countries administered prices and centrally allocated resources. Even the developed economies operated under the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates. The system of fixed prices came under stress from the 1970s onwards. High inflation and unemployment rates made interest rates more volatile. The Bretton Woods system was dismantled in 1971, freeing exchange rates to fluctuate. Less developed countries like India began opening up their economies and allowing prices to vary with market conditions
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 Introduction: Kenya Economy (Sub-Saharan Africa) 3 Objective of the study 4 Macro Economic Indicator Table 5 GDP Trend 6 Trade and Industrial Policy 9 Exchange rate policy 17 Monetary policy & Fiscal Policy 21 References: 26 Introduction: Kenya Economy (Sub-Saharan Africa) Kenya is considered by many today to be the heartland of East Africa. It has a total area of approximately 580,000 km2, making it slightly
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of every risk factor that may arise becomes more complicated in case of an international project because the risk factors differ from country to country and there are some risk factors which are unique to a country. Required rate of return on an investment project is the rate of return which investors who have contributed their money for the project expects to earn from the project. There is a direct relationship between the risk involved in a project and return required on the capital invested in
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CEO’S LETTER TO THE SHAREHOLDERS I am delighted to report that your Bank has delivered another year of consistent growth in business volumes, revenues and profits during a period of slower GDP growth, tight liquidity and relatively high interest rates. The Bank has built its business upon the trust of millions of customers who avail of its products and services through a distribution network of 1,622 branches and 9,924 ATMs spread across 1,050 centres in the country. The retail deposit base continues
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* The financial account balance * The capital account balance * The current account balance The financial account balance takes account of the sale of assets and purchase of them, i.e. loans, property, bank deposits and cross-border exchanges. In relation to the capital account balance it consists of the monetary values relating to the transfer of ownership of things such as land, and records the outflows and inflows from people that are selling abroad and purchasing. The current account
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possibility to get U.S. dollar finance for a lower interest rate. Toachieve this, the issuer could sell the embedded put to Goldman Sachs. The profits from the put offset the difference between the 7%coupon they paid on the bonds and the desired LIBOR floating rate. The payment from the put covered the cost paid to the swapcounterparty for hedging the exposure to the Yen-Dollar exchangerate and swapping the LIBOR for a higher coupon rate. The European financial institution was left with a fully hedged
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Although the price may not completely converge, but the premium tends to narrow over time. Convergence Strategy: In case of convergence strategy the two asset prices or yields must converge. when there was a specifiable future date(usually medium-term fixed maturities) by which convergence of offsetting short and long positions in similar instruments should occur. An example would be a strategy consists of buying off-the-run high yield bonds and shorting on-the-run low yield bonds. Once the newly issued
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Foreign Exchange Markets Shalanda Massenburg Axia College During the 20th century, the exchange market rates were fixed, according to the amount of gold for which they could be exchanged (Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2008). The gold exchange standard was adopted by Britain during the nineteenth century. There were a few positive aspects of the gold exchange standard. According to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (2008), “It served as a common measure of value, it helped keep inflation
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Risk and Insurance in International Trade AMB 302 ACeL Amity University Risk refers to a situation where outcome are uncertain. In other words risk occurs whenever there is a variation in the actual outcome and expected value. In Business if there is a variation between the actual and the expected value, business suffers a loss, therefore the term risk is also used to describe the expected losses or the variation from the actual outcome. Course Objectives: The course aims at making
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Foreign Exchange Markets and Transactions 1) Foreign Exchange Market In 1971 the US suspended the convertibility of the dollar to gold, and by 1973 the US and other nations had accepted floating exchange rates. Today the exchange market is the largest market in the world. The market is an elaborate network of trading desks, banks, cooperations and individuals who buy and sell currencies all over the world. 2) What is an Exchange Rate? An Exchange rate is the price of a currency
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