Centre for Foundation Studies, UTAR Topic Scopes TOPIC 2 Chemical Bonding • • • • • Electrovalent Covalent bonding Co-ordinate/dative covalent bonding Metallic bonding Intermolecular bonding (including hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals) • Electronegativity 2 Chemical Bond Topic Scopes Bond energies, bond lengths & bond polarities Drawing Lewis structure and calculate the formal charge • Chemical bond the force of attraction that binds atoms together in a chemical
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All matter has potential energy or the stored energy that an object has based on its position and structure. All forms of matter want to be in the lowest state of potential energy and will move towards the state where energy is lowest. For example, if a sled is on top of a tall snowy hill then the sled has high potential energy. However, once the sled
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absorb significant amounts of heat, which can be very dangerous. Until a new, cheaper and suitable alternative is found, Gold is utmost essential in spacecraft shields. Classify each of the following substances as metallic, ionic, covalent molecular or covalent network. Give your reason to support your
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Mohamed M Vocabulary: A | B | alpha (?) helix | The spiral shape resulting from the coiling of a polypeptide in a protein's secondary structure. | amine | An organic compound with one or more amino groups. | amino acid | An organic molecule containing a carboxyl group and an amino group; serves as the monomer of proteins. | amino group | In an organic molecule, a functional group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. | anabolic steroid | A synthetic variant
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THEORY 3 States of matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas Solubility of a solute in water, at a given temperature is the maximum amount of it that will dissolve in 100g of water at that temperature. Solubility = solution divided by solvent ATOMIC STRUCTURE: Plum Pudding- Thompson Thomson’s "Plum Pudding Model" each atom was a sphere filled with a positively charged fluid Rutherford-Proton predicted Neutron Chadwick-Neutron (No Charge hard to find) Mass proton and electron-1 Neutron-0 Mass
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vibrate around their equilibrium but don’t move and keep a rigid shape with their bonds intact. Liquid particles are similar but have more energy so vibrate faster and have more fluidity. Gas particles have no bonds and move around very quickly Structure of an atom |Particle |Where? |Mass |Charge | |Proton |Nucleus
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know that Si has the highest melting point of the Period 3 elements. Since Si and SiO2 both have giant molecular structures with a strong and extensive network of covalent bonds, they assume that SiO2 also has the highest melting point of the Period 3 oxides. Comment: It is difficult to directly compare the bond strengths of compounds in which the type of bonding is different (e.g. ionic, covalent and metallic bonds.
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GCE Chemistry B (Salters) Unit F331: Chemistry for Life Advanced Subsidiary GCE Mark Scheme for June 2014 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of qualifications to meet the needs of candidates of all ages and abilities. OCR qualifications include AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, Cambridge Nationals, Cambridge Technicals, Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational
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AS/A Level GCE GCE Chemistry A OCR Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Chemistry A H034 OCR Advanced GCE in Chemistry A H434 Vertical black lines indicate a significant change to the previous printed version. © OCR 2008 version 2 – February 2008 QAN 500/2425/5 QAN 500/2347/0 Contents 1 About these Qualifications 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 The Three-Unit AS The Six-Unit Advanced GCE Qualification Titles and Levels Aims Prior Learning/Attainment 4 4 4 5 5 5 2 Summary of Content 2.1 2.2
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The structures of different types of cells are related to their functions. To get into or out of cells, dissolved substances have to cross the cell membranes. Cells Cells are the smallest unit of life. All living things are made of cells. Most human cells, like most other animal cells, have the following parts: o nucleus o cytoplasm o cell membrane o mitochondria o ribosomes Plant and algal cells also have: o cell wall o chloroplasts o permanent vacuole What do these structures do?
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