...changes in order to adjust and cope with the tremendous development that are happening in the internal and external environment of the organization. With the constantly changing environment, many people especially those in the working organization find themselves normally adapting. This is because change can bring many improvement and development in different aspects of competency. Likewise, change has been modified and tailored by various work organizations for varied reasons. With these changes in business processes, the evolution of different management strategies among business practitioners becomes the new trend. The emergence of the so-called management fashion is now influencing most of businesses today. With this consideration, this paper will be discussing the issues of changes among business in accordance to management fashion as it complies with the theories of legitimacy and institutionalization. Discussion The continuous and dynamic competition in the global business arena has been very stiff and complex. In this regard, the organization must be able to utilize a strategy and management system that will enhance the performance of the business so as to outgrow its rivals (Thompson & Strickland, 2003). The evolution of...
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...was not aware of these kinds of statistics, however, he was on the brink of an invention that would revolutionize the way we smoke cigarettes almost fifty years later. The invention of the Electronic Cigarette [also known as the e-cig] was patented in 1963 by Herbert A. Gilbert, “The present invention relates to a smokeless non-tobacco cigarette and has for an object to provide a safe and harmless means for and method of smoking by replacing burning tobacco and paper with heated, moist, flavored air; or by inhaling warm medication into the lungs in case of a respiratory ailment under direction of a physician.” (Electronic Cigarettes, 2009) Unfortunately for Herbert, in the early 1960s cigarette smoking was not yet the threat it has become today. People just didn’t see a need to stop smoking. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Tobacco Company had always marketed towards women; smoking was a sexy thing. As one can see from the photograph, the young lady is beautiful, slender and happy. Throughout the middle of the 1960s big Tobacco Company’s began targeting the men and using advertisements such as cowboys and men with tattoos. This was to ensure your confidence while smoking that cigarette; sadly, this was just how smoking had become perceived. Subsequently, Herbert’s design was not tolerated nor put into distribution, and years would go by without much buzz regarding the Herbert e-cig. Naturally, time continued on and along with it...
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...The historical development of outsourcing: the latest fad? Chris Lonsdale University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Andrew Cox University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Few management practices have attracted as much attention as outsourcing is enjoying at the present time. That firms should aggressively adopt the practice is almost becoming a given, and consultants' Abstract presentations talk of a ``revolution in Notes that outsourcing is just one outsourcing''. The academic literature on the of the means by which the subject has grown in kind. boundary of the firm can be What is often lost in the hype surrounding adjusted. Considers various other means such as conglomeration the concept, however, is that outsourcing is and horizontal and vertical just one way in which the boundary of the integration. Focuses on firm can be adjusted in response to changing outsourcing and its place in this economic pressures. Indeed, any history of bigger picture and discusses the history of outsourcing. Outlines the concept should recognise this, as the concerns for managers and gives recent trends in its favour have very much case examples from Rank Zerox been set in the context of a general movement and BP. towards more ``focused'' business strategies. This article investigating the development of outsourcing is in three main sections. First, it sets outsourcing in the wider context of the boundary of the firm issue. Second, it then proceeds to discuss the history of outsourcing, and...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This research paper acknowledges different quality management tools. It is about the evolution of different quality tools and defining the best practice Strategic model in IT organization in relation to achieving quality within their business processes and integrating business processes to achieve strategic goals. Previous research and study indicates the various quality system tools in order to achieve quality management objectives in the competitive business environment. This research paper investigates and finds out the evolution of different quality system tools and significance of various quality tools and then designing best practice strategic model for future in Information Technology organization. The importance of this proposed research is that currently IT companies are experiencing increased global competition and parameters like complexities of the product, different markets, customer focus, high quality of product, decision making and integration among various business units in the global environment and the environment in which the firm operates are the issues of concern. Traditional quality tool in IT systems are not capable of coping with these demands and still stay competitive. Changes are needed in order to achieve sustainable results and maintaining fitness and overcome the problems of traditional tools. Today industrial companies need stable position socially and economically...
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...cows to become weakened and fall down. It is also noticed that an increased occurrence of mastitis, which is an infection of the cows utters. (Wade, 1) The infection is cured by a regime of antibiotics, which make it into our milk. It is also seen that there is no legitimate use to BGH. In the United States there is a surplus of dairy products, meaning that with the use of BGH small farmers will be run out of business by the factory farms. They can produce larger quantities of milk and be able to sell them at lower prices. The production of the Bovine Growth Hormone in order to help the dairy industry has become a controversial issue since its usage approval. In today’s world being a socially responsible company is not only a trending fad but also it is almost a requirement by the consumers. Many companies have labels stating things like “dolphin free” or “BGH free.” The merchandisers use these labels to increase their sales with the socially responsible consumers use both of these labels. In the instance with BGH free labels many companies are putting the BGH free label or the Synthetic hormone free labels on their products. “Its manufacturer acknowledges that it can cause health problems in cows; some physicians also believe it increases the risk of cancer in humans who drink milk from BGH-treated cows. Though there are still many questions...
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...American Finance Association The Long-Run Performance of Initial Public Offerings Author(s): Jay R. Ritter Source: The Journal of Finance, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Mar., 1991), pp. 3-27 Published by: Blackwell Publishing for the American Finance Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2328687 . Accessed: 15/03/2011 14:34 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=black. . Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Blackwell Publishing and American Finance Association...
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...Coupon Craze: Is it worth it? Abstract In today’s world people are always on the go and always wanting to have things so fast. It is surprising to find that not everyone wants the cheapest price however. Couponing has grown to become a popular craze due to the recent airing of the reality show Extreme Couponing. Only 2% of all printed coupons are actually used in today’s economy. This is especially surprising when you can find coupons in so many places today. There is the Sunday paper, internet coupons, and mobile coupons. There are also many stores that offer store coupons that can be combined with manufacturer coupons to save even more money. Even if you do not have a ton of time to dedicate to saving money there are services that will send the coupons you want to your home already clipped and internet sites telling you exactly what store to go to and with what coupons. With everything laid out and explained couponing today seems to be a logical thing to do. So then why are only 2% of the coupons being used? Introduction Have you ever stood behind someone in line at the grocery store with a handful of coupons and think to yourself what a waste of time? In today’s fast paced lifestyle, couponing is actually a great way to save money. Today, there are about “310 billion coupons printed and only 2% of them are actually redeemed.”(Slater, 2001, p.3) “Coupons have been criticized on the grounds that they only discriminate against low-income consumers, consumers who...
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...RELEVANCE LOST (DISCUSSIE EN ONTWIKKELINGEN) Relevance lost is a title of the book written by Johnson and Kaplan, where they were complaining that management accounting techniques emerged centuries ago, are still used, but they no longer relevant in today’s highly competitive environment. CHAPTER 5 - CONTROLLING THE MULTI DIVISIONAL ORGANIZATION 64. What are the two major obstacles to the success of the integrated firm? 1. Complexity - or the bureaucratic paralysis caused by complexity. 2. Management indifference to the owner's goals (p.94). This potential problem resulted when managers replaced owners in performing the managerial functions. 65. How did the integrated firms cope with these problems? Multi divisional firms might have developed better accounting systems, (e.g., using Church's ideas) but instead they coped with these obstacles using decentralization (p.94-96). In decentralized firms, top management plans strategy, while subordinate managers coordinate and control operating activities (p.97). 66. What was the New Use Developed For ROI? J&K indicate that ROI was used to delegate responsibility and allocate funds, i.e., capital (p.98). (Note: Technically, responsibility can be assigned, but not delegated. The authority to act on one's behalf can be delegated as when someone is hired to do a tax return, but the taxpayer is still responsible.) 67. Success of multi divisional firms depends on the management accounting system to perform three task...
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...Is the use of technologies, such as "cookies", strategic to marketing goods and services online? What is the impact, if any, on consumer privacy? A few years ago, the combination of technology and marketing was not a common term. Even a very successful marketing model that was followed by software giant Microsoft, was neglected in many top ranking business schools. According to them what Microsoft was doing was a fad. But time has proved that they were wrong. Marketing guru Kotler has agreed that traditional marketing is not working any more. The economic power has shifted from marketers to customers. This shift happens in the market place due to the technology. Today customers have the access to information that lets them make much more informed decisions. Customers are increasingly telling companies what type of product or services they want and when, where and how they want to buy them. Before purchase a product or service, they compare each of the competitors' product and their pricing, availability and value for money. So customers are now in control. Customer's action and their demands are profoundly impacting every industry in the market. The use of technologies such as cookies is paramount to the implementation of such marketing practices, which ultimately benefit both the retailer and the consumer. Without these, retailers would not be able to fine-tune their marketing strategies and focus, and consumers would not be able to provide, through their actions...
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...TITLE: BROADCAST MEDIA COURSE LECTURER: LADI ADAMU JUNE 2012 Introduction The international network of computers popularly called the internet has redefined virtually every aspect of human endeavour since its inception shrinking out time and space and as well, enhancing communication at a speed level unprecedented to man prior to the 21st Century. Everything right from home entertainment to corporate organization, to communication, broadcasting, and digitization took a whole new dimension, giving credence to Marshall Mc Luhan prophecies. Life got miniaturized and communication broke all human boarders. This paper seeks to explore the outcome of the internet and the trends that ensued and the consequential effects it had on software developers, internet users, media organizations, regulatory bodies, stakeholders and other parties involved. The benefits shall be discussed and limitations pointed out. Thus, it shall be addressing questions like: What are the internet trends? How have these trends fared, What are the issues arising from usage of such services or software/applications. Is there any form of government regulation? The Advent of the Internet. Anaeto, Onaabajo and Osifeso(2008), in describing the advent...
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...(PART I) TRENDS ON NUTRITION : A Paradigm Shift INTRODUCTION The Hospitality Industry plays a vital role in the Nurtition of our society specifically the Food and Beverage Industry. It caters to all kinds of people, rich or poor, single or married, male or female, individual consumer or family, it has no limit. With the new life style of today’s world, where both parents are working, high demand of work hours and hectic schedules, people tend to divert in fastfood products than cooking at home. This resulted somehow to create health problems of the cumsumers since not everyone in the Food and Beverage Industry is concern about the food they are serving. However, most of them value profit first and unconcious over the health benefits of the food products. Nutrition is a language of healthy life, proper diet and wellness of everyone. The advocacy of “Health is Wealth” is in every corner of the world but sad to note that the number of malnutrition in the Philippines alone, is increasing. According to statistics, under Poverty, Children and Health (Inquirer.net)malnutrition increased from 2005 to 2008, the prevalence of underweight children aged 0-5 years increased from 24.6 percent to 26.2 percent, about 3.35 million children. Another problem that concerns nutrition, is the rampant obesity. Obesity is more of a life and death issue than simply looking “bad.” Obese people are much more higher to develop diabetes type 2 and if not given extra attention will also cause...
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...shall see in this chapter and others in this book, this has often not been the case. Marketing as a subject has proved almost impossible to pin down, and there is little consensus about what it means to study marketing. Most organisations now employ marketers. Marketing roles were traditionally found in commercial firms, but increasingly all kinds of organisations feel the need to employ marketers or to commission services from marketing consultants. The popularity and pervasiveness of marketing is, however, a relatively recent phenomenon. Academics have only studied marketing as a discipline in its own right for just over a century, and during its short history the study of marketing has been influenced by many different academic movements, fads and priorities. This variability can be viewed as a positive state of affairs, because it means that the subject is always open to new ideas and new trends. On the other hand, it has the potential to undermine the value of marketing knowledge because there is no general consensus on what the study of marketing should be for, how these studies should be conducted, or what the outcomes should be. Before we can begin to study marketing, we need to understand something about this history and the debates and controversies that have shaped the field. In this chapter, we shall review the origins of marketing thought, examining when the term ‘marketing’ was first used, its subsequent development, and provide an overview of the development of marketing...
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...RESEARCH STARTERS ACADEMIC TOPIC OVERVIEWS Four Stages of Social Movements Social Movements & Collective Behavior > Four Stages of Social Movements Table of Contents Abstract Keywords the four stages of social movements. The four stages of social movement development are emergence, coalescence, bureaucratization, and decline. The Decline stage can result from several different causes, such as repression, co-optation, success, failure, and mainstream. The four stages of development model can be applied to understand how movements form, grow, and dissipate. It has limitations, however, in its application to new social movements and movements that are not rooted in political action. Despite these limitations, the four stages model is still highly useful in understanding collective action and provides a useful frame of analysis for sociologists considering social movements and their effects in the past and present. Overview What is a Social Movement? Four Stages of Social Movements Stage 1: Emergence Stage 2: Coalescence Stage 3: Bureaucratization Stage 4: Decline Repression Co-optation Success Failure Establishment with Mainstream Overview There have been many social movements throughout history that have dramatically changed the societies in which they occurred. There have been many failed social movements as well. Throughout the history of the United States alone there have been a number of important and notable social movements. These movements have varied widely...
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...Discuss the shifts in demand and supply and the impact on prices and the profitability of individual producers that occurred in the cranberry industry in 2006-2007 resulting from the following facts: 1. Cranberries are no longer relegated to a Thanksgiving side dish. They can now be found in more than 2,000 products from muffin mix to soap. 2. Ocean Spray and other growers have unleashed a steady flow of new products, including new low-calorie drinks such as Diet Ocean Spray. The company has also introduced a line of “Grower’s Reserve” 100% natural juices, including a “Super Antioxidant” variety with blueberry, pomegranate, and cranberry juices. Last year Ocean Spray has its most successful year ever, posting $2 billion in revenue with 30% from outside the U.S. [1] Ocean Spray Cooperative has one of the great success stories in agricultural marketing cooperatives. Over the past 80 years the company has struggled in several industry dynamics, pricing, supply, demand issues, and macroeconomic factors but has overcome and be a leader in manufacturing and agricultural products. Cultivated cranberry production can be traced back to the 1800’s when Henry Hull, a ship captain based in Cape Cod notices that wild cranberries flourished when sand blew over them. he transplanted vines to what he called “cranberry yards” and manually spread sand to encourage growth. This practice proved successful, and by the 1850s, cranberry production had expanded both on the Cape and into...
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...This article was downloaded by: [Guru Ghasidas University ] On: 13 January 2014, At: 02:45 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Strategic Marketing Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rjsm20 An examination of marketing techniques that influence Millennials' perceptions of whether a product is environmentally friendly Katherine T. Smith a a Department of Marketing , Texas A&M University , 4112 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4112, USA Published online: 19 Nov 2010. To cite this article: Katherine T. Smith (2010) An examination of marketing techniques that influence Millennials' perceptions of whether a product is environmentally friendly, Journal of Strategic Marketing, 18:6, 437-450, DOI: 10.1080/0965254X.2010.525249 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2010.525249 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors,...
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