ACTIVITY: UNDERSTANDING ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION, VALENCE AND VALENCE ELECTRONS. You are provided three necklace chains with 17 beads and one button. Consider the necklace chain as shells, beads as electrons and button as nucleus. You have to fill the electron shells around nucleus by putting these 17 beads into the three necklace chains around button following the Bohr-Burry and Octet Rule. Identify the element, its electronic configuration, valency and number of valence electrons. QUESTIONS AND
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the hydrogen molecules are ionized (electrons are stripped from them), and they become single protons. The contraction of the gas and the rise in temperature continue until the temperature of the star reaches about 10,000,000 degrees Celsius (18,000,000 degrees Fahrenheit). At this point, nuclear fusion occurs in a process called proton-proton reaction. Briefly, proton-proton reaction is when four protons join together and two are converted into neutrons; an 4He nucleus is formed. During this process
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of electron carriers; higher concentration of / more, hydrogen ions / protons reduces the pH; R hydrogen, H A hydrogen ions produced in lumen hydrogen ions, move / diffuse, down concentration gradient ; across / through, (thylakoid) membrane / from lumen to stroma; through ATP synthetase / synthase / protein channel / stalked particles; generates ATP; AVP; e.g. ref. to by chemiosmosis ref. to an electrochemical gradient / proton motive force max 4 [6] 2. (i) light absorbing/AW; ref to excited
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Theoretical assessment of the mechanisms involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol A theoretical approach to describe the mechanisms of the isomerization and reduction of a double bond, involved in the lanosterol conversion to cholesterol was undertaken. Also, the 14α-demethylation and 4α-demethylation in this biosynthesis were studied, and some similarities were found between the two; however they are different and their mechanisms have not been explained yet. Ab initio calculations
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Chapter 2 “The Chemistry of Life” Worksheet ANSWERS Section Review 2-1 1. Protons; neutrons 2. electrons 3. neutrons 4. electrons 5. ionic 6. The two main types of chemical bonds are ionic and covalent bonds 7. At atom becomes an ion when it gains or loses electrons 8. Electrons and protons are both subatomic particles; however, they have different charges and locations within the atom. 9. When atoms are joined together by covalent bonds, the structure that
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Acis CHEMICAL REACTIONS: ACID-BASE BUFFERS Short Overview Acids and bases represent two of the most common classes of compounds. Many studies have been done on these compounds, and their reactions are very important. Perhaps the most important reaction is the one in which an acid and base are combined, resulting in the formation of water (in aqueous solution) and a salt; this reaction is called neutralization. A buffer solution is a solution that contains both an acid and
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Prime Minister of Malaysia. He also made us guess his age, which we almost got right by saying that he’s probably in his late 30’s or early 40’s. Our interviewee is Mr. Abdul Rahman, a 41-year old retiree in the automobile mechanics service for Proton (a Malaysian automobile company) currently not doing much of a work due to a bone fracture accident on his right leg when he was travelling to Australia as part of his past job requirements in 2005. This was solely the reason why he retired from the
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up signals from the nuclei of the hydrogen atoms in the body. A computer converts these signals them into a black and white picture. The magnets from the MRIs develops a strong magnetic field that makes the protons to align with the field. When the radiofrequency pulses are sent in, the protons are stimulated and makes them non-equilibrium, a state of the chemical reaction in which the opposing forces are not balanced. When the pulses are off, the particles produce electrical signals
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NASA uses hydrogen fuel to launch the space shuttles. Credit: NASA Hydrogen is the simplest element. An atom of hydrogen consists of only one proton and one electron. It's also the most plentiful element in the universe. Despite its simplicity and abundance, hydrogen doesn't occur naturally as a gas on the Earth - it's always combined with other elements. Water, for example, is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen (H2O). Hydrogen is also found in many organic compounds, notably thehydrocarbons that
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Color Changes 1. What three particles make up every atom? Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons make up every atom. 2. What are the major differences among the three particles that make up every atom? The three particles that make up every atom differs in the electrical charge and in mass while the proton and neutron possess the same mass. The neutron tends to be a tad heavier more like 2000 times more than the electron. The proton has a positive charge (+1). The neutron has no charge and the
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