Urban consolidation and compact-city policies are not novel planning innovations in the Australian context. Debates over urban consolidation have been actively raging since the late 1970s (Bounds 2004). In the international context the ambition to actively pursue the creation of more compact cities was given approval by the UN (Habitat 2001). One of the principal impediments to the adoption of urban consolidation in the Australian context was the cultural imperative of detached housing and owner
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collaboration with JICA, I learnt valuable lessons on Kaizen and the Life Improvement Approach. Useful parallels can be drawn form the experience of Japan in that the Life Improvement Approach was introduced in Japan against a backdrop of severe economic challenges and hardships. The people of Japan took an active and conscious decision to face their problems, devise solutions for them and implement them so as to bring about a Change for the better (kaizen) in their day to day lives a process
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This section presents the monocentric ‘city’ model formulated around the city centre for its production function. The model proceeds as follows. Simple regression of ln(FAR) on a constant and the distance to the city centre (DCC) by the method of OLS is presented first to examine the existence of a basic monocentric ‘city’ model. Then this benchmark model is extended by using GWR method. Through this extending process, more detailed information on the distance – FAR relationships, including the influential
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Urban Climates The city is an extraordinary processor of mass and energy and has its own metabolism. A daily input of water, food, and energy of various kinds is matched by an output of sewage, solid waste, air pollutants, energy, and materials that have been transformed in some way. The quantities involved are enormous. Many aspects of this energy use affect the atmosphere of a city, particularly in the production of heat. In winter the heat produced by a city can equal or surpass the
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contribute not only to agricultural production growth, but also to the development of rural non-farm sectors. - The future of rural development depends to a great extent on the digital technologies, which are essential to fill the existing gap with urban areas. Evidences show that availability of high speed internet and mobile phone connection can help improve the economy in rural areas.
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The Inner Harbor of Baltimore has been subject to decades of New Urbanism redevelopment and continues today and in many ways, the transition has been a successful one. Although this waterfront revitalization has resulted in large tax revenues and attracted throngs of tourists, it has offered little to a large number of residents who call Baltimore their home. As Margaret Crawford states in Everyday Urbanism “New Urbanism is scenographic and image driven in its production of familiarity.” While
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Abrefa-Gyan (2002) Ultimately, people lack a productive and household asset, which leads to urban poverty. So urban poverty is indicated as an urgent issue to be addressed and realised as many policies and development work focus on the rural areas yet rural - urban migration influx is high and continues to perplex modernisation in the city. Kiguli,J. (2004) Woldiya in search of employment and to utilize urban services and education. Hence, the out flow of economically active people from the rural agricultural
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families to pay back loans or for meeting the two hands. An alarming era of educated unemployment is fast approaching, particularly in Urban areas. Government policy of privatization and takeover by privates has created a problem. This will certainly bring urban poverty or it will enhance rural economic downfall. Rural population still suffers exploitation by the city or urban residents. They try to trap, bind and exploit the poor realties. The ignorance of law provides ample opportunity for exploiters
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Background: The major dynamic driving forces of cities in developing countries are economic and social forces to change the urban system with the growing demand of population and urbanization. Of course, the problems are different and unique to a particular city based on the city growth pattern, economic and social character. Khulna, the third largest metropolitan city in Bangladesh with 1.2 million populations within 45.6 square kilometres was developed as a medium scale industrial
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STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE Troposphere | Closest to the earth and most weather happens here. Temperature drops as you go higher. Wind speeds increase. Most unstable layer. End of the sphere is marked by the tropoPAUSE- an isothermal layer where temp remains constant. | Stratosphere | Steady increase in temperature. Marked by the STRATOPAUSE. Atmosphere is thinner here. | Mesosphere | Temperature decreases to -90. No water vapour or dust to absorb radiation. Very strong winds at 3000 km/hr
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