Theories of criminology Prof. Dr. Ayman Elzeiny Introduction :- What is Theory? Definitions of the theory Vold, Bernard, and Snipes defined it as :- “an explanation … a sensible relating of some particular phenomenon to the whole field of knowledge” On other hand Bohm defined it as “makes statements about the relationship between two classes of phenomena” Williams and McShane defined it as “generalizations of a sort; explains how two or more events are related” . According to
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1966, pp: 949-983. - Gibbs, Jack P. ,"Crime, punishment and deterrence." Southwest Social Science Quarterly , 1968 , pp: 515-530. - Green, Donald E., "Past behavior as a measure of actual future behavior: An unresolved issue in perceptual deterrence research." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 1989 , pp: 781-804. B :- Crime Prevention :- B.1- Concepts of Crime Prevention : Terms such as "prevention," "control," and "deterrence" are frequently encountered in the literature of crime.
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Individual Theories Anna Braaf-Dore CJS/240 May 22, 2016 Amy Griner Individual Theories Specific deterrence focuses on the individual in question. The aim of these punishments is to discourage the criminal from future criminal acts by instilling an understanding of the consequences. General or indirect deterrence focuses on general prevention of crime by making examples of specific deviants. The individual actor is not the focus of the attempt at behavioral change
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Module 5: Zero Tolerance And Focused Deterrence July 28, 2013 Module 5: Zero Tolerance and Focused Deterrence In today's society crime rates of violent and gun related crimes are rising around the world. Whether it is by drugs, gangs, or weapons it is huge factor in the crimes in the society today. The zero tolerance policy is set in place in many areas because the law enforcement is tired of the crimes that could have been prevented by following the law. No matter if the criminal is a
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leaders who promise to give them a sense of identity they cannot develop for themselves. At risk youths- young people who are extremely vulnerable to the negative consequences of school failure, substance abuse, and early sexuality. Juvenile delinquency- participation in illegal behavior by a minor who falls under a statutory age limit. Chronic juvenile offenders- youths who have been arrested four or more time during their minority and perpetuate a striking majority of serious criminal acts.
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process. Specific deterrence has been given little attention in major research. In the past, deterrence focused on the impact of laws on the population rather than offenders that put the Criminal Justice System in danger. The primary goal of specific deterrence is to persuade offending from committing future crimes. Research which evaluates specific deterrence has focused on the effect of imprisonment that leads to future offending. One form of evaluating specific deterrence reflects the recidivism
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Lacock's study 'Do Executions Lower Homicide Rates: The Views of Leading Criminologists' (Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 2009), compares the deterrence capability of the death penalty to that of long term imprisonment. The article begins by detailing the context of the study through highlighting the declining support for the deterrence hypothesis, due in large part to flawed empirical research. Radelet and Lacock offer a brief history of studies on
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Terms Causality. A concept more applicable to the hard sciences. Does the appearance of X cause effect Y? In a perfect relationship, the appearance of X would always cause the effect Y. each and every time the relationship is seen. Empirical Validity. This is the most important factor in evaluating a theory, and means that the theory has been supported by research evidence. Ideology. A belief system and a set of core values or philosophy. In a pure sense, an ideology states or explains
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power. A study by the Justice Department was done some years ago that said that juvenile murder arrests had reached a 33-year low, falling 68 percent between 1994 and 1999, some critics pointed to a study by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention that found Florida still had the second-highest overall violent crime rate among
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Chapter I The Problem and Its Scope Rationale Juvenile Crime or Juvenile Delinquency is one of the most serious problems our country is facing these days. Although crime rates differ from region to region in the Philippines, juvenile delinquency remains a very broad issue which affects day to day living in our society. It is disturbing to see a 14yr old boy runs across a busy highway with hi-speed trucks and play “patintero” on them just to get away with a newly snatched bag. And multitude
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