Introduction Coincidentally Sulphur is the 16th element on the periodic table, and the 16th most abundant element in nature (Kutney, n.d.). Yellow in colour, Sulphur, in it’s elemental state, forms an 8-member ring. Elemental sulphur initially forms monoclinic crystals with orthorhombic crystals forming within a day of cooling. This change in form effects the density; orthorhombic crystals have a 5% greater density, and melt temperature; a range of 113°-119° with complete melt only achieved
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camping, diving, as a decoration, or just for fun. The only thing that needs to be done in order to make them glow is bend them. But there is something more deeply than just bending the glow stick. These glow sticks involve chemical reactions. The reaction of these chemicals causes a constant release of energy. Atoms in the materials are stimulated, causing electrons to get a higher energy level and then return to their normal levels. When they do this, they release energy as light. This process
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Radiometric dating is when the amount of Carbon-14 is analyzed in a specimen that was once living compared to the amount of Carbon-14 in a sample that is currently living. The important information that radiometric dating is based on is that Carbon-14 has been produced at a constant rate in the upper atmosphere for all of time. Furthermore, the half-life of Carbon-14 is 5,730 years and it will never change. When an element has an atomic number greater than 82, it is radioactive. When the nucleus
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non-specific and some are highly specific. The active site on an enzyme is where the chemical reactions occur. Substrates, which are the reactants, bind to the active site. For specific enzymes, only substrates that fit the three-dimensional shape and structure of the active site can bind with it. When a substrate binds with an active site an enzyme-substrate complex (ES) is made. Only the substrates undergo chemical changes while the enzymes remain the same and are used again. The lock-and-key model
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Free radicals are chemical species that contain a singly occupied orbital. They are neutral and tend to be highly reactive and is a species with an odd number of electrons. When a bond is broken both electrons of that bond remained with one of the atoms but for the formation of radicals, one electron of the bond remains with each of the atoms called hemolytic bond cleavage. Our body generates free radicals reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species by various endogenous systems, exposure
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Enzymes inhibitors Enzymes are a biological catalyst that accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected by the reaction. Enzymes are helpful because they speed up reactions. According to George Shields, “Protein enzymes work by bringing the reactants in a chemical reaction together in the most favorable geometrical arrangement, so that bonds can be easily broken and reformed. This is possible because different enzymes have different three-dimensional shapes.” Another function
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TITRIMETRIC ANALYSIS 3.7.1. BASIC PRINCIPLES In titrimetric analysis we volumetrically measure the amount of reagent, often called a titrant, required to complete a chemical reaction with the analyte. A generic chemical reaction for titrimetric analysis is ����+����→���������������� Where: a moles of analyte A contained in the sample reacts with t moles of the titrant T in the titrant solution. The reaction is generally carried out in a flask containing the liquid or dissolved sample
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CRYSTAL STRUCTURES CRYSTAL STRUCTURES • Have you ever wondered how atoms assemble into solid structures? • How does the density of a material depend on its structures? CRYSTAL STRUCTURES • Solid materials can broadly be classified as crystalline and non crystalline (amorphous) solids. • In crystalline solid the arrangement of atoms is in a periodically repeating manner whereas no such patterns are found in a non-crystalline solid. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES • 2 types of crystalline solids:
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Executive Summary Clariant International Limited is a Swiss chemical company formed in 1995. Through the acquisition of other chemical companies such as Hoechst and Sud-Chemie, Clariant has established itself as “one of the world’s leading specialty chemical companies.” Clariant is involved in multiple markets, including, but not limited to, consumer care, biotechnology and industrial applications. Clariant is split into 6 separate global divisions, which contain, in total, 19 different businesses
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