DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY OF GHANA COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF MUTUAL FUNDS IN GHANA BY WISDOM KWASHIE AFORNORPE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS, UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE IN ECONOMIC POLICY MANAGEMENT OCTOBER, 2008 DECLARATION I, Wisdom Kwashie Afornorpe, author of this Master of Arts dissertation do hereby
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The risk-free rate represents the rate of return earned by investing in the risk-free asset. Two conditions must be met before an asset can be considered to be completely risk free. Firstly there must be no risk of default associated with the asset. Secondly the asset’s actual return must be equal to its expected return.in reality, there is no investments are totally risk free, bonds issued by the governments of politically and economically stable countries are generally considered to be free from
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(CAPM), adding size and value factors in addition to market risk factor in CAPM. This model considers the fact that the cost and small-capitalization stocks outperform the market on a regular basis. Including these two additional factors that corrects the model for the outperformance trend, which is thought to make it a better tool for evaluating the effectiveness of a manager. FAMA and French tried to better assess the market returns, and based on research, it was found that the value of the shares
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The Pakistan Development Review 44 : 4 Part II (Winter 2005) pp. 863–876 Performance Evaluation of Mutual Funds in Pakistan S. M. AAMIR SHAH and SYED TAHIR HIJAZI* INTRODUCTION In Pakistan Mutual Funds were introduced in 1962, when the public offering of National Investment (Unit) Trust (NIT) was introduced which is an open-end mutual fund. In 1966 another fund that is Investment Corporation of Pakistan (ICP) was establishment. ICP subsequently offered a series of closed-end mutual funds. Up
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(non-diversifiable risk) to link risks and returns of investments. According to Stahl (2016), Beta is a standard for measuring the systematic risk or the non-diversifiable risk. The uncertainty in the economy of a particular country causes the systematic risk. Systematic risk is that risk sharing or risk diversification cannot reduce. Economic downturns, war, natural calamities and a change of government policy are some of the activities that cause systematic risk. Both CAPM and Beta are measures of risk (Anon
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long run the endowment was able to earn a 6% to 6.5% average return over the CPI inflation rate the university could spend 4.5% to 5% of the endowment. The 6.25% is the average of the real minimum expected returns (6% and 6.5%) that HMC could earn to meet the annual spending. Answer 2: The Policy Portfolio is a long term asset mix that was designed to balance HMC’s aversion to risk against its needs for long-term endowment returns. It is the portfolio that Harvard should maintain under neutral
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short-term fixed-income financial instruments. The average maturity of these instruments is about one to two years. STP is always treated as the risk-free part of the hospitals’ holdings. On the other hand, the LTP is thought as the risky part of holdings. It consists of different forms of equity and a smaller fixed-income part. In order to diversify the risks of the LTP, the Partners Investment Committee introduced a new type of assets, real assets, into the original LTP during the past years. Both
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because returns on component securities will not move in perfect lockstep. The portfolio standard deviation will be less than a weighted average of the standard deviations of the component securities. 2. The covariance with the other assets is more important. Diversification is accomplished via correlation with other assets. Covariance helps determine that number. 3. a and b will have the same impact of increasing the Sharpe ratio from .40 to .45. 4. The expected return of the portfolio
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existence of a riskless asset. This version was more robust against empirical testing and was influential in the widespread adoption of the CAPM (Fama & French, 1982). CAPM has become very attractive as a tool that measures risk to possible in relation to expected return, although it is still widely used for estimating the cost of capital for firms and evaluating the performance of managed portfolios. While CAPM is accepted academically, there is empirical evidence suggesting that the model is
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calculations by hand would be really tedious and time consuming. The online financial calculator has been used to calculate the YTM. Source: (The results have been presented below. [pic] Answer: The YTM is 12.475% Exercise 5.6 Maturity Risk
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