...Ancient woodland is defined as any woodland which has remained woodland for the last 400 years (since 1600) or more in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (1750 in Scotland). It can either be Ancient semi-natural woodland (ASNWs), plantation on ancient woodland site (PAWS), Restored Ancient Woodland Site (RAWS) or Ancient Woodland Site of unknown category (AWSU). ASNWs refer to ancient woodlands that retain a native tree and shrub cover that has not been planted, although it may have been coppiced or felled and allowed to regenerate naturally. PAWs are ancient woodlands where the original tree cover has been felled and replaced by planting, often with conifers , usually over the last century and are comprised of a canopy cover of more than 50% non-native conifer tree species. RAWs are ancient woodlands that will have gone through a phase when canopy cover will have been more than 50% non-native conifer tree species and now have a canopy cover of more than 50% broadleaf. AWSUs are woodlands which may be any of the above and are predominantly in transition where the existing tree cover is described as shrubs, young trees, felled or ground prepared for planting. Ancient woodlands are particularly important because they are typically exceptionally rich in wildlife including many rare species and habitat and act as reservoirs from which wildlife can spread into new woodland. They preserve the integrity of soil ecological processes and associated biodiversity. They are also an integral...
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...Visiting Mukuvisi Beautiful scenery and well cut paths make visiting Mukivisi Woodland a pleasure for the entire family. Learn more about what is available at the Woodland by also looking at our Events and FAQs page. Hope to see you soon! Opening hours are 8am to 5pm every day of the year. Admission - Weekends and Public Holidays * Pensioners over 65 years: free Adults: 4 USD Children 5 to 12 years old: 3 USD Children 0 to 4 years old: free Church groups: 10 people for the admission price of 8 Activities at the Woodland * Bird Park Entrance: * Adults: 1 USD Child 5-12 years: 0.50 USD * Horseback safaris: * Adults: 12 USD Child 5-12 years: 10 USD Child 0-4, riding with adult: 5 USD * Walking Safari with guide: * Adults and children: 6 USD per person. * Bird Walk with guide in Animal Reserve: * Adults and children: 20 USD per person. * Bike Ride or walk (without guide): * Adults and children: 5 USD per person. * Weekend Pony Ride: * children: 2 USD. * Conference and Functions: * Rondavel hire - individual party: 60 USD + entry fees per person Electricity: 5 USD Photographer for special functions: 20 USD * * Special bird walks: 20 USD per person for a three hour birding experience. 10 USD for each additional hour. * Braai stand hire: 3 USD Charcoal per bag: 7 USD Wood per bundle: 3 USD * Bush Camps for children: These are ideal for up to 30 Grade 7 children...
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...Chimpanzees One of the the four ape species that professor Stanford discusses in his book, Planet Without Apes, is the chimpanzee. Chimpanzees can be found throughout the continent of Africa; they are primarily located in rain forests, but can also be found inside open woodlands or areas where trees and brush are present. Chimpanzees live in fission-fusion societies, which means that there community breaks apart for some part of the day, before coming back together as a single whole group for the rest of the time. In the chimpanzee community, males are known to never leave the place in which they were born and raised; while females are known to emigrate during or right after puberty. One of the biggest problems concerning chimpanzees is deforestation. Deforestation kills chimpanzees and separates many others from their communities, leading to territorial conflicts. As it is known, chimpanzees are very territorial animals who often fight against neighboring communities for territory. Deforestation tears down the communities of chimpanzees which forces them to move out and find new homes. While looking for a new place to live, chimpanzees will often times fight because there will be other chimpanzees residing in the territory which they are trying to move into. The other issue with deforestation is it leads to problems with genetic flow. Female chimpanzees are supposed to emigrate from their communities during or after they hit puberty to breed. If deforestation is killing...
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...The Fynbos biome is the name given to the indigenous vegetation that puts the garden. Many plants that are popular worldwide today had their origins in the fynbos biome. Many fynbos species are typically confined to acidic nutrient-poor sandstone soils. Fynbos is the name given to a type of vegetation. It is a shrubby, hard-leaved, evergreen type of vegetation. Fynbos is characterized by the presence of reed-like plants. Fynbos makes up sixty seven percent of the fynbos biome. It is the vegetation that gives the Cape region most of it’s unique floristic characteristics. The Fynbos Biome is exquisite, but fragile. From rugged mountain slope and rolling sandy dunes to marshy plains, the fynbos biome is incredibly distinct. Fynbos biome is unique because it has adapted to extreme conditions. Fynbos has the ability to withstand. Although it contains by far the greatest number of species and has the highest levels of endemism. Fynbos biome includes three major vegetation formations largely confined to the nutrient-poor soils, it has the highest number of rare and endangered taxa. . The intervals between fires must allow the slowest growing plant to flower at least three successive seasons. The fynbos is located in the winter rainfall region. Fynbos growth take place during winter and spring. South Africa’s biomes covers only about 6.7% of South Africa but it has the larger number of plant species. Most fynbos are found along the coast and in the Cape Fold Mountains between Nieuwoutdville...
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...Cambridge University Press 0521817404 - Ancient Cahokia and the Mississippians - Timothy R. Pauketat Excerpt More information 1 Civilization in North America This wasn’t a chiefdom; it was a kingdom! Robert Carneiro1 “Civilization” is not a word typically associated with ancient North America. The cities, stone pyramids, and writing systems of the Old World, Mexico, or Peru are not generally thought to have existed in the pre-Columbian Mississippi valley. However, if we define a civilization as a kind of political culture or as a great tradition associated with popu- lated administrative centers and spread across some portion of a conti- nent, then it is clear that there was a pre-Columbian civilization in the Mississippi valley, or at least the early stages of one. Archaeologists often call it “Mississippian culture” and refer to the many peoples of the time simply as “Mississippians.” There were political and religious centers associated with the Mississip- pian civilization, the largest of which was Cahokia, along the middle por- tion of the Mississippi...
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...Temperate Deciduous Woodland Biome Deciduous tree: a tree that sheds its leaves in the autumn months, when water supply is limited. By losing its leaves, trees will prevent water loss through transpiration. Also they will have more energy to grow upwards, to reach the limited amounts of sunlight in the winter, instead of through photosynthesis. The leaves of deciduous trees are broad and thin so that there is a larger surface area for maximum photosynthesis in the summer when there are long days of sunlight.. Temperate deciduous woodland areas are located in the climatic climax of countries with temperate climates, for example the UK. In the UK the climate in the summer is between 15°C and 20°C, whereas in the winter temperatures rarely fall below 0°C. There is around 1000 to 1500mm of rainfall each year. An example of temperate deciduous woodland is Salcey Forest, UK. The climate of a temperate biome is between 15°C and 25°C in the summer but between 0°C and 5°C in the winter. There is rainfall all year round, with between 500 and 1500mm a year. This climate allows deciduous woodlands to develop as they shed their leaves in the winter when temperatures are lower, so they conserve their energy, allowing them to grow upwards rather than photosynthesise. Dynamic equilibrium: is when the diversity of species/vegetation is balanced with the abiotic factors of the environment, eg. climate and soil. An ecosystem is in dynamic equilibrium with its environment when it is in natural...
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...Analysis of “Woodland Shoes” | | Submitted to:Farhan FaruquiSenior Lecturer,Department of Business Administration,East West University, Dhaka.Submitted by: Name | ID | Arafat Rauf | 2009-2-10-345 | MKT 410Section: 1Summer: 2011Date of Submission:3rd August 2011 | | Table of content | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Introduction Origin of the report: This report is prepared with the respect to three month course of Consumer Behavior. We are assigned to prepare a term paper on “Consumer Behavior analysis of Woodland Shoes”, by our honorable course instructor Md Farhan Faruqui. Our task is to make a survey on Woodland Shoes, and complete a study that covers all the important aspect of Consumer Behavior. Objective of the study: Literature Review: This report has been prepared having a considerable number of objectives in front of us. Some of the objective can be mentioned as: * To apply our knowledge that we gathered from “Consumer Behavior” course, practically in preparing the term paper. * To provide an overview of “Woodland Shoes”. * To measure the possible business value of “Woodland Shoes” in Bangladesh. * To measure the feasibility of “Woodland Shoes” in Bangladesh. * To give some possible recommendations for “Woodland Shoes”. Scope of the study: This term paper is made on the basis of what people think about “Woodland Shoes”. For this we conducted a comprehensive survey on Woodland Shoe consumers...
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...Alternative locations I have found two possible potential alternative locations for the business. The properties are the only two which reach the majority of the criteria. The criteria are that the site must have direct access from the motorway, must be in an affluent area. Also the site must have at least 3000 sq ft of space the same as the current site, but preferable more, and must be within 15 minutes of the owner. Alternative location 1 This site meets all of these criteria except the latter; the site is 35 to 40 minutes from the current site unfortunately. The site is in Lytham, 314 Clifton Drive North, Lytham St. Annes, Lancashire, FY8, a very affluent high street area. The site has 6,000 sq. ft., double that of the current site. The increased storage space would also allow expansion of the online component sales. The site price £4,250 per calendar month, I assume this is substantially more than the current site as the owner expressed that the rent was cheaper than a normal high street premises usually is as it’s a first floor premises. Also the main disadvantage of being further for the owner, however there is also a distinct lack of high calibre competition in the area. Aternative location 2 The second site is a purely warehouse site, with 6000 sq ft for £10,500 per annuam It is located in North Blackpool with 8 Metropolitan Business Park, Preston New Road, Blackpool, FY3 9LT Good transport links and excellent loading facilities for suppliers The...
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...MEDITERRANEAN SCRUB Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome, as defined by the World Wildlife Federation, is known for dry summers and rainy winters. Summers are typically hot in low-lying inland locations but can be cool near colder seas and oceans. Winters are typically mild to cool in low-lying locations but can be cold in inland and higher locations. The Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome occurs in the world's five Mediterranean climate zones, on the west coast of continents in the mid-latitudes, the Mediterranean Basin, Chilean Mattoral, California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion of California and the Baja California Peninsula, Western Cape of South Africa, and last but not least the Southwest Australia corner area. These regions are home to a great amount diversity of habbitats and species. Vegetation types range from forests to woodlands, savannas, shrublands, and grasslands; landscapes are common, where differing vegetation types are interleaved with one another in complicated patterns created by modifications in soil, exposure to wind and sun, and fire history. Much of the woody vegetation in Mediterranean-climate regions is sclerophyll, which means 'hard-leaved' in Greek. Sclerophyll vegetation generally has small, dark leaves covered with a waxy outer skin to retain moisture in the dry summer months. All these ecoregions are extremely distinctive, harboring 10% of the Earth's plant species. This is equivalent to about 40% of...
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...California (Map #1). California itself has five major biomes, some of which can be found at RSABG. Four of them are in the California floristic province and the fifth is in both the Great Basin and the Sonoran floristic province. Each of which contains many different types of communities in them. The California floristic province has the coniferous forest biome, the oak woodland biome, the grassland and marshland biome, and the chaparral and coastal sage scrub biome. The Great Basin and Sonoran floristic province has the desert scrublands and woodlands biome. All of the five biomes (Map #2) in California have different climates. The Coniferous forest is highland with a cool or warm Mediterranean, while the Oak woodlands is semi-arid, but also has a cool or warm Mediterranean. The Chaparral and coastal sage biome is very similar to the Grasslands and marshland biome in that they both semi-arid, but the chaparral also has a warm Mediterranean. The Desert scrublands and woodlands depending on which province it is found in are either semi-arid or arid. The fan palm oasis (Picture #2) is found within the desert woodlands portion of the desert...
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...heather moorland. It must be noted that much of the present vegetation in the UK is a plagioclimax as a result of clearance. Heather moorland provides a choice example of a plagioclimax in the UK. The areas where heather moorland is most prominent are the North York Moors, the Pennines and Eastern Scotland. Much of the land where Heather moorland now exists was once covered by deciduous woodland, the UK’s climatic climax, yet humans have had a critical impact on the way in which heather moorland has manifested itself in these areas. One must acknowledge that heather had featured in these areas prior to the suspension of succession. Humans removed deciduous woodland in these areas to make way for farmland as a result of the need to increase food production. By chopping down vast swathes of deciduous woodland, the soil in these areas began to deteriorate without the much needed nutrients associated with the deciduous woodland biome. Heather and other hardier plants such as Bracken, Grasses and Scrub Woodland began to dominate upland areas which had been impacted by humans felling the deciduous woodland in the area. With these upland areas being used for sheep grazing and other forms of farming, young Oak and Ash trees were unable to establish themselves in the poor soil and were otherwise eaten by farm animals, therefore preventing the regeneration of the climax deciduous...
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...Footprint Trap: A Measure of Abundance, Species Richness, and ANOVA Between Mammal Species in Townhouses and Woodland Areas at Saint Michael’s College Dana DiPinto Community Ecology 10-30-12 Lab Abstract In this experiment we hypothesized that the woodland area would have a higher abundance and species richness than the townhouses at Saint Michael’s College due to effects of human interaction. Our testing sites were the woodland area across the street from Saint Michael’s College and the townhouses on the campus. Baited footprint tracking stations were used to record mammal footprints and were collected and replaced daily for two weeks. When the observation period ended all footprints were identified and analyzed. The mammal diversity was measure through abundance, species richness, and a one-way ANOVA test for analysis of variance. After analyzing all data we concluded that there was in fact a higher abundance and species diversity at the woodland site. Also our p-value showed a significant difference in variance at both sites. Our hypothesis that the woodland site would have a higher abundance and species richness was supported by this experiment and the main factor was human interaction...
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...heather moorland. It must be noted that much of the present vegetation in the UK is a plagioclimax as a result of clearance. Heather moorland provides a choice example of a plagioclimax in the UK. The areas where heather moorland is most prominent are the North York Moors, the Pennines and Eastern Scotland. Much of the land where Heather moorland now exists was once covered by deciduous woodland, the UK’s climatic climax, yet humans have had a critical impact on the way in which heather moorland has manifested itself in these areas. One must acknowledge that heather had featured in these areas prior to the suspension of succession. Humans removed deciduous woodland in these areas to make way for farmland as a result of the need to increase food production. By chopping down vast swathes of deciduous woodland, the soil in these areas began to deteriorate without the much needed nutrients associated with the deciduous woodland biome. Heather and other hardier plants such as Bracken, Grasses and Scrub Woodland began to dominate upland areas which had been impacted by humans felling the deciduous woodland in the area. With these upland areas being used for sheep grazing and other forms of farming, young Oak and Ash trees were unable to establish themselves in the poor soil and were otherwise eaten by farm animals, therefore...
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...still had 30,000 to 50,000 in both North Carolina and Southern Illinois (Shawnee). Because the Shawnee Indians were forced out of Ohio and moved to Southern Illinois and they received a National Forest named after their historical tribe that lived only three and a half hours away from St. Louis (Shawnee). Wildlife In the Shawnee (Animals) Woodland Animals The Woodland area in the Shawnee is at an all time high in animal population (Newman 83). The highest populated mammal is the Whitetail Deer (Newman 83). You can't go anywhere in the Woodland area and not see a Whitetail Deer roaming around the land. Some other animals that live in the Woodland area are the Redtail Hawk, Great Horned Owl, and the Cottontail Rabbit (Newman 85). Of course there are also a lot of others but they are not as populated as the four listed. Most of the animals in the Woodland area eat wild berries and leaves and other animals to survive (Newman 89). The Redtail Hawk and the Great Horned Owl both eat off of other animals like the Cottontail Rabbit, Mice, and small birds, while the Whitetail Deer and the Cottontail Rabbit eat wild berries that are spread around the woodlands (Newman 90). Grassland Animals The Grassland area does not take up much of the land in the Shawnee Forest but still has the second most amount of animals today (Newman 46). Some animals that live in the Grassland area of the Shawnee Forest are the Coyote and the Bobwhite Quail. They are the two biggest animals in the grassland, but there...
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...Week 2 Forums Question --How were eastern woodland Indian societies organized and governed? Self governing tribes called clans. Clan elders and village chiefs enforced customs but lacked spiritual authority. Eastern woodlands people did not believe in ownership of land. Some eastern woodlands people used their women to do the farming. Woodland Indians used the resources of their environment intelligently. The entire population was involved in gathering, growing, and hunting for food, although work was generally divided along gender lines. Men were hunters, fishers, warriors, and toolmakers, while women managed the household, made mats, pots, baskets and clothing, and preserved hides. Women were also the botanists and farmers. In between and around the rest of their duties, they raised the children. Just as in our society today, most Woodland Indian women were working mothers. Generally speaking, men and women in Eastern Woodland Indian society did not spend much of the day together, men did not expect to control women, and both genders were respected for the contributions they made to the sustenance of the entire community. What was the Treaty of Tordisillas and what does this have to do with the Pope? Treaty of Tordesillas , 1494, agreement signed at Tordesillas, Spain, by which Spain and Portugal divided the non-Christian world into two zones of influence. In principle the treaty followed the papal bull issued in 1493 by Pope Alexander VI, which fixed the demarcation...
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