The Latitudinal Diversity Gradient Hypothesis: the state of knowledge Biogeography Spring 2013, Term Paper Title: Latitudinal Diversity Gradient Hypothesis, the state of knowledge By Schibon 1. Introduction Latitudinal gradients in species diversity are generally understood to be increases in the number of species from high (cold-temperate) to low (warm) latitudes (Rohde, 2011). As early as 1807, von Humboldt provided the first formulation for this hypothesis (based
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or species” (Wilkins). That is that minor changes occur within a small species or group of organisms within a short period of time. There are many mechanisms of evolution such as: genetic variation, drift and selection, natural selection, and speciation. Genetic variation has two processes recombination and mutation. Recombination is when the genes from two parents are mixed to produce offspring by sexual reproduction. Mutation happens when DNA is copied wrong during replication which leads to
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|[pic] |Course Syllabus | | |College of Natural Sciences | | |SCI/230 Version 7 | |
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the development of birds from reptiles (Coyne, 2009). Speciation, yet another evolutionary concept, has the belief that although species share common traits they are all unique (Coyne, 2009). This means, even though species may have a common ancestor somewhere in their development the genes divided to create another species (Coyne, 2009). The common ancestor, the fourth concept of Darwin’s theory of evolution, is the other side of speciation (Coyne, 2009). It believes that genetic traits in organisms
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Mendel’s principle of inheritance Principle of segregation Two alleles per offspring, one from each parent Independent assortment Distribution of one pair of alleles does not influence another pair Genes don’t blend Eukaryotic and prokaryotic Prokaryotic – are one celled organisms. Two kinds- bacteria and archaea Cells structure is simple Eukaryotes- every organism that has more than one cell. Cell structure is more complex than prokaryotes Prokaryotes Prokaryotic cells are one celled
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Naturwissenschaften (2004) 91:255–276 DOI 10.1007/s00114-004-0515-y REVIEW Ulrich Kutschera · Karl J. Niklas The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis Published online: 17 March 2004 Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract In 1858, two naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, independently proposed natural selection as the basic mechanism responsible for the origin of new phenotypic variants and, ultimately, new species. A large body of evidence for this hypothesis
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Midterm 1 Notes * Anthropological Approaches to Understanding Evolution * What is Anthropology? * the study of culture * the study of humans * the study of humans and human behavior * the study of culture among different people and places * the study of global cultures and the comparisons between the various differences * It incorporate culture, including language, social practice, religion, etc. * the study of culture…it can be scientific, humanistic and based
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take a minute to note that Darwin observed what is sometimes referred to as microevolution. He saw the change and effects of allele frequency changing due to environmental change. However, a bird remained a bird and a giraffe is still a giraffe. Speciation (macroevolution) has never been observed. Several criticisms of this theory have arisen over the decades. The age of the Earth for one, while intelligent design, using a literal interpretation
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The Galápagos Islands: The Galápagos Islands are a small, but unique group of islands in the pacific, approximately 1000km west of South America; the islands were discovered in 1935 by the Spanish. Their volcanic origin should make the islands uninhabitable, but in fact, it’s actually teaming with life on the island. The current between the islands is hot and cold, giving it a good diversity, which means there is a variety in living organisms in that area. Life is everywhere on the islands because
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1 Introduction Analysis of globins allow for the evolutionary history of genes and proteins to be deduced (Goodman and Moore, 1973). A globin is a form of protein consisting of eight alpha helices (Dickerson and Geis, 1983 cited in Roesner, et al., 2004). One type of globin in-cludes the myoglobin, which functions within muscles of the heart and skeletal muscles (Hardison, 2012). The haemoglobin, on the other hand, is located within erythrocytes, and conveys oxygen from the lungs, throughout the
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