...Thomas School of Education Counselor Education Cohort Program Submitted by: Carolyn Assaad, B.A. School Counseling Candidate Submitted to: Dr. Roman Alvarez, LPC-S, NCC, ACS, LMFT, LSOTP, FAPA, MTAPA Summer I, 2012 RUNNING HEAD: HOWARD GARDNER’S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES 2 Abstract This paper explores the following: 1) discusses Howard Gardner’s philosophy of education and background; 2) discusses qualities that make him an educational leader including the relevance of his work; 3) examines his theory of multiple intelligences and its relevance in education; 4) addresses pros and cons of his theory and 5) discusses the influence he has had on education in the United States. Implications for current issues in education and counseling are addressed with regards to the theory presented. RUNNING HEAD: HOWARD GARDNER’S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES 3 Background and Philosophy In the 1960’s Howard Gardner was a graduate student in Psychology at Harvard University. He was trained as a developmental psychologist so he was concerned with the nature of human organisms and the stages and laws of cognition as well as the stages of moral judgment and aesthetic evaluation. He had the opportunity to study under individuals such as psychoanalyst Erik Erikson, sociologist David Riesman, and psychologist Jerome Bruner who all influenced and helped him along his course of investigating human nature. He was also...
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...education theory is the speculative thought of education and just like any other theory; it explains, guides, and describes the practices of education. The earliest speculation on educational processes began during the times of classical sophists and Greek philosophers. Current education speculations use terms like andragogy, curriculum, learning pedagogy, education organization, leadership, and policy. Education thought is derived from various disciplines like, philosophy, sociology, critical theory, psychology, and history among others. This paper will discuss five topics based on the best education theory to be applied in the classroom setting with focus on two education theories postulated by Lev Vygotsky and John Dewey. This paper will also address information processing by students, behaviors of teachers to promote thinking, implications of language development on learning and teaching, and on the relationship between the emotional and social development on student behavior and learning. Classroom Observation Analysis Education theory can either be descriptive like in the sciences or normative like in philosophy. Education theory postulates what education processes are supposed to consist of; it sets the standards, norms, and goals in carrying out an education process. The scientific education theory gives a set of hypotheses, which have to be experimented and verified. The two approaches have produced two broad categories of education theories, which are...
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...NAAC The NATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND ACCREDITATION COUNCIL (NAAC) is an autonomous body established by the University Grants Commission (UGC) of India to assess and accredit institutions of higher education in the country. It is an outcome of the recommendations of the National Policy in Education (1986) that laid special emphasis on upholding the quality of higher education in India. The system of higher education in India has expanded rapidly during the last fifty years. In spite of the built-in regulatory mechanisms that ensure satisfactory levels of quality in the functioning of higher education institutions, there have been criticisms that the country has permitted the mushrooming of institutions of higher education with fancy programme and substandard facilities and consequent dilution of standards.To address the issues of deterioration in quality, the National Policy on Education (1986) and the Plan of Action (POA-1992) that spelt out the strategic plans for the policies, advocated the establishment of an independent national accreditation body. Consequently, the NAAC was established in 1994 with its headquarters at Bangalore. Governance The NAAC functions through its General Council (GC) and Executive Committee (EC) where educational administrators, policy makers and senior academicians from a cross-section of the system of higher education are represented. The Chairperson of the UGC is the President of the GC of the NAAC, the Chairperson of the EC is an eminent academician...
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...Assessing for Improvement: College Semester Exams Assessment is the systematic collection, review, and use of information about Educational programs undertaken for the purpose of improving learning and Development (Palomba, & Banta, 1999). Assessment generally involves measurement, testing and evaluation the terms, which are mostly confused by many people. Test or Test Instrument is a systematic procedure for measuring a sample of an individual's behavior, such as multiple-choice, performance test, open book among others (Brown, 1971). Evaluation on the other hand is a systematic process for the collection and use of information from many sources to be applied in interpreting the results and in making value judgments and decisions (Wolansky, 1985). While measurement is the process employed to obtain a quantified representation of the degree to which a learner reflects a trait or behavior. This is one of the many scores that an individual may achieve on a test (Wolansky, 1985). In assessing any instrument or program one should not lose the sight of the fact that a test cannot be analyzed objectively on its quality, validity, reliability and objectivity without linking it to the whole educational curriculum or the instructional design. So generally, the discussion to follow is a sound and concrete flow of ideas to link the exam test features to the educational curriculum or the school instructional design and a clear demonstration of the...
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...LSRC reference Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning A systematic and critical review This report critically reviews the literature on learning styles and examines in detail 13 of the most influential models. The report concludes that it matters fundamentally which instrument is chosen. The implications for teaching and learning in post-16 learning are serious and should be of concern to learners, teachers and trainers, managers, researchers and inspectors. Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning A systematic and critical review LSRC reference Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning A systematic and critical review LSRC reference LSRC reference Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning A systematic and critical review Frank Coffield Institute of Education University of London David Moseley University of Newcastle Elaine Hall University of Newcastle Kathryn Ecclestone University of Exeter The Learning and Skills Research Centre is supported by the Learning and Skills Council and the Department for Education and Skills The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Learning and Skills Research Centre or the Learning and Skills Development Agency Published by the Learning and Skills Research Centre www.LSRC.ac.uk Feedback should be sent to: Sally Faraday Research Manager Learning and Skills Development Agency Regent Arcade House 19–25 Argyll Street London...
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...Assessment and classroom learning By Black, Paul, Wiliam, Dylan, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice Mar1998, Vol. 5, Issue 1 ABSTRACT This article is a review of the literature on classroom formative assessment. Several studies show firm evidence that innovations designed to strengthen the frequent feedback that students receive about their learning yield substantial learning gains. The perceptions of students and their role in self-assessment are considered alongside analysis of' the strategies used by teachers and the formative strategies incorporated in such systemic approaches as mastery learning. There follows a more detailed and theoretical analysis of the nature of feedback, which provides a basis for a discussion of the development of theoretical models for formative assessment and of the prospects for the improvement of practice. Introduction One of the outstanding features of studies of assessment in recent years has been the shift in the focus of attention, towards greater interest in the interactions between assessment and classroom learning and away from concentration on the properties of restricted forms of test which are only weakly linked to the learning experiences of" students. This shift has been coupled with many expressions of hope that improvement in classroom assessment will make a strong contribution to the improvement of learning. So one main purpose of this review is to survey the evidence which might show whether or...
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...Assessment and classroom learning By Black, Paul, Wiliam, Dylan, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice Mar1998, Vol. 5, Issue 1 ABSTRACT This article is a review of the literature on classroom formative assessment. Several studies show firm evidence that innovations designed to strengthen the frequent feedback that students receive about their learning yield substantial learning gains. The perceptions of students and their role in self-assessment are considered alongside analysis of' the strategies used by teachers and the formative strategies incorporated in such systemic approaches as mastery learning. There follows a more detailed and theoretical analysis of the nature of feedback, which provides a basis for a discussion of the development of theoretical models for formative assessment and of the prospects for the improvement of practice. Introduction One of the outstanding features of studies of assessment in recent years has been the shift in the focus of attention, towards greater interest in the interactions between assessment and classroom learning and away from concentration on the properties of restricted forms of test which are only weakly linked to the learning experiences of" students. This shift has been coupled with many expressions of hope that improvement in classroom assessment will make a strong contribution to the improvement of learning. So one main purpose of this review is to survey the evidence which might show whether or...
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...The theory of Realistic Mathematics Education as a theoretical framework for teaching low attainers in mathematics Barnes, Hayley E. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/4848 Date: 2005-06 ------------------------------------------------- Abstract: This article recounts the process embarked on and reasons for selecting the theory of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) as the theoretical framework in a study carried out with low attaining learners. In the study an intervention for low attaining grade 8 mathematics learners was implemented in an attempt to improve the understanding of the participants with regard to place value, fractions and decimals, and to identify characteristics of this type of intervention and potential design principles that could be applied in similar interventions. In this article, the theoretical framework for the intervention is discussed and theoretical (rather than empirical) reasons for selecting the theory of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) for use with low attainers are put forward. From a literature review that looked at the teaching and learning of mathematics to learners who fall into the category of performing below the required standard, five common aspects emerged. Once these aspects had been identified, a theory in mathematics education was sought that encompassed these five aspects. The theory of RME was subsequently selected as the theoretical framework to drive the design and implementation of the intervention and is being suggested...
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...Emerging role of Knowledge Management with special reference to educational sector Chitranshi Verma Research Scholar & Faculty in Centre of Management Studies, G.S.College of Commerce & Economics,Jabalpur(chitranshi.verma@gmail.com) Purpose of the study: To find the effective use of new concepts like knowledge management in the education sector. Research Methodology: The study on this topic would mainly be conducted through the available secondary data. Globalization has brought in new opportunities to developing countries. Greater access to developed country markets and technology transfer hold out promises for improved productivity & higher living standards. It is a very positive force that has lifted the developing countries. With its advent various new concepts have emerged, one of them is knowledge management. Introduction- Knowledge Management (KM) comprises a range of strategies and practices used in an organization to identify, create, represent, distribute, and enable adoption of insights and experiences. Such insights and experiences comprise knowledge, either embodied in individuals or embedded in organizational processes or practice. Knowledge management is the process of transforming information and intellectual...
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...Roberts, T. S., & McInnerney, J. M. (2007). Seven Problems of Online Group Learning (and Their Solutions). Educational Technology & Society, 10 (4), 257-268. Seven Problems of Online Group Learning (and Their Solutions) Tim S. Roberts and Joanne M. McInnerney Faculty of Business and Informatics, Central Queensland University, Australia // t.roberts@cqu.edu.au // cowlrick@optusnet.com.au ABSTRACT The benefits of online collaborative learning, sometimes referred to as CSCL (computer-supported collaborative learning) are compelling, but many instructors are loath to experiment with non-conventional methods of teaching and learning because of the perceived problems. This paper reviews the existing literature to present the seven most commonly reported such problems of online group learning, as identified by both researchers and practitioners, and offers practical solutions to each, in the hope that educators may be encouraged to “take the risk”. Keywords Online collaborative learning, CSCL, Group learning, Group work, Free riders Introduction The importance and relevance of social interaction to an effective learning process has been stressed by many theorists, from Vygotsky (1978), through advocates of situated learning such as Lave and Wenger (1991), and many other recent researchers and practitioners. Indeed, the academic, social, and psychological benefits of group learning in a face-to-face environment are well documented (see, for example, Johnson & Johnson, 1977...
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...Customized Learning Theory: Reflective-Constructivism Kylie-Anne Noreiga Liberty University EDUC 500: Advanced Educational Psychology Dr. Gary Smith October 8, 2014 Introduction An elementary school first grade classroom teacher has spent the last four months teaching his students concepts of basic addition and subtraction. Students continue to show progress in understanding of both addition and subtraction skills through direct instruction, guided practice, homework practice worksheets, and in-class assessments, both informal and formal. During in class station activities as an alternative to outdoor recess, Mr. Duncan pulls out several games/activities and a timer; students will rotate through game stations every 10 minutes to allow students to experience various stations. Two of the activity stations involve math games such as Monopoly Junior and Candy Land. As students delve into their activity stations, Mr. Duncan observers his students unknowingly performing algorithms, maybe without a true understanding of why they are doing so yet, but still – applying learned skills correctly to real-world activities. Later that same school year, students in Mrs. Robinson’s second grade class are reviewing the value of money. Zayne’s father gives him $1 for each chore completed during the week. Within a few weeks, Zayne earns and saves $30 dollars and decides to spend his money on a Snakeez, a portable cup with a lid that...
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...DCSF-RR051 Independent Learning Literature Review Bill Meyer, Naomi Haywood, Darshan Sachdev and Sally Faraday Learning and Skills Network Research Report No DCSF-RR051 Independent Learning Literature Review Bill Meyer, Naomi Haywood, Darshan Sachdev and Sally Faraday Learning and Skills Network The views expressed in this report are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department for Children, Schools and Families. © Learning and Skills Network 2008 ISBN 978 1 84775 239 0 Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Executive summary...............................................................................2 Introduction .........................................................................................10 Policy context ......................................................................................12 Methodology........................................................................................14 Defining independent learning.............................................................15 Key elements of independent learning ................................................21 Models of independent learning ..........................................................25 Skills required for independent learning ..............................................28 How teachers can promote independent learning ...............................32 How schools can promote independent learning.............................
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...------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Effects of Technology on Education By Anton Lebedev | Submitted On January 22, 2010 4 1 Education has changed significantly in the last twenty years. One of the main reasons education has undergone so many changes is because of technological development. In 1990, computers and other forms of technology served a minimal role in the classroom. Today, many if not most college students attend class with a laptop. I am writing about some of the biggest advantages technology gave to education. Technology has made research much easier. Before online Encyclopedias, Google Scholar, JSTOR, and other online research tools were available, students were forced to spend numerous hours in the library. With the new tools, students can conduct research faster in the comfort of their homes. With Google and other search engines, students can find relevant information faster and more efficiently. Also, there is no more need for intensive memorization as information is more readily available. New also technology allows for a faster, more efficient, and more interactive classroom experience. With Powerpoint presentations and projectors, there is no need for blackboards and whiteboards. With clickers, students can take quizzes during the classroom. These developments also help improve tutoring services. Online tutoring programs are becoming available. One-on-one in-home tutoring programs are also being aided these developments. Tutors...
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...preparation of mentors, this assignment will aim to look at mentorship in depth. A variety of aspects around mentorship will be discussed, the first being the emergence of mentorship. This will explore what emphasis was placed on learning prior to Project 2000, and then moving to present day and the different documents that were implemented and the benefit these had on the mentoring process. Several definitions of mentorship will be addressed due to the lack of consensus regarding this. As a result, a clear distinction will be made between the differences of clinical supervision, perceptorship and the mentoring process. This will lead onto the role of the mentor, focusing upon relationships and the different theoretical perspectives around the formation of these. Also being explored in this section will be characteristics needed by the mentor as well as their responsibilities. The following topic to be explored will be learning styles and the environment. A definition of learning will be offered leading onto the learning environment and audits that are in place to ensure placements are up to scratch. This is followed by a description of learning models, looking at research that displays deficits with these. Also being looked at are the individual learning styles and characteristics. The final topic will be assessment; the author will offer a definition of assessment. This will lead onto formative and summative assessment, looking at the advantages and disadvantages of both...
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...in feelings of not belonging or loss of identity, their culture, family, or friends. They may also feel they lack the ability to fully express themselves through their native language. As teachers we need to take extra time and effort to understand that these students originate from diverse backgrounds, and some ELL students will have the learning skills that will enable them to pick up the English language at a more rapid pace than others. The reason for this seldom coincides with the student’s intelligence or motivation levels. Instead, we need to consider all the various learning strategies that can potentially help shape ELLs in becoming more confident in learning and speaking English. Throughout this assignment, I will thoroughly identify the different strategies that are presented throughout the classroom scenario, explain whether or not they are effective, describe how instructional input and scaffolding are used to support ELLs, discuss current theories and research in ELL development, identify and describe a standard, identify and explain several standards-based interventions or activities, and describe how I used fundamental theories of ELL instruction that help support my overall thinking. After reading the scenario, I determined that group solutions, paired summarizing, implementing writing...
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