infarction in the past three decades, acute myocardial infarction continues to be a major health problem. About 50% of death from acute myocardial infarction occur within 1hr of the event and are attributable to arrhythmias most often ventricular fibrillation. Ischaemic injury can produce conduction blocks at any level of the atrioventricular or Intraventricular conduction systems. Such conduction block can occur in the atrioventricular node producing various grades of AV block. Conduction block can
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How does an understanding of the mechanisms of the heart help you in treatment of your patient regardless of the illness? The heart is a muscular pump that keeps blood flowing through the vessels, sending oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body, and carrying away unwanted carbon dioxide and waste products. Having an understanding of its functions and mechanism is essential for the care of the patient. Let’s take for example a patient with Left-sided Heart failure. Because blood is not pump
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Accumulation of zoledronic acid over time can cause significant renal toxicity and damage. Additional short-term adverse effects include fever, upper GI upset and musculoskeletal pain. Long-term adverse effects include jaw osteonecrosis, atrial fibrillation and suppression of bone turnover. In the case patient, additional risks include atypical femoral fractures, impaired growth and hypocalcaemia. In particular, hypocalcaemia can manifest from a few days to several months after initiation
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to LACS History Is it acute onset, time of onset of symptoms essential for thrombolysis, witness account if possible Current symptoms (assess if focal or not) Past medical history- Diabetes, HTN, Dyslipidaemic, Ischaemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation Smoking, lifestyle, medications(esp warfarin), intolerances Social history Examination Evidence of heart failure, AF, peripheral pulses Higher mental fns involved?- suggests cortical involvement Dominant- some variant of dysphasia
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Pathophysiology lab questions Laboratory evaluation of hemostatic disorders 1. A 46-year-old obese woman was admitted to the hospital with subfebrility and malaise. Her right thigh is swollen, with tight skin and dilated superficial veins. A day ago she started complaining of nausea, sweating, dyspnea and chest pain. Laboratory data: RBC: 4.1 T/l; WBC: 13 G/l; PLT: 240 G/l ESR: 25 mm/h LDH: 600 U/l CK: 160 U/l D-dimer: high (> 3 μg/ml) AT-III concentration: 60 % of normal What may
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Temperature Electronic thermometers are most often recommended. The temperature is displayed on an easy-to-read panel. The probe can be placed in the mouth, rectum, or armpit. * Mouth -- place the probe under the tongue and close the mouth. Breathe through the nose, and use the lips to hold the thermometer tightly in place. Leave the thermometer in the mouth for 3 minutes or until the device beeps. * Rectum -- this method is for infants and small children who are not able to hold a thermometer
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Case Study 5—Coronary Artery Disease It is midmorning on the cardiac unit where you work, and you are getting a new patient. G.P., a 60- year-old retired businessman, is married and has 3 grown children. As you take his health history, he tells you that he began feeling changes in his heart rhythm about 10 days ago. He has hypertension and a 5-year history of angina pectoris. During the past week he has had more frequent episodes of midchest discomfort. The chest pain has awakened him from sleep
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The admitting diagnosis was chest pain, shortness of breath, decompensated congestive heart failure. You have a past medical history of hypertension, pacemaker, defibrillator, chronic systolic congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation. You advised that you were prescribed Xarelto, ejection in the dosage a fraction less than 20 percent. You are a 60 year old male who presented to the emergency room with the
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Paul Soderlind created an everlasting impact on his community and aviation due to his persistent hard work and passion for flying. Paul Soderlind grew up with his family on a farm in the 1920s. As a child, he had a vast interest in airplanes and discovered his passion for flying early on. Soderlind took his first flight lesson at the age of twelve and earned his private certification on his eighteenth birthday. After high school, Soderlind began working for Northwest Airlines at an instrument
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Cardiovascular The cardiovascular system is consists of the heart and network of arteries, veins, and capillaries that transport blood throughout the body. There are two primary circulatory loops in the human body: the pulmonary circulation loop and the systemic circulation loop. The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a closed fist that functions as the body’s circulatory pump. It takes in deoxygenated blood through the veins and delivers it to the lungs for oxygenation before pumping
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