members to communicate before choosing efforts leads to more aggressive competition and greater coordination, but also results in substantially lower payoffs than a control treatment without communication. Our experiment thus provides evidence that communication can reduce efficiency in competitive coordination games. This contrasts sharply with experimental findings from public goods and other coordination games, where communication enhances efficiency and often leads to socially optimal outcomes
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EMPOWERMENT THROUGH CHOICE? A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF CHOICE IN ORGANIZATIONS Roy Yong-Joo Chua and Sheena S. Iyengar ABSTRACT The provision of choice is one of the most common vehicles through which managers empower employees in organizations. Although past psychological and organizational research persuasively suggests that choice confers personal agency, and is thus intrinsically motivating, emerging research indicates that there could be potential pitfalls. In this chapter, we
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Cells, Exchange and Transport Cells (a) state the resolution and magnification that can be achieved by a light microscope, a transmission electron microscope and a scanning electron microscope; Resolution Magnification Light microscope 200nm x1,500 Transmission Electron Microscope 0.1nm x500,000 Scanning Electron Microscope 0.1nm X100,000 (b) explain the difference between magnification and resolution; Magnification is the degree to which the size of an image is larger than the image
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2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter you should be able to •• describe the basic characteristics of culture and explain how cultural dimensions can be used in global HRM, •• describe how the institutions of society can shape HRM policies and procedures, •• discuss the possibility of the convergence of HRM across countries, •• explain how the heritage of state socialism continues to influence the context of HRM in transition economies, and •• discuss the effects of cultural and
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An Introduction to R Notes on R: A Programming Environment for Data Analysis and Graphics Version 3.2.0 (2015-04-16) W. N. Venables, D. M. Smith and the R Core Team This manual Copyright c Copyright c Copyright c Copyright c Copyright c is for R, version 3.2.0 (2015-04-16). 1990 W. N. Venables 1992 W. N. Venables & D. M. Smith 1997 R. Gentleman & R. Ihaka 1997, 1998 M. Maechler 1999–2015 R Core Team Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual
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paper 1 You Decide Chocoberry Case Study Idea Generation 1. What techniques will you propose to CB to generate ideas that can be developed into viable concepts? There are three types of idea generation that could help into developing a viable concept: * The evolutionary idea derives from somewhere else, taking something that already exists and improves on it. (1) * Symbiotic: method of idea creation when multiple ideas are combined, using different elements of each to make a whole. (1) *
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on the equations developed by English physiologists A. L. Hodgkin and A. F. Huxley (J. Physiol. Lond. 117: 500-‐542, 1952). Much of our current knowledge about the mechanisms of resting membrane potentials and action potentials comes from experiments performed by Hodgkin and Huxley on a giant nerve fiber found in the squid species Loligo
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CONTENT PREFACE …………………………………………………………………….…..…3 CHAPTER 1 Theoretical basics of mergers and acquisitions processes………..........5 1.1. The economic substance of M&A ………………………………………………5 1.2. Financing M&A…………………………………………………………………9 1.3. Valuation matters……………………………………………………………….11 1.4. M&A failure……………………………………………………………………13 CHAPTER 2 International M&A experience..............................................................16 2.2. The M&A
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potentially reassess how they use accounting numbers. The effects of mandatory IFRS adoption on accounting quality critically depend upon whether IFRS are of higher or lower quality than domestic GAAP and how they affect the efficacy of enforcement mechanisms. By a higher quality standard we mean a standard that either reduces managerial discretion over accounting choices or inherently disallows smoothing or overstatement of earnings. If IFRS are of higher quality than domestic GAAP, and they are
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Principle’s flexibility and utility in regulatory law. This Article uses chemical regulation as a case study in how the Principle can guide Congress in an ongoing controversy. Congress is considering a major overhaul of the flawed Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (TSCA), and this change could be one of the most significant developments in environmental law in a generation. This Article advocates implementing the Strong Precautionary Principle in a replacement statute for TSCA. Under my proposed
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