of the future. As such, a change (increase or decrease) at time of a dividend changes may be an indicator of changing desire for future EPS, not an expectation of dividends (Mollah & Asma, 2000). Financial analysts have a huge debate on whether there is an optimal dividend policy. The optimal policy is considered as determinants of the prices in a long-run decision, managers have to sustain at a declared level. Otherwise, an
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FINANCE 305 : ESSENTIALS OF INVESTMENTS CHAPTER 1: Investments: Background and Issues. REAL ASSETS – assets used to produce goods and services. FINANCIAL ASSETS – claims on real assets or income generated by them. FIXED INCOME (DEBD) SECURITIES – are securities that pay a specified cash flow over and specific period. EQUITY – an ownership share in a corporation. DERIVATIVE SECURITIES – securities providing pay offs that depend on the value of other assets. AGENCY PROBLEMS – conflicts of
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1.1 Background Ensuring the smooth functioning of payment systems and preserving financial stability while promoting the efficiency of payment methods and systems, thus contributing to the optimal allocation of resources in the economy, are among central banks’ primary responsibilities. Gaining a better understanding of how to make retail payment instruments cost efficient is of interest not only to central banks, but also to commercial banks, retailers, companies and the general public. Cheques
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system and compares RTGS with the settlement process used for non-cash retail size transaction It should be mentioned first of all that the RTGS was first introduced in 1998 and the main rationale behind its introduction was to reduce the settlement risks that were associated with the previous payment system. According to Viney, “RTGS requires each high-value payment transaction to be settled immediately by transfer of exchange settlement account funds (held with the Reserve Bank) from the sending institution
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organization include the political and economical climate within the local and international industry. Similar companies are venturing into the business posing the risk of completion within the market for suppliers, customers, and regulators. Bellagio faces the risk of high uncertainty in the casino business, and it is quite difficult to predict the optimal targets. [pic] Figure: Bellagio Casino and Resort Corporate Diversification Strategy 2. Describe contingent factors (as discussed in seminar 12) that
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set aside the presumption that a corporation has owners in any meaningful sense. The entrepreneur is also laid to rest, at least for the purposes of the large modern corporation. The two functions usually attributed to the entrepreneur-management and risk bearing-are treated as naturally separate factors within the set of contracts called a firm. The firm is disciplined by competition from other firms, which forces the evolution of devices for efficiently monitoring the performance of the entire team
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International Financial Management Part I: The International Financial Environment Multinational Financial Management: An Overview Chapter Objectives • To identify the main goal of the multinational corporation (MNC) and conflicts with that goal; • To describe the key theories that justify international business; and • To explain the common methods used to conduct international business. Goal of the MNC • The commonly accepted goal of an MNC is to maximize shareholder wealth. • We will focus on MNCs
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Regulation Plan for Alumina Inc. LAW531 21 March 2011 Mr. Majid Safaie Regulation Plan for Alumina Inc. Regulatory risk, by definition, is a risk to which private companies are subject, arising from the possibility of legislation or regulations that will affect business being adopted by a government [ (Unabridged, 2009) ]. To avoid this risk, Alumina Inc, must be proactive in their approach to legal analysis, marketing, public relations, and various other elements of business. Alumina,
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living in NH, I was always intrigued with the story of a small resort village, Bretton Woods, and the global impact it had on Europe and the rest of the world. Bretton Woods institutions were created in 1944 during the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at the Mount Washington Hotel (The Bretton Woods Committee, n.d.). The Bretton Woods institutions created an international basis for exchanging one currency for another. It also led to the creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
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in bones and teeth, in which, it is first absorbed in the stomach and small intestine then enters the bloodstream. It apatite hardens tooth enamel and stabilizes bone mineral. The only clear effect of inadequate fluoride consumption is an increased risk of dental caries for individuals of all ages (Higdon, 2012). Before the introduction of fluoride-containing toothpastes, there have been
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