the Greek autos "self" and trophe"nourishing") or producer, is an organism that produces complexorganic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light (photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis). They are the producers in a food chain, such asplants on land or algae in water, in contrast to heterotrophs as consumers of autotrophs. They do not need a living source of energy or organic carbon
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The key to the success of eukaryotic cells are two powerful, mutually supportive organelles: the mitochondrion and the chloroplast: The mitochondrion consumes oxygen to efficiently extract energy from carbon sources like glucose, producing carbon dioxide and water in the process. The chloroplast consumes water and carbon dioxide as it captures energy from light and funnels it into the chemical energy of glucose, releasing oxygen in the process. Endosymbiotic theory proposes that these organelles
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As energy flows through ecosystems, from producers to consumers to detrivores to decomposers, some energy is lost at each level. The Sun is life’s main energy supply. Using energy from the Sun, plants make their own food through the process of photosynthesis. Plants need to use most of the energy from the food they make for everyday life processes, such as growing and producing flowers and seeds. On average, only about one-tenth ( 1 10 or 10%) of a plant’s food energy gets stored as nutrients in
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clubmosses, hornworts, liverworts,mosses and the green algae. Green plants excludes the red and brown algae, the fungi, archaea, bacteria and animals. Green plants have cell walls with cellulose and obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis by primary chloroplasts, derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. Their chloroplasts contain chlorophylls a and b, which gives them their green color. Some plants are parasitic and have lost the ability to produce normal amounts of chlorophyll
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Biomass is a term for all organic material that stems from plants (including algae, trees and crops). Biomass is produced by green plants converting carbon dioxide using light into plant material through photosynthesis and includes all land- and waterbased vegetation, as well as all organic wastes. The biomass resource can be considered as organic matter, in which the energy of sunlight is stored in chemical bonds. When the bonds between adjacent carbon, hydrogen and oxygen molecules are broken by
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Figure 4-10 The diagram shows how a food chain operates energy flow from level to level. Plants make their own food through the action of photosynthesis. Because of that they are known as producers. First order consumers fully rely on these plants for food which are called herbivores. A second order consumer or carnivore relies on the herbivores for food (Chiras, 2013). Figure 4-12 The lowest level of the chain games the most energy. The top of the pyramid transfers a small percentage
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Plant communication Recent studies have shown that plants may be able to communicate to one another, this communication is made possible by genetic information. In another study from David Johnson of Aberden university we are informed on the ways that plants carry information from one to others using soil. When a plant is infected by a disease they are able to pass that information to the others, and fungi play the role of the carrier transmitting that information. In 1983 Jack Schultz and Ian
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An onion is a monocot plant in the Phylum Angiospermophyta. Its leaves have long reticulate veins running from the petiole to the apex. Onions are plants used by people for cooking purposes. An onion has two structures. Root system Shoot system Onions have an adventitious root system. The purpose of the roots is to provide firm anchorage of the plant and absorption of water and mineral salts from the soil. The shoot system comprises of the leaves that perform a photosynthetic function. They
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Research Paper: Digestive System of Mammals A mammal’s digestive system depends on the food that their main diets consist of. Mammals are classified into three categories: carnivores, herbivores and nectar-feeding animals. This report will be focusing on the differences in each separate digestive system. Herbivore An herbivore is the term specified to a group of animals that feed on plants alone. Because of this eating regime, their digestive system is adapted in order to cater for the animals’
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immunity system. Varieties of fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of Vitamin C, especially the citric fruits such as oranges, lemons, and limes. It is found that Vitamin C can protect plant against the harmful side effects of light during photosynthesis, the process by which light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide into plant matter. In addition, Vitamin C aids plants to deal with stresses from the drought to the ozone and UV radiation (Exeter, 2007) due to its antioxidant function. It
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