Larson−Wild−Chiappetta: Fundamental Accounting Principles, Seventeenth Edition 5. Accounting for Merchandising Operations Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2004 “I felt we should go into something that we had some connection to”—Dwayne Lewis (standing; Michael Cherry sitting) 5 A Look Back Accounting for Merchandising Operations A Look at This Chapter This chapter emphasizes merchandising activities. We explain how reporting merchandising activities differs from reporting service
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establishes relationship between two items expressed in quantitative form. According J. Batty, Ratio can be defined as "the term accounting ratio is used to describe significant relationships which exist between figures shown in a balance sheet and profit and loss account in a budgetary control system or any other part of the accounting management." Ratio can be used in the form of (1) percentage (20%) (2) Quotient (say 10) and (3) Rates. In other words, it can be expressed as a to b; a: b (a is to
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taking time out their busy schedules to help with the compilation of information. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary……………………………………………………….. 5 Introduction………………………………………………………………. 6 Background………………………………………………………………. 6 Discussion Gross Profit………………………………………………………. 6 Definitions Description Figure 1 Operating Income (Loss)…………………………………………. 7 Definitions Description Figure 2 Income from Continuing Operations before Income Tax…………. 8 Definitions Description
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|Financial Statement Analysis | |Working Capital | |Working Capital is more a measure of cash flow than a ratio. The result of this calculation must be a positive number. It is calculated | |as shown below:
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1 What are the 2008 figures showing? 6 2.1.1 Business Review 6 2.1.2 Risks and Uncertainties: 7 2.1.3 Turnover 7 2.1.4 Profit Loss and Balance sheet 8 3 Ratio Analysis 9 3.1 Liquidity Ratios 9 3.1.1 Current ratio 9 3.1.2 Acid Test / Quick Ratio 11 3.2 Profitability Ratios 12 3.2.1 ROCE Ratios 12 3.2.2 Gross Profit Ratio 13 3.2.3 Mark-up Ratio 15 3.2.4 Net Profit Ratio 16 3.3 Efficiency Ratios 18 3.3.1 Stock Turnover Ratio 18 3.3.2 Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio 19 3.3.3 Trade Debtor
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of a firm’s cost of goods sold to its average inventory level, is generally used to measure performance of inventory management, analyze short-term liquidity, and assess performance improvements over time. In general, a higher value of inventory turnover indicates better performance in controlling inventory levels. And a lower value may be an indication of over-stocking which may pose risk of obsolescence and increased inventory holding costs. Inventory Turnover=cost of good sold/average inventory
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Return on equity =Profit after taxShareholders equity×100 Return on capital employed = PBITCapital Employed×100 Gross profit=Sales-Cost of Goods sold Sales×100 net Margin= NET INCOME(PBIT) SALES×100 Asset turnover=Sales RevenueCapital employed Inventory turnover=Average inventories Cost of sales×365 Working capital ratio= Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities Activity Ratios Inventory Turnover: Cost of goods soldAverage turnover Debtor days:Trade receivablesrevenue×365 Creditor
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Introduction To The Income Statement This is the downloaded transcript of the video presentation for this topic. More downloads and videos are available at http://www.kgaction.com/financial-statement-analysis The Kaplan Group Commercial Collection Agency Superior Results Since 1991! www.kgaction.com! 805-541-2639 More Videos and downloads at © The Kaplan Group! http://www.kgaction.com/financial-statement-analysis © The Kaplan Group! The Kaplan Group
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complete directions. 1. Compute the company’s net sales for the year. 2. Compute the company’s total cost of merchandise purchased for the year. 3. Prepare a multiple-step income statement that includes separate categories for selling expenses and for general and administrative expenses. 4. Prepare a single-step income statement that includes these expense categories: cost of goods sold, selling expenses, and general and administrative expenses. Part 1 Net Sales
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Gross Margin First in line of the analysis of your business P & L is to carefully evaluate its gross margin. This calculation is done by subtracting the company's cost of goods sold from sales and by dividing its result by sales. Cost of goods sold is best measured as a percentage and proper care should be exercised to ensure that the periods P & L has properly allocated all direct sales cost to cost of goods sold. Typically most all of these costs will vary proportionally to the amount of product/services
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