According to the IMF, fiscal stimulus must be customized to the nature of the crisis. That’s why a slow acting fiscal policy can be used on the current crisis (while usually it comes too late and adds up inflation). Expenditure measures are hence appropriate because of their direct stimulation of the demand. Moreover, due to the lack of accurate and reliable estimates, IMF also recommends the diversification of the fiscal policies used in order to maximize their effectiveness. The global nature
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2. Integrated Supply Chains and Dominant Commodity Consumers Past decade reveals integration of supply chains, industrial restructuring and labour allocation contributed to overall Asia market’s GDP growth with major acceleration from China and India. Vertical integration of supply chains with China becoming the centre with China handling most of the world’s final stages of production exports to developed world rose dramatically. Increase in share of intra-reginal trade in Asia showed shift in
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Graduate School of Development Studies INFLATION IN VIETNAM OVER THE PERIOD 1990-2007 A Research Paper presented by: Bui Thi Kim Thanh (Vietnam) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for obtaining the degree of MASTERS OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Specialisation: Economic of Development (ECD) Members of the examining committee: Dr. Karel Jansen Dr. Lorenzo Pellegrini The Hague, The Netherlands November, 2008 1 Disclaimer: This document represents part of the author’s
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of market-sensitive information. Copies of this report are available to the public from International Monetary Fund Publication Services PO Box 92780 Washington, D.C. 20090 Telephone: (202) 623-7430 Fax: (202) 623-7201 E-mail: publications@imf.org Web: http://www.imf.org Price: $18.00 per printed copy International Monetary Fund Washington, D.C. © 2015 International Monetary Fund MALAYSIA January 23, 2015 STAFF REPORT FOR THE 2014 ARTICLE IV CONSULTATION KEY ISSUES
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Introduction The current state of the world economy is quite uncertain. Economic statistics that governments and other financial institutions use to project the economy imply that the world economy is shrinking. Since 2008, the state of the American economy has not been attractive. For instance, the United States economy has not registered any significant growth for the last three years. The 2011 second quarter results indicated that gross domestic product improved by 1%. At the same time, there
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May 19, 2008 Criteria: Sovereign Credit Ratings: A Primer Primary Credit Analysts: David T Beers, London (44) 20-7176-7101; david_beers@standardandpoors.com Marie Cavanaugh, New York (1) 212-438-7343; marie_cavanaugh@standardandpoors.com Table Of Contents Criteria Update Rating Basics Ratings Methodology Profile Local And Foreign Currency Rating Distinctions Rating Changes Sovereign Ratings Compared To Nonsovereign Ratings Historical Default Trends Appendix: Sovereign Default
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subprime financial crisis in the U.S. it is evident that the U.S., China and India are dependant on each other. Although the subprime crisis was related to factors regarding monetary policy in the U.S., China and India have been negatively affected. China and India assumed that they would be immune to the after affects of the subprime financial crisis which took place in the U.S. housing sector. Unfortunately China and India have been greatly impacted by experiencing financial instability and experiencing
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Economic Reforms in Asia: The Indian Case Study The Asian economy has seen a rapid rise over the past decade with countries such as China, India and South Korea making major headways. China, being the leader of the group, has been largely tipped by many economists to overtake the US as the world’s superpower by 2025. Asian GDP Performance (1997-2005) Source: http://www.treasury.gov.au The success of these nations came on the back of major economic
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about 30% to 50% to the overall GDP. The purpose of this paper is to estimate more precisely the size of the hidden economy with the determination of its potential causes and implications. Five statistical and structural modeling approaches namely; simple monetary approach, modified monetary approach using dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), multiple-indicators multiplecauses (MIMIC) approach, electricity consumption approach and labor market survey based approach are used to estimate the size
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Study of Economics - Micro & Macro Economics The study of economics is divided by the modern economists into two parts viz. Micro economics and Macro economics. This division is shown in the figure / chart above. Micro economics and Macro economics, both the terms were used in 1933 by Prof. Ragnar Frisch from Oslo University of Norway. The word micro has been derived from the Greek word `Mikros' i.e. small and the word macro has been derived from Greek word `Makros' i.e. large. What is
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