...developing new technology. The Germans brought poison gas, and hydrogen-filled airships. The British developed the tank. Both sides developed their own submarines. At the end of the war the Treaty of Versailles was signed which dealt with the rise of Russia as an alternative regime, the need to control Germany, and the search for the kind of settlement which would prevent another war. WW2 was a result of the failure of the treaty of Versailles. Germany was forced to limit its army to 100,000 men, pay for the entire costs of WW1, and give up its overseas colonies. Germany felt this was unfair. Japan and Italy were also major aggressors into the start of WW2. The losses from WW2 were many times greater than the first one. “In short, 1914 opens the age of massacre” (Hobsawm p. 24) Chapter 3 – Into the Economic Abyss Each state trying to protect their economies from the outside, globalization stopped inter-war (Hobsbawm p. 88). The world’s largest economy was becoming virtually self-sufficient. Rising production costs as a result of strengthened power of labor and its unions caused the post-war boom to collapse. Many people became unemployed. The world monetary system collapsed. “Private savings disappeared totally, thus creating an almost complete vacuum of working capital for...
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...train * Took case to SC- judges- seg lawful if had access to equally good * Provided legal foundation for seg Conditions in N: little legally enforced seg * Bs moved to industrial cities- economic boom- pay better- 500,000 moved * Better organised: Randolph organised 1st B union- easier for B to vote * Still lived in undesirable neighborhoods- eco depriv and ghettoisation Effects of WW2 on BAM : turning point B soldier in Europe: * Radicalized them- appalled fighting for country- treated liked 2nd class citizens * Put in diff canteens, transported to battlefield sep from W- employed as cooks and cleaners- denied right to fight- less training + poor equip World war race war: double V sign- fighting overseas and racism at home Black heroes: boosted self esteem- Woodrow Crocket- 1st B pilot in US air force Eco changes: * S- $4.5 bill factories war goods * B unable to get jobs due to racism- Randolph appalled- threat to lead march unless industries changed * Roosevelt issued exec order- FEPC- industries not discrim when hiring * N industry boomed- migration- changes allowed BA play role in war effort * End of war- 48% of B pop urban and better paid * Randolph put pressure on gov- polis act in favour of racial equality Diff following WW2: N V S Politics: S: * Pre war- 2%B vote- 1945- 15% * Efforts of B campaigners and ex soldiers greeted with hostility by W racists- inc in...
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...countries who accepted the financial aid would have to open up there economy to American capitalist interests. On the other hand the Soviets were looking to expand Soviet territory and create a sphere of influence, whether this was to create a buffer zone for the USSR or to spread communism, it developed the Cold War as America felt threatened. Many historians have differing views on the matter which is evident in sources 7, 8 and 9, all of which feature modern historians posing some very different arguments. Some historians, as stated in the question believe that the expansion of the Cold War within 1945-48 was due to Soviet Expansionism whereas others believed it was because of USA’s economic interests. Either way, it seems most likely that both were attributed to each other however it was the USA’s economic interests what was the most key factor as the policies introduced directly opposed communism therefore causing conflict. Nonetheless, Soviet Expansion also played a decisive factor in the development of the Cold War from 1945-1948. Source 7 from Robert Wolfson’s Years of change: European History 1890-1997 highlights much...
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...brit“No government was able to stem Britain’s economic decline from 1951-1990” Introduction: Whilst there is a blatant division of interpretations of Britain’s economic performances from 1951 to 1990, of those claiming that Britain suffered gradual and miserable decline until the heroine and saviour Mrs Thatcher came to the helm, or of those arguing that a genuine post-war boom existed throughout a large proportion of the era and Thatcher meddled unnecessarily and indeed harmfully, it is more accurate to take a balanced and differential approach. There is clear evidence of British economic decline from 1951-1990, but to claim that it was utter decline is really a pessimistic front. Reasons to disagree: - Period from 1951 to 1973 saw an “age of affluence”, with a genuine post-war boom; Britain’s economy grew around 40% during 1951 to 1964 - Living standards rose steadily until 1973, with low unemployment rates; with a wider sense that Britain was becoming more prosperous and equal. Harold Macmillan captured this in 1957, when he declared that “Britain had never had it so good”; it also highlighted increased consumerism due to greater accessibility to consumer goods throughout the era - Arguments of “relative decline” are unfair and misleading; nations such as Japan and Germany were utterly destroyed after WW2, so it only makes sense for their nations to advance rapidly as they could start from scratch - Arguments of a lack of policy and initiative are misleading. Macmillan...
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...Stem Research Paper Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is impacting our nation’s potential in national defense, economic strength, and other societal needs, according to John F. Sargent Jr., a specialist in Science and Technology Policy(1). In 2005, three prominent reports, entitled Innovate America, Tapping America’s Potential, and Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future, were released which discussed the controversy whether United States of America is falling behind other countries in STEM. The three reports consider wide perspectives of issues concerning STEM from competitiveness to the workforce in the United States. According to Innovate America, all issues...
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...shows that war work was merely an extension of women’s traditional roles as wives and mothers, reflected in a poll in 1945, which stated that only 18% of the respondent’s approved of married women working. Furthermore, traditional views towards women, led to government resistance in providing Federal funding for childcare centres. While many women happily left their jobs, some were left dissatisfied, and didn’t relish losing their income and independence. The war had given women a sense of their potential. However the war had also widened women’s world views and challenged sexist notions, they wanted to be wives and mothers, but also wanted a more significant role, outside of the home. The late 1940s post-WW2 boom was an era characterized by unprecedented economic growth, a baby boom, and a move to the suburbs— encouraging companionate marriages. This life was clearly illustrated by the media of the time. This was all disregarded by Betty Friedan’s, The Feminine Mystique, in which she objected the mainstream image of women, stating that confining women to the home limited their possibilities wasting their talent and potential; he perfect nuclear family image strongly marketed at the time, she wrote, did not reflect happiness and was degrading for women. ...
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...together and fighting off big fat rats that would try to steal food. The bed bunks would be close together so the leaders can closely look over the men. Most of the Soldiers did not know how to talk or write therefore they had to learn with the help of Kantorek on top of fighting in this war. They were taught during training the ideas of patriotism, nationalism. During the war the men were living in a brutal life on the front run by Corporal Himmelstoss, he required the men to put up fencing which is a very dangerous task for the reason that there could be a bombing at any time. “There’ll be a bombardment, I tell you. I can feel it in my bones”. “Three guns open fire close behind us. The burst of flame shoots across the fog, the gun roar and boom” Kat explains. (Remarque53). This quote explains the mixed emotions running through their body’s right before the war began. As there is a pause in the battle, men would write letters, or poems. Paul would be accepted to travel home due to his mother having cancer; this took a toll on him throughout the novel. While reading this book the details put in perspective what the soldiers had to go through for a long period of time. Thinking about the tragic ways that these men died daily due to the conditions and the toughness of the battle is uneasy. The conditions the men had to encounter was battling in muddy trenches daily, having to breathe in the chemical gasses. It makes you think about how everyone that is a part of the army, navy or...
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...1st off, tell your teacher the President has nothing to do with interest rates. The Fed (Federal Reserve or Central Bank) controls that. The Fed would LOWER interest. If that fails, they would increase the money supply http://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quan... The President MAY, on advice, ask Congress to INCREASE spending, using the money the Fed has bought Treasury securities with, to stimulate the economy. You NEVER ever raise taxes during a recession. ------------- If he wants not to lose his job by turning USA into a non-market, Government controlled economy, he should allow the Federal Reserve Board to deal with interest rates: whether or not the Fed succeeds in increasing employment by reducing interest rates is not the President's concern. 2. President's focus should be on how by the Government's legitimate actions, the spending power of the households and businesses can be increased. It seems that he has no choice but to continue the stimulus spending for another year. But that alone may not help sustain fall in unemployment rate. He must reduce taxes at the lower levels of income drastically and reduce the corporate tax rates for the next two years so that their effective disposal income increases and they buy more locally produced goods and invest in capacity to produce more. Of course, reducing taxes would mean, the Government will have a larger deficit and high deficit can cause problem of inflation later besides making it costlier for private firms...
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...starts even from the 19th century, when Russian Empire annexed the areas of the North Caucasus by force. We can somehow call it "COLONIZATION ". - Then during the WW2 Chechen and Ingush units were accused for collaboration with German Nazi, and as a result Stalin deported more than half a million of people to Siberia and Kazakhstan in 1944. - Chechen conflict as a struggle for independence started in the 1980s with the beginning of "perestroika". On 6th September in 1991 there was a revolution in Chechnya and Dudaev captured the power. With the help of fake elections he became a president and claimed about Chechen's independence. From 1991 to 1994, thousands of people of non-Chechen ethnicity left the republic amidst reports of violence and discrimination against the non-Chechen population. Situation there became very unstable and even dangerous. When Russia invaded Chechnya, a bloody war ensued. Intending to crash separatist forces, this was Yeltsin’s first major confrontation. However, the supposed awesome Russian military strength inherited from the Soviet Union, turned into a disaster. Grozny was devastated. About 80 000 people died, mostly Chechen civilians, and in 1996, Russia withdrew defeated. Dudaev was killed in 1995. - In mid-November 1996, Yeltsin and Maskhadov sighned an agreement on economic relations and reparations to Chechens who had been „affected“ by the war. On 12 of may in 1997 Maskhadov and Yeltsin signed a formal treaty „on peace and the principles...
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...Celebrity Marketing In the Cold War Christopher Sigler History 328 Dr. Reaves March 11, 2014 Post World War II America was a period of massive economic growth in America. Despite a brief economic recession from 1946 to 1947, the years following World War II saw the United States become the world super power that it is today. From 1940 to 1950 the American Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased 50% from $200,000 million to $300,000 million1 and by 1955 sixty percent of Americans identified as middle-class2. The exponential economic growth and social class shift during this period created several important changes to American culture. Many American families now possessed excess money; Money that was spent on single-family homes, entertainment, appliances, and cars, items that the general public could not afford before this period. The result of the influx of money not only changed the American family forever, but the marketing strategies used by companies as well. As Americans began to place a heavier value on entertainment, movie stars, actors, and other celebrities began to have a prominent influence on society. Post war-prosperity and the economic boom during the early cold war began the American, and eventually global culture of celebrity marketing. To understand the United States rise to a world superpower one must look at the aftermath of the widespread war of World War II. World War II was a global war that involved thirty nations and claimed the lives of...
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...Ever since the birth of man, tyranny has existed in some way, and so has mans desire to be free from it. Our forefathers in this country fought and died and risked everything they had in this world just to create a place where we could truly, at least for a time, be free of tyranny. They repelled the greatest empire the world had ever known based on their belief that if they could be free they could change the world for the better. We created more wealth, more art, more innovation, more technology than any other nation in history with our freedom. Our freedoms were protected by a document called the Constitution, a document that provided a very specific rules that the federal government could not violate. In recent years however the constitution has been being worked around, and most recently almost entirely ignored. We are in an out of control financial crisis., and out government is working as hard as it can to find ways to violate our basic fundamental freedoms so it can have more control. We are in so many countries with our army that it’s getting hard to count. We are becoming the very empire we fought so hard to escape. If only we would follow our constitution more closely, we wouldn’t be in this mess. The Constitution ensures that the government has a very limited and specific duty: To provide for the common defense of the nation as a whole, and to provide mechanisms to allow trade between the states, and to other countries. The state governments were given powers above...
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...and control the monetary system within the United States. While the Fed has been in existence in the United States it has not been without critics and proponents. Recently the critics have grown in number thanks to the TARP program in 2008 that provided bailout money to companies deemed too big to fail. While this policy is just many in the long history of the Fed, it has brought much attention to this entity that although sanctioned by the government, actually operates independently with exception to bi-annual reports to Congress. Although the Fed has faced many calls of audits and/or accountability, it has done well in the handling of the nation’s monetary policy through a Great Depression, two World Wars, and countless business cycles of boom and bust. Although the system, while not perfect, is a necessity to maintain the functionality of both our nation’s business, both foreign and domestic, and our monetary policy. History of Fed On 23 December 1913, the Owen-Glass Act founded the Federal Reserve System—the central bank of the United States. "The Fed," is unique in that it is not one bank but, rather, twelve regional banks coordinated...
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...but it showed how much more powerful a nation like the U.S could be with these weapons. Since the end of WW2, no two first world countries have gone to war against each other due to the threat of these weapons. After the Second World War, the United States and the Soviet Union enters a nuclear arms race against each other. This period is known as the Cold War. The Cold War began in 1946 and lasts till 1991. The Cold War brought in new tension to the world with the threat of a nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both superpowers engage in multiple contests against each other throughout this period including military brinkmanship and proxy wars in smaller counties to spread their ideology of capitalism and communism. Major events of the cold war include the Iron Curtain, which separates Europe into an ideological division, the Korean War in the early 1950s and Vietnam War from 1953 to 1975. The peak of the Cold War happens in 1962 when the Soviets places nuclear missiles on Cuba. This event was the closest the two superpowers came to having a nuclear war. This was the “watershed of the Soviets determination to achieve nuclear parity with the United States.” During the peak of the cold war, the United States had as much as 31 000 nuclear warheads while the Soviet Union built 40 000 nuclear warheads. By 1991, the Soviet Union collapses due to economic struggles. The collapse marks the end of the Cold War with the United States remaining as the sole superpower...
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...The 1900s in the United States were a time of great reform, discovery and advancement. Industrialization and urbanization were taking over the social and economic life. Immigrants and women workers were powering the factories in the east, while farmers were supporting them in the fields in the west. The laissez-faire strategy of the government allowed corporations led by captains of industry to form monopolies and control entire industries. However, this boom of industry came with many byproducts. Many of the owners of the corporations were known as robber barons because they would profit off the long hours and low wages of the factory workers. The late 1800s brought many strikes such as the Pullman and Homestead strikes, both spreading nationwide...
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...Peasant struggles in British India Can be classified into following groups: Before 1857’s Mutiny | * East India: Sanyasi Revolt, Chuar and Ho Rising, Kol Rising, Santhal Rising, Pagal Panthis and Faraizis Revolt * West India: Bhil, Ramosis * South India: Poligars | After 1857’s Mutiny | * Indigo Movement (1859-60) * Pabna Agrarian Unrest (1873-76), * Deccan riots (1874-75), * No-Revenue Movement Assam, Maharashtra, and Punjab: (towards the end of 19th century) * Champaran Indigo Satyagraha (1917) | In the 20s and 30s | 2nd Moplah, Awadh Kisan Sabha, Eka movement, Bardoli etc. | During and After WW2 | * Congress Ministries in provinces such as Bihar, UP and Bombay (will be discussed separately in third article) * Faizpur Congress session (1936) * All India Kisan Congress * Tebhaga Movement in Bengal * Telangana Outbreak in Hyderabad * Varlis Revolt in Western Indi | Peasant Revolts before 1857 Sanyasi Revolt, 1772 * British government restricted people from visiting holy places. Sansyasi got angry * Joined by farmers, evicted landlords, disbanded soldiers * Focal point: Rangpur to Dhaka * Leader: Manju Shah Fakir * Sanyasis defeated a company of sepoys and killed the commander. They overran some districts, virtually running a parallel government. * This rebellion continued till the end of the 18th century. * Governor General Warren Hastings launched a military campaign against Sansyasis. * From 1800,...
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