FINANCE A QUALITY E-LEARNING PROGRAM BY WWW.LEARNWITHFLIP.COM Understanding Money Money is a standardized unit of exchange. The physical form of money is currency. Different countries have different currencies. Interest is the amount earned or paid on money which is lent. Compound interest is the ‘interest earned on interest’. Compound Interest (C.I)= [P*(1+r/100)^t – P] P=Principal amount r=Rate of interest t=Time period in years Interest may be compounded annually, semi-annually, quarterly,
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Most people know that money you have in hand now is more valuable than money you collect later on. That’s because you can use it to make more money by running a business, or buying something now and selling it later for more, or simply putting it in the bank and earning interest. Future money is also less valuable because inflation erodes its buying power. This is called the time value of money. But how exactly do you compare the value of money now with the value of money in the future? That is where
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sell without significant loss in value Product risk- products may be flawed or services may not meet your expectations. Retailers may not honor their obligations Personal Risk: Risk of Death- Premature death may cause financial hardship to family members left behind Risk of income loss- Your income could stop as a result of job loss or because you fall ill or are hurt in an accident Health Risk- Poor health may increase your medical costs. At the same time, it may reduce your working capacity
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You don't have to use any sign. Present value and Future value can be calculated from common sense. Simple Interest: FV = PV*(1+r*t) where r=rate of interest per annum and t=number of years. Compound Interest: FV =PV*(1+r)^t , where r=rate of interest per annum , t=number of years. PV in both the cases can be calculated by deviding FV with the other part in the right hand side.That is (1+r*t) in case of simple interest and (1+r)^t in case of compounding interest.The examples in the text
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2 Valuation 3 The Time Value of Money Contents n n n Objectives After studying Chapter 3, you should be able to: n The Interest Rate Simple Interest Compound Interest Single Amounts • Annuities • Mixed Flows Understand what is meant by “the time value of money.” Understand the relationship between present and future value. Describe how the interest rate can be used to adjust the value of cash flows – both forward and backward – to a single point in time. Calculate both the future
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Present value is where the value on a set date of a future payment is discounted to reflect the time value of money and other factors. This can also apply to a series of future payments. Present value calculations are commonly utilized in business and economics to provide a way to compare cash flows at different times. Present value can be described as the current worth of a future sum of money or stream of cash flows given a specified rate of return. (http://www.getobjects.com) Future cash flows
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Compounding & Future Value Discounting & Present Value Multiple Cash Flows “Special” Streams of Cash Flows » Perpetuities » Annuities Interest Rates » APR versus EAR 3 Lottery Example You just won a lottery which gives you two options: (1) Receive $100 today (2) Receive $120 in one year $100 $120 0 Money Time 1 Which option should one take? 4 2 2 Lottery Example: Future Value If you take money now, you can put them in the
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techniques that consider the time value of money and techniques that ignore the time value of money the later producing less accurate results but being easier to understand and compute. The time value of money concept takes into account that the current value of a dollar that is received in the future is less valuable than it is if received today (Edmonds, Olds, McNair, Tsay, Schneider, & Milam, 2007). The two most common time value of money measurements are net present value and internal rate of
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Composition of interest rates In economics, interest is considered the price of money, therefore, it is also subject to distortions due to inflation. The nominal interest rate, which refers to the price before adjustment to inflation, is the one visible to the consumer (i.e., the interest tagged in a loan contract, credit card statement, etc). Nominal interest is composed by the real interest rate plus inflation, among other factors. A simple formula for the nominal interest is: i = r + π Where
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© Nikada/iStockphoto.com Chapter 28 Time Value of Money © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. No distribution allowed without express authorization. In Chapter 1, we saw that the primary objective of financial management is to maximize the intrinsic value of a firm’s stock. We also saw that stock values depend on the timing of the cash flows investors expect from an investment—a dollar expected sooner is worth more than a dollar expected further in the future. Therefore, it is essential
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