learn, without it, students will not be able to learn. I only have four classroom rules, they are: 1. Raise your hand to speak. 2. Be helpful, friendly, and fair to others. 3. Work quietly in your seats. 4. Show respect. Showing respect is the very important to me. If I have respect for my students, and they respect each other, this will lead to a safe environment. I will also have the students create their own classroom rule. I believe by doing so they are more likely to obey them and the consequences will not be fought against. I strongly believe in the “Choice Theory”, by William Glasser. He states that “students must have a choice and that if they help choose their curriculum and decide on the rules of the classroom they will then have ownership of their own learning”. If the student continues to misbehave, a phone call will be made to the parent. I also strongly agree on building a strong student-teacher relationship with my students. I want all of my students to feel comfortable, and not feel they are being treated unfairly, especially in a diverse classroom, where some students have different backgrounds. I do NOT want my...
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...want while stepping away from the world of bullying. It also allows the counselor to teach clients how to make substantial connections with others and how to determine if better choices are possible. Keywords: bullying, RT/CT, BPP A School Counselor’s Approach to Combating Bullying Using the Choice Theory and Reality Therapy Katy Perry once said, “People talk about bullying, but you can be your own bully in some ways. You can be the person who is standing in the way of your success, and that was the case for me.” (Perry, n.d.). RT and CT used in conjunction can be effective tools to help not only the bully but also the bullied. RT was first introduced by William Glasser in the 1960’s. He was a psychiatrist at a prison and school for girls operated by the California Youth Authority. (Corey, 2013). Glasser believed after working with the clients that he would be more effective as a psychiatrist to focus on the “sane part of clients rather...
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...Introduction This paper is an exploration of William Glassers Choice Theory. Firstly I will briefly look at definitions of counselling and how counselling has evolved. I will then look at his background, the philosophy and theory behind his therapy and how it is applied. Finally I will discuss what I feel are some of its strengths and weaknesses before finishing with my conclusion. Definitions of Counselling. There are many definitions of counselling, but most share the same idea: it is when one person helps another. To me counselling represents one word more than any other: CHANGE. One person is unhappy with some area of their life and wants it to change while the other person helps to facilitate that change. Just as there are many definitions of counselling there are many types of counselling with different philosophies. In fact “Karasu (1986) reported having come across more than 400 distinct models of counselling and psychotherapy “(McLeod, 2008, p.10). There is evidence of unhappy people in every society in history and the treatments were as varied in the past as they are today. As far back as the fourteenth century asylums were used to house the mentally ill, which also included people with speech disorders, epilepsy and depression. Up until the 19th century these places were more interested in removing them from the general public and locking them up than helping or curing them. Thankfully we have come a long way from this to a more accepting way of dealing...
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...REALITY THERAPY Reality Therapy: A New Approach to Psychiatry by William Glasser, M.D. Click on book title to buy direct from Amazon.com! Reality Therapy (Dr. William Glasser, M.D., 1965), according to Bob Sullo, is a method of counseling based on Choice Theory and aimed at helping individuals gain more effective control over their own lives. Individuals can also use it to improve their own effectiveness. This process has been proven effective in education, parenting, leadership, and management; it lends itself to any situation where people need to learn how to satisfy their needs in responsible ways. Reality Therapy is based on the belief that we all choose what we do with our lives and that we are responsible for our choices. Responsibility is defined as learning to choose behaviors that satisfy our needs and, at the same time, do not deprive others of a chance to do the same. Practitioners of Reality Therapy seek to persuade individuals to look honestly both at what they want and what they are doing to get what they want. An individual who is frustrated, or is frustrating others, is taught to evaluate what he or she is doing and, from this evaluation, learns about and puts into practice more effective (need-satisfying) behaviors. Reality Therapy helps people learn to be in effective control of their lives. It is a noncoercive method of communicating that enhances people's ability to make effective, need-fulfilling choices. Reality Therapy is an ongoing process with...
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...Glaser’s Seven Deadly Habits Choice Theory (also known as Reality Theory), developed by William Glasser, (2013) involves a central idea that individuals are responsible for their own choices. Inherent in this idea is the concept that one cannot control the actions or feelings of another. With this in mind, it is imperative to create a classroom in which students feel respected, safe and happy. This involves creating and understanding relationships with students and an effort to pay attention to the relationships students develop with each other in the classroom. (Not to mention the relationships teacher form with peer groups, administrators and stake holders in their educational communities). Glasser refers to the following behaviors as the “seven deadly habits” of teachers. These are behaviors which prevent the establishment of caring and safe learning environments by creating disharmony and discord in the classroom and prevent the establishment of healthy relationships. • Criticizing • Blaming • Complaining • Nagging • Threatening • Punishing • Rewarding others in an attempt to control behavior Glasser suggests teachers should establish the habit of replacing these negative behaviors with seven “connecting habits” which he identifies as: • Caring • Listening • Supporting • Respecting • Encouraging • Trusting • Negotiating differences I know that it is important to maintain a respectful, safe and happy environment for my students in the band room...
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...Jude_Midterm Counselling Theory Paper 2013 Fall. Reality Therapy (William Glasser). Gladding (2005) maintained that reality therapy was formulated by William Glasser in the early 1960s. It began as a major theoretical approach in 1965 with the publication of Glasser’s book Reality Therapy (1965). This approach emphasizes choices that people can make to change their lives and focuses on two general concepts: the environment necessary for conducting counselling and the procedures leading to change (Wubbolding, 1998, as cited in Gladding, 2005, p.91) it is usually essential to establish a safe environment before change can occur. Reality therapy is a flexible, friendly, and firm approach to working with clients, it is also action oriented. It emphasizes the fulfilment of psychological needs, the resolution of personal difficulties, and the prevention of future problems (Gladding, 2005). Reality Therapy View Of Human Nature/Personality Gladding said that Glasser maintained that people act on a conscious level and that they are not driven by instincts and the unconscious. Glasser believes that there is a health/ growth forces in every person that seeks both physical and psychological health/ growth. Physically, there is the need to obtain and use life-sustaining necessities such as food, water, and shelter. According to Glasser, human behaviour was once controlled by physical need for survival. He associates behaviours such as breathing, digesting, and sweating with physical or...
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...love and inclusion, fun and survival. Culture is an enormous part of ones behavior and thought patterns. Regional, national, and subnational culture may share similar ethnics but may choose to do things differently. Many corporations formed organizational cultures which often displayed similar behavior. Family culture can be the most influential because a family’s VABEs often shape who one is or may become. Individuality allows one to be whom one chooses to be and how one chooses to perform. Clawson uses expectancy theory, control theory, and choice theory to examine why people behave the way they do. The expectancy theory allows people to be motivated on things that they expect they can do and receive rewards from doing it. William Glasser states that the control theory is what a person wants at any given time. He has three principles of control theory: I know what’s right for you, I have a right to tell you what’s right for you and I have a right to punish you if you don’t do what’s right for you. Otherwise, the choice theory allows you to choose what you want. Also, choice theory has three principles: every person knows what’s right for him...
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...INDIVIDUAL Assignment Coversheet This form is to be completed by students submitting hard copies of essays or assignments for a Faculty of Social Sciences subject. Assignments are to be submitted to the relevant academic. ------------------------------------------------- PLAGIARISM ------------------------------------------------- Deliberate plagiarism may lead to failure in the subject. Plagiarism is cheating by using the written ideas or submitted work of someone else. The University of Wollongong has a strong policy against plagiarism. See Acknowledgement Practice/Plagiarism Prevention Policy at http://www.uow.edu.au/about/policy/UOW058648.html ------------------------------------------------- Please note: Students MUST retain a copy of the Assignment Receipt for any work submitted. Student Name: Leanne Brooks Student Number: 9659072 Subject Code & Name: EDGS916 Assignment Title: Assessment Task 3 Tutorial/Practical Group: Wednesday 8pm (Day and Time) Tutor’s Name: Ray Handley Assignment Due Date: 26th October, 2015 DECLARATION We certify that this is entirely our own work, except where we have given fully documented references to the work of others, and that the material contained in this assignment has not previously been submitted for assessment in any formal course of study. We understand the definition and consequences of plagiarism. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The marker of this assessment item may, for the purpose of assessing this assignment, reproduce...
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...Personal Model of Helping Robert Wheeler BSHS/312 January 28, 2013 Dr. Elizabeth Jorgensen Personal Model of Helping Introduction Within the magnitude of psychotherapy are various approaches taken to get to the end of a clinical relationship in a successful manner. The ultimate goal of therapy is to remove any barriers within the range of the therapists’ education and skill, thus making the linchpin of recovery a split responsibility between the client and clinician. However, in order to assist a client in restoring purpose and meaning to their life; the clinician uses many strategies, approaches, and techniques to begin the process. Using an array of tools from different systems and models does not hinder but helps the process move forward in a successful direction. The model most likely to be used personally is the Reality Therapy model. Choice Theory is a personal favorite because it can assist a client or participant in living a happier, healthier, and constructive lifestyle in a short period of time. Within this model it is noted that most cases of misery or dysfunction are directly related to the unhappy relationships that individuals carry with other people. Because of this, it is important to learn how to give up the external locus of control and only controlling themselves. In return, this opens up several doors in different aspects of living a satisfying lifestyle triumphantly, giving treatment an opportunity to become a win-win situation. Personal Viewpoint ...
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...Constructive Speech What determines the outcome of someone’s life? Is it the choices they make or is it the situations they have been placed into? Good morning Mrs.Gittins, mediator, scores, my opponents, my colleague and audience. My partner and I agree on the fact that Willie is most definitely not to blame for the situation he has ended up in. In Willy’s case the outcome of his life is based on the situations he was placed into. We believe this is due to the fact that during his childhood years a father figure was not present. Also, Willy’s wife Linda Lowman clearly understood that her husband was mentally unstable but she decided to turn a blind eye and deny just like the rest of society and pretend as if everything were okay. In the play, Willie’s character is a tragic hero and an unconscious victim. He sees the world around him changing and his own inability to change with it seals his fate. The audience learns that Willie strongly believes that success is not what you know, but who you know and how well you are liked. At one point in time Willie was a very successful salesman, when Howard’s father ran the company. Many promises were made between Willie and Howard’s father across that desk in the office. Despite the fact that Willie worked hard his entire life, and was rewarded very little, the promises that he believed in for all his years of work and strived towards fell through. Now that he is old and not able to keep up at the pace he used to Howard thinks...
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...Imagery is very important in poetry. It is used to give the reader a visual or sense of what the author is talking about. Imagery triggers something in the brain that then gives us the ability to correlate a word with a sound, smell, feelings or even sight. Without any type of imagery, it would make it very difficult to relate with the author. Color imagery is used to trigger sight and make us visualize colors and associate it with the words either preceding or proceeding. In the two poems, “Nothing Gold Can Stay” by Robert Frost and “Spring and All” by William Carlos Williams, color imagery plays a big role in describing the scene. “Nothing Gold Can Stay” by Robert Browning is a poem about nature and how everything is so beautiful at first, but it then becomes subsides and isn’t as wonderful. “Nature’s first green is gold”, this could refer to the sunrise in the morning (499). This reminds me of all the gorgeous hues of a sunrise and how the sky and everything the sun hits seems golden. It could also be referring to seasonal changes. When spring is around, all the flowers and sunlight look amazing, but when the flowers start turning into leaves and falling off, it is a little upsetting to look at. “So dawn goes down to day”, this gives me the sense that Frost is talking about the early mornings (499). Watching dawn turn into day is disappointing, especially when you get to see all the natural colors coming from dawn and then it just turns into another plain day. The last line...
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...Running head: COLOR OF IMAGERY IN POEMS 1 COLOR IMAGERY IN POEMS 2 Color imagery; also known as color symbolism is a literary tool that refers to the meaning associated with a certain color. The color symbolizes a feeling or meaning. Author’s use color imagery to help the reader reference the feeling or meaning. In literature it is an object or reference used to provide meaning to the writing beyond what is essentially being described. It can be restrained or obvious, used cautiously or strong. An author may repeat the same object to communicate a deeper meaning or might use distinctions of the same object to produce a mood or feeling. Nothing Gold Can Stay, written by Robert frost in the year 1923, uses color imagery. The title of the poem is a metaphor where the gold represents value and wealth so when it says nothing gold can stay it means that nothing that is precious or of great value in the materialistic way can last forever. Gold symbolizes materialism it will not last for long and it gives an untrue happiness. Gold and other things such as, money can take years to accumulate but can be depleted in an instant. On the other hand, things having emotion and sentimental values cannot be bought with money and therefore will remain with us throughout our life. Frost says “nature’s first green is gold” he compares the color of nature “green’ with something that can be bought; gold. He is trying to portray that...
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...ENG340b Professor V. Levchev Final Paper Imagism and Symbolism: American Poets in Europe The key aspects discussed in this paper are American Imagists in Europe in the beginning and the middle of 20th century. However, everything has its roots and its beginnings. The same way imagism movement initially developed from symbolism, very popular literary movement of the end of 19th century, which influenced most of the imagist poets. Symbolism was an art movement originated in France, Belgium and Russia in the end of the 19th century, which remained prominent almost until the end of the World War II. This movement was a reaction to the predominating at that time standards and rules of realism. It appeared as a new manifestation of the romanticism and was concerned about preserving individualism in the modern world, absorbed by the mass culture.1 Usually being enclosed in free verse, symbolism was about expression of author’s personal emotions. It handled very composite feelings that appeared from the everyday life in the world and was rather about evoking than about describing. It used an object, person, colour or just a word in order to represent or describe something else. It was used when an author wanted to create some specific mood or any given emotion in his piece.2 Being tired of realism, Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot, introduced symbolism to the America. Nevertheless, Pound was looking for something else, for something new in his poetry and, along with some...
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...William Carlos Williams and His Imagist Poetry Modernism and Imagism, two movements in literature ,which were developed in the 20th century .At the beginning of the decade ,modernism was a revolution of style .Crime, depression, and materialism filled this era. Musician, artists,and writers broke away from technique to create a new art.Also, imagism brought fragmental and chaotic life where nobody felt secure and happy.After that,modernism was related with decent and realistic art form.The modernist artists like Edwin Dickinson and a painter Arthur Dove looked for an object of inspiration ,individual vision and the value of immediate observation where they emphasized on surroundings around them in everyday life.Some modernists were supported by photographer and gallery owner Alfred Stieglitz who obtained the power to change the drift of American art. Moreover,art,drawing and painting were based on subjects describing actual world ideas.Also, modernism was a variety of ‘’-ism’’ such as Fauvism,Cubism,Dadaism and Futurism to break away the previous rules of orientations,color,and writing in order to their own visions. Some time after modernism,the imagist poets began to gain importance.They wrote short poems that their work would be rich and direct.They focused on individual...
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