arise from employee’s perception of unfair treatment. The study of procedural and interactional justice has come to forefront in academia because of their correlation with favorable work attitudes and higher job performance. The article Using Social Exchange Theory to Distinguish Procedural from Interactional Justice differentiates the importance and role of procedural and interactional justice in the workplace. The authors’ state procedural justice is normally associated with the relationship between
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of micro-level origin theories, control theories, explores the causes of deviance from an altogether different perspective. Control theories take for granted the existence of a cohesive set of norms shared by most persons in the society and reason that most persons want to and will typically conform to these prevailing social norms. The emphasis in these theories, unlike learning theories, is on the factors that bond individuals to conforming lifestyles. The bonds act as social and psychological constraints
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Social Learning Theory : The social learning approach to motivation focuses on the patterns of behaviour the individual learns in coping with environment. Within this viewpoint, individual differences in behaviour result from variations in the conditions of learning that the person encounters in the course of growing up. Some behaviour patterns are learned through direct experience; the individual behaves in a certain manner and is rewarded or punished. But responses can also be acquired without
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causes of crime and the solutions to crime (21 marks) As suggested in item A, right realists explain crime to be a social problem requiring practical solutions. Realists focus on crime which is at the centre of public concern, for example street crime, violence and burglary; they are concerned with increasing measures of crime control. Wilson and Hernstein put forward a biosocial theory explaining the causes of crime; they argue crime is an activity disproportionately committed by young men living
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Social Penetration Theory (SPT) was developed by Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor. This theory has a socio-psychological tradition with an objective approach. SPT explains how relationship development works. Social Penetration Theory has five concepts which are as listed: social penetration, law of reciprocity, self-disclosure, personality structures of SPT, and the social exchange theory. Social penetration is defined as “the process of developing deeper intimacy with another person through mutual
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David Fender MGMT 321-800 February 21, 2010 Boston Duck Case Study Swim with the sharks and live Boston Duck Tours is a success story founded by a disgruntled investment banker manager. Equity theory explains the reason for Andrew Wilson deciding to launch the venture. Working endless hours in a pressure intensive environment of investment and feeling that he was not being paid properly for his output input ratio Wilson not only made a career change but made a leap of faith into entrepreneurialism
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adolescents look to media outlets for guidance in establishing social norms and behaviors. It is extremely evident that media outlets have the power to create meaning. Image advertisements in particular have the power to create a set of frames that perpetuate ideological hegemony. Ideology is a culmination of social beliefs and values that are upheld by members of society. Hegemony is the power or dominance that one social group holds over others (Lull, 1995). Ideological hegemony
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attributes. One of mine is always extending help to others even if it conflicts with my schedule. I usually do this at work. I thought previously before taking this class that it was out of the goodness of my heart, but know realize that under the social exchange theory I was getting rewarded in several ways. I learned managerial tasks, I got noticed as a hard worker, and I am not one to complain about working 11 days without a day off. This landed me the manager position without trying. I have also always
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Describe and evaluate social explanations for aggression (16 + 8 marks) There are a number of different theories which offer explanations for aggression. These include social psychological explanations and biological explanations. Some of the social explanations are social learning theory and deindividuation. Social learning theory was developed by Albert Bandura and is based on the behaviourist approach that our aggressive behaviour is learnt. He proposed that it is similar to operant conditioning
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Social Comparison and Temporal Life Satisfaction In his theory of social comparison, Festinger (1954) identified the idea that human beings have the drive to look at others in order to evaluate their own opinions and abilities. Social comparison is categorized into two forms, namely downward and upward. Downward comparison occurs when an individual compares to others who are deemed as socially worse off, while upward social comparison acts in the opposite direction. Over the years,
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