...Perception & Psychophysics 2004, 66 (6), 926-942 Effects of grouping and attention on the perception of causality HOON CHOI and BRIAN J. SCHOLL Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut Beyond perceiving patterns of motion in simple dynamic displays, we can also perceive higher level properties, such as causality, as when we see one object collide with another object. Although causality is a seemingly high-level property, its perception—like the perception of faces or speech—often appears to be automatic, irresistible, and driven by highly constrained and stimulus-driven rules. Here, in an exploration of such rules, we demonstrate that perceptual grouping and attention can influence the both perception of causality in ambiguous displays. We first report several types of grouping effects, based on connectedness, proximity, and common motion. We further suggest that such grouping effects are mediated by the allocation of attention, and we directly demonstrate that causal perception can be strengthened or attenuated on the basis of where observers are attending, independent of fixation. Like Michotte, we find that the perception of causality is mediated by strict visual rules. Beyond Michotte, we find that these rules operate not only over discrete objects, but also over perceptual groups, constrained by the allocation of attention. Long traditions in both philosophy and psychology have concerned themselves with the origin of our notions of cause and effect, precisely...
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...Profitable Sports Gambling Fabián Enrique Moya B.Sc., Anáhuac University, 2001 Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Statistical Methodology for by Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science Faculty of Science in the SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2012 © Fabián Enrique Moya 2012 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for “Fair Dealing.” Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. Approval Name: Degree: Title of Project: Examining Committee: Fabián Enrique Moya Master of Science (Applied Statistics) STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY FOR PROFITABLE SPORTS GAMBLING Chair: Dr. Carl Schwarz, Professor Dr. Tim Swartz Senior Supervisor Professor Dr. Paramjit Gill Committee Member Professor, Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of British Columbia – Okanagan Dr. Joan Hu External Examiner Professor Date Defended/Approved: July 24, 2012 ii Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users if the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or...
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