imply the concept of the beta. The beta is a measure of the volatility, or systematic risk, or a portfolio in comparison to the market as a whole. Beta is used in the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), a model that calculates the expected return of an asset based on its beta and expected market returns. Beta is calculated using regression analysis and you can think of beta as the tendency of a security’s returns to respond to swings in the market. A beta of less than 1 means that the security will
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Problem Set 1. Stocks offer an expected rate of return of 18%, with a standard deviation of 22%. Gold offers an expected return of 10% with a standard deviation of 30%. a. In light of the apparent inferiority of gold with respect to both mean return and volatility, would anyone hold gold? If so, demonstrate graphically why one would do so. Explain. Answer: Even though it seems that gold is dominated by stocks, gold might still be an attractive asset to hold as a part of a portfolio.
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For other uses, see Beta. In finance, the beta (β) of a stock or portfolio is a number describing the relation of its returns with that of the financial market as a whole.[1] An asset with a beta of 0 means that its price is not at all correlated with the market. A positive beta means that the asset generally follows the market. A negative beta shows that the asset inversely follows the market; the asset generally decreases in value if the market goes up and vice versa.[2] The beta coefficient
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No.1. January 2012. Pp. 20 - 32 Pricing of Liquidity Risk in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Greater China Kuntonrat Davivongs1 and Pantisa Pavabutr2 This paper used the liquidity adjusted capital asset pricing model of Acharya and Pedersen (2005) to examine the liquidity risk of stocks in two retail-based equity markets, China and Taiwan during the period of 1996-2008. We found that the proportion of liquidity risk overwhelms market risk, unlike the findings in US markets. As a pricing factor
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significant element of investment management is the mechanisms of alternative investment. A strategic selection of the right asset allocation can provide a means of protection against unsystematic risk, also known as “diversifiable risk”. Though a well-diversified investment portfolio can provide a means of risk minimisation, allocating assets across a varied range of investments through alternative means is essentially the most effective mechanism. A combination of private equity, hedge funds, venture
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compared the result to the earlier analysis done based on average return, standard deviation and beta. Sharpe ratio, measures investment performance of the portfolio compared to risk taken. It’s most appropriate to use when evaluating diversified portfolios. Sharpe ratio penalizes non-diversified portfolios by also taking into account unsystematic risk. The high sharpe ratio represents the better performance for taking on additional risk. Wallflower Value Fund (WVF) shows the highest performance
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goals were to enhance return and reduce risks, so that during first several years she put majority of company’s funds in index funds, account for between 50% to 99%. Because she did not have so much money to invest in other financial instruments and thought index funds was safer, especial Vanguard’s Index 500 Trust, than other financial instruments in 1989. According to the appendix 1, we can calculate the standard deviation of SP500 was 3.59% during 1989 and monthly average return was 2.36%. Although
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writing from: 0 BUSINESS FINANCE OUbs002223 January 2014 OUbs002223 Business Finance Table of Contents Unit 1 Agency Issue between shareholders and managers Unit 2 Investment appraisal methods Unit 3 Risks and Return Unit 4 Asset Pricing Models, CAPM & APT Unit 5 Capital Market Efficiency and Stock Market Anomalies Unit 6 Cost of Capital, Shareholder’s wealth, Gearing & Leasing Unit 7 The dividend decision Unit 8 Corporate Restructuring
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Implications The Market Portfolio Assumptions Underlying the CAPM Portfolio Choice in the CAPM World The Risk-Return Tradeoff for Individual Stocks VII. The CML and SML VIII. “Overpricing”/“Underpricing” and the SML IX. X. Uses of CAPM in Corporate Finance Additional Readings Equilibrium Process, Supply Equals Demand, Market Price of Risk, Cross-Section of Expected Returns, Risk Adjusted Expected Returns, Net Present Value and Cost of Equity Capital. Buzz Words: 1 Foundations of Finance: The
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should you include it along with the market factor? c) Describe how the stock return would be affected when the factor of your choice changes. d) Describe a scenario where one can benefit from trading on the factor of your choice. a) There is a variety of factors that can determine the returns on security. The market based factor is the return on the broad market index such as S&P 500. This market return is one of the factors in the model. Other factors include the following:
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