...ntroduction: The Renaissance developed humanism that brought the beauty and intelligence of an individual, which was implemented into arts, science, literature, and medicine. The Renaissance was a time in European history where extensive changes occurred. The word Renaissance is defined as "rebirth" or "revival" of the Dark Ages. It began around 1350 and persisted until 1700. The Renaissance changed the humankind view of the world by using science and reason, individualism, and embracing life. Paragraph 1: The Renaissance alternated people’s views on the human body and the universe. People back then were acclimated to living on religion, the churches ideas, and God. Nicolaus Copernicus, a polish astronomer established a theory of the universe "Relying mostly on mathematics and observation, he developed a different understanding of the universe.” Copernicus adopted new ideas and changed the view of his thinking from the Churches ideas to more logical reasons. For example, The Geocentric Universe of Ptolemy stated that the outer sphere is "The Empire of Heaven and the Home of God" meaning...
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...Europe and the Western world was under the control of the Church. The religious aspects of medieval European peoples were a great consideration in the matters of the body and health care. The majority of medical knowledge and research was under the influence and followed the expressed ideas of the Church. As the hold of the Church on society began to disintegrate, medicine was able to move from medieval practices influenced by religious belief into modern medicine, based upon observation and evidence. Causes of disease and illness were now understood and scientists were able to start searching for cures because restrictions that prevented modern medical theories from being discovered were lifted. Paracelsus discovered that agents outside the body caused illness. The study of the human anatomy was now practiced and became an essential part of medical knowledge, giving way towards new modern advancements such as blood transfusions and surgeries. Da Vinci conducted many autopsies and constructed detailed drawings of the human anatomy, which had never been studied earlier. Medical knowledge was no longer different and divided into sects but was now centralized under the modern scientific teachings taught to doctors in universities everywhere. As the culture of the Middle Ages moved away from the Church and religion so did scientific knowledge, and without this change medicine would never have been able to shift from the ideas following religious belief into observation and experimentation...
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...decline in art, learning, advancements, and much more. The Renaissance was a period in Europe that brought about many changes to Europe. It lasted from around 1300 until 1600. The French word “renaissance” translates to “rebirth” or “revival” in English. During the Middle Ages, people were focused on religion and going to heaven in the afterlife. Life on Earth was full of suffering and sadness, and people believed anything that the Church said, even without the evidence. However, the late Middle Ages caused new attitudes and ways of thinking to spread across Europe. People regained interest in Greek and Roman art. The focus of art was no longer religion, and it displayed the beauty of man....
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...Pure Logic vs. Scientific Logic “Reasoning is an art, and reasoning about the natural world is the art that lies at the base of science” (Castel and Sismondo 55). Pure logic is “a form of reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity” (Oxford Dictionaries). In contrast, scientific logic is a form of reasoning in which a logical thought process is used to conduct experiments and research in order to reach a valid conclusion. Altogether, pure and scientific logic are different forms of reasoning used to solve everyday problems in life; yet, it is ‘scientific logic’ that is more prevalent in solving everyday problems, including critical interpretations of major problems on earth. Scientific logic is the best choice to cope with life problems in the midst of global issues; it helps facilitate our logical expertise in daily matters; it is both predictable and reliable; and on a greater scale, scientific logic helps us deal with the widespread problems on earth. With the growth of science and new emerging technologies, life is becoming more complicated, therefore relying purely on logic is insufficient. “Most of the time very little follows logically from what we know, and when we think that it does we learn that most of our knowledge consists of generalizations that don’t hold 100 percent of the time” (Castel and Sismondo 71). People live in a world of probability and because “scientific reasoning develops over time,” (Castel and Sismondo 74) they...
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...Art History through the 15th Century Introduction Art is an interesting aspect of life that a society cannot afford to lose. Art has been practiced for many years and is still under practice because of its rich heritage and many other importance’s that cannot be overruled. The collection and perseveration of pieces of art is a noble undertaking and those that have been given the responsibility of ensuring that a piece of art has to be preserved should not hesitate in doing that. The history of art will not be complete without mentioning the names and artistic work of characters such as Donatello in the medieval period and Carlo Crivelli of the Gothic period. The two artists have many pieces of arts among them the “Mary Magdalene’’ and “Crucifixion’’ respectively. The preservation of pieces of arts is of much importance, pieces can be analyzed descriptively while at the same time it is important to appreciate that social, political and religious beliefs influence the design, the function, the purpose and the symbolic message in a piece of art. This essay will describe the two pieces of art and also explain the cultural significance of art. Medieval Period Art: Donatello’s Art-Mary Magdalene Many pieces of arts were produced by several artists during this period. The pieces of arts were rich in content and beauty. Donatello is among the famous artists of this period that came up with a number of pieces of art that are still currently discussed and analyzed hence the importance...
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...able, we have used philosophy, literature, religion, art, music, history and language to understand and record our world. These modes of expression have become some of the subjects that traditionally fall under the humanities umbrella. Knowledge of these records of human experience gives us the opportunity to feel a sense of connection to those who have come before us, as well as to our contemporaries. Humanities influence daily life deprived of several people being conscious of their attendance. What differentiates humanities from other styles of human review and appearance is that they emphasize on philosophies and standards, not only the creation or consequence of an act. It seems as if society has become entirely dependent on visible consumption and leisure and is being denied of how we truly evolved into the existence of today. The lessons that we learn throughout our lives are taught so that we can learn about the creation of humanity. Cultures throughout the world have been molded by historical events. Art offers our culture with a unique image that is custom-made towards our feelings, thoughts, ideas, and freedom of expression. Modern museums were the first place for revealing such works of art, but now there is a constant effort to try to compete with the vast production of computers and the internet. Without human inquiry and expression, there would not be what is known as a society today or a sense of humanity in the world. A society evolves over time. Someone had...
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...ACCRA, NOVEMBER, 2011 Table of content pages Introduction 1 1. Philosophy of history 1 2. Philosophy of religion 4 3. Logic 6 4. Ethics 8 5. Cosmology 10 6. Philosophy of mind 12 7. Metaphysics 14 8. Philosophy of beauty 16 9. Philosophy of language 18 10. Philosophy of science 20 11. Epistemology 21 Conclusion 23 Bibliography 24 Introduction Philosophy is the pursuit of wisdom. Philosophy at this contemporary world has gone through a lot of changes before getting to this stage. It can be seen in the historical perspective and also the topical perspective. The historical or chronological is when we look at the ideas of some philosophers in the past how they influence society with their way of thinking and the motive behind them. In these chronological system is the ancient era, the medieval era, the modern era and presently the contemporary era. In the beginning all systematic search for knowledge was philosophy. This is clearly seen in the modern university where the highest degree granted in all of the science and humanities is the Ph. D. the doctor of philosophy. But the children began to leave home. The first to leave was physics and astronomy. As they begun to develop experimental techniques of their own. This exodus, led by Galileo and Isaac Newton and Johannes...
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...The Religion of Man Doyle W. Upchurch World Civilizations HIS 103 Jay Keever October 31, 2012 The Religion of Man Throughout time there have been different types of religions. There have been conflicts, battles and even wars, between families, clans and nations over religion. Religion has had a hand in changing the face of this world for millions of years and a hand in the development of nations. Religion has been and still is one of the most controversial subjects known to man. Paleolithic cave art was closely linked to the ‘conceptual discovery’ of the symbolic and religious world of primitive peoples. This denied any hint of symbolic and intellectual complexity among hunter-gatherers, made it impossible to fit such art within a ‘savage’ society. It was only when this idea of progress became more flexible, in parallel with the discovery and more precise definition of the symbolic–religious world of primitive people, that the prehistoric chronology of the parietal depictions could be accepted. (Eduardo Palacio-Perez, 2010) Prehistorians defined the decorated objects, as crafts, a ‘lesser art’ aimed at decoration, characteristic of traditional and primitive societies, in contrast with the ‘fine arts’ associated with the expression of the aesthetic ideals of civilized mankind. Clearly, with such a restricted conception of Paleolithic art, there was no room for the parietal depictions. However, does the key for the recognition of the age of cave art lie in the discovery...
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...replicated beyond the shores of the country, bringing Malaysian Art to Karachi, Pakistan. A show that demarcates the objectives of Wei-Ling Gallery to promote contemporary Malaysian Art, previous instalments provided a platform to two dimensional art works that vetted specific matters. The artists strived to create dialectic works with characteristic impulses. In concurrence with the 5th instalment of the 18@8 exhibition, the gallery posed a new challenge to the participating artists and itself. A turning point for Wei-Ling Gallery is its initiative to orchestrate and curate shows based on its own direction, heartening the artists to widen their tangential perspectives with conceptualized shows. As the gallery is taking the road less travelled in more experimental and cutting edge shows, so do the artists. This vehicle (18@8) presents the artists with an avenue to work beyond the boundaries of individualistic concerns, transgressing beyond the norm of what we expect. With an exploratory ardour, Wei-Ling Gallery conceptualized and challenged the artists to partake in thematic investigations that result in art works that move beyond the constraints of the canvas. The encouragement to deviate from the propensity of the artists in conventional formats ostensibly creates invigorating impulses to re-think and re-shape their artistic practices to fulfil the prerequisites of the show. It is indeed deranging for many a local art aficionado to ponder and envision the shift of artistic...
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...Communication of the Paleolithic age and the modern parallels. Introduction The history of communication dates back to prehistory, with significant changes in communication technologies (media and appropriate inscription tools) evolving in tandem with shifts in political and economic systems, and by extension, systems of power. Communication can range from very subtle processes of exchange, to full conversations and mass communication. Human communication was revolutionized with speech approximately 100,000 years ago. Symbols were developed about 30,000 years ago, and writing about 5000 years ago. Rock Art is a general term for all forms of humanly fashioned marks on lithic surfaces. The term is a general category that includes at least two distinctive types of art known as petroglyphs and pictographs. Petroglyphs verses Pictographs Petroglyphs This type of rock art is the formation of images usually found from the Neolithic period, by people who incised or carved the rock surface. Often, these images were important forms of pre-symbol writing and were used in the earliest forms of communication and signage. The two Greek words ‘petros’ and ‘glyphein’ which respectively mean ‘rock’ and ‘carve’ were first combined into the French language to form the single word petroglyphe. Pictographs A pictograph, or sometimes called a pictogramme, is an image that represents an object, activity, concept, event or a place or person by use of illustration. In contrast to petroglyphs...
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...Chapter 2 Understanding Culture Introduction Culture is important because it is everything and everywhere. In a very real sense, your culture is part of who you are. What makes culture so unique is that you share culture with other people. Culture is a group worldview, the way of organizing the world that a particular society has created over time. Nolan This framework or web of meaning allows the members of that society to make sense of them-selves, their world, and their experiences in that world. You do not arrive in this world knowing how to dress, what to eat, what to strive for, or how to spend your money and your time. In modern society different people communicate in different ways, as do people in different societies around the world, and the way people communicate is the way they live. It is their culture. When the elements of communication differ or change, the elements of culture differ or change. Communication and culture are inseparable. According to Hanson, Behaviour is governed by many factors, socioeconomic status, sex, age, education etc, each of which will have an impact on cultural practices as well. Individuals may differ by the degree to which they choose to adhere to a set of cultural patterns. Some individuals identify strongly with a particular group; others combine practices from several groups. In this chapter, we (1) explain why cultures develop, (2) highlight the essential features of culture...
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...replicated beyond the shores of the country, bringing Malaysian Art to Karachi, Pakistan. A show that demarcates the objectives of Wei-Ling Gallery to promote contemporary Malaysian Art, previous instalments provided a platform to two dimensional art works that vetted specific matters. The artists strived to create dialectic works with characteristic impulses. In concurrence with the 5th instalment of the 18@8 exhibition, the gallery posed a new challenge to the participating artists and itself. A turning point for Wei-Ling Gallery is its initiative to orchestrate and curate shows based on its own direction, heartening the artists to widen their tangential perspectives with conceptualized shows. As the gallery is taking the road less travelled in more experimental and cutting edge shows, so do the artists. This vehicle (18@8) presents the artists with an avenue to work beyond the boundaries of individualistic concerns, transgressing beyond the norm of what we expect. With an exploratory ardour, Wei-Ling Gallery conceptualized and challenged the artists to partake in thematic investigations that result in art works that move beyond the constraints of the canvas. The encouragement to deviate from the propensity of the artists in conventional formats ostensibly creates invigorating impulses to re-think and re-shape their artistic practices to fulfil the prerequisites of the show. It is indeed deranging for many a local art aficionado to ponder and envision the shift of...
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...began to write his first autobiography about Ibo religion. Equiano elaborates on how Christianity connected with the African descent and its culture, also he described the similarities between the Jews and the African from circumcision to offerings, from purifications to washings, and from believing in one Creator to live after death. The African American family was cherished within the African American community due to their history of slavery, the family had bonded in a strong culture. These origins have these families tested family bonds throughout African American history, changing the family makeup by causing these families to become more Americanized and less Africanized following slavery abolishment. Family reunions and events are highly cherished to help maintain the African American culture. Elderly of African American families are celebrated, as they are passing on the African American legacy in this country. The elders provided great perception and common sense into the family and cultural history, also giving good guidance to the younger member into their families. The popularity of family reunions has grown over the past several years. After the civil rights movement, several aspects of the society started to become approachable to African American and...
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...In this world, there are more than 4,000 religions. Approximately thirty-one percent of the world are christians. Twenty-three percent are muslims. Many more come behind them, but which ones affect society negatively? Which ones affect society positively? Religions are only as good as the people who practice it. Many people may state that a certain amount of religions affect society positively; however, others might state that they affect society negatively. Around the seventeenth century, Science arose and the scientific revolution came with it. The Law of Planetary Motion by Kepler, Galileo’s telescope observations, and all of the experiments with gases by Robert Boyle, are all scientific occurrences that have happened in the seventeenth...
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...Since almost the beginning of civilized time art has been a way to express emotions and some have even used art to let go of feelings. There are countless different types of art: music, sculpture, painting, ballet, literature, and others. Every person has a different, defined style of fine art. America has a very distinguished type of literature greatly influenced by the wars of America’s past from the very beginning as colonies to post Cold War United States. Nineteenth and twentieth century America was greatly influenced by the Civil War. There was a great suffrage movement happening at the same time, the Civil War and Reconstruction Era. One type of art used to express feelings is poetry. Emily Dickinson stands out as a poet of the Civil War and Reconstruction Era because her poetry communicated her...
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